How to use js for breakpoint debugging?

 虽然网上已经有多的数不清的调试教程了，但仍然没有发现哪篇文章写的通俗易懂，索性自己尝试写写自己的一些使用习惯或者说是心得，希望对那些还不是很懂得使用断点调试的孩子有一些帮助（大神请无视~）。

1. What is breakpoint debugging? Is it difficult?

Breakpoint debugging is actually not that complicated. A simple understanding of no outbound calls is to open the browser, open sources, find the js file, and click on the line number. It seems very simple to operate, but in fact many people struggle with where to break the point? (Let’s look at a breakpoint screenshot first, taking the breakpoint of the Chrome browser as an example)

Do you remember the steps?

Open the page with chrome browser → Press f12 to open the developer tools → Open Sources → Open the js code file you want to debug → In the line number Click on OK! Congratulations on hitting your virginity breakpoint, haha~~

2. How to hit the breakpoint appropriately?

The operation of breaking points is very simple. The core question is, how to set breakpoints to find out the problems in the code? Let me continue to give an example to facilitate your understanding. Without further ado, here is the picture:

## Suppose we are now implementing a function to load more, as shown in the picture above, but now there is a problem with loading more functions. The data is not loaded after clicking. At this time, we immediately thought of What should it be? (Write the answer on a different line, and you can see what your first reaction is)

The first thing I thought of was, what did I click on? did not succeed? Are the methods in the click event run? Okay, if we want to know the answer to this question, let's try setting a breakpoint immediately. Where is the breakpoint? Think about it yourself first.

Continue with the picture above:

##

Have you thought about it? That's right, since we want to know whether the click is successful, of course we add a breakpoint at the click event in the code. Remember not to add it on line 226, because the function in the click method is executed, not the selection on line 226. device. The breakpoint is now set, what do you do next? Think about it for yourself~

Continue with the picture above:

## Then of course we go back and click the load more button, why? Forehead. . . If you ask this, please allow me to use this expression . How can I trigger a click event without clicking the load more button? How to execute the function in the click event without triggering the click event? Roaring. . But I believe that everyone will not ask such a low question~ No nonsense~

Continue to the topic, the picture above is the situation after clicking the load more button, we can see on the left The page on the side is covered by a translucent layer. There is a string of English and two buttons at the top of the page. The 227th line of code on the right is added with a background color. When this happens, let’s not worry about what those buttons mean in English. What does it do? What information did you get from this picture? Continue to think about it~

If the above situation occurs, it means that the function in the click event is called, which further illustrates that the click event takes effect. Then our first "criminal suspect" for this problem has been eliminated.

We turn our attention to the inside of the event. The click event is triggered, so the next problem is its internal function problem. If you want to ask why? Please give me a piece of tofu. . .

For example, I give you a pen and ask you to write. Then you write a word on the paper and find that the word does not come out. Why? You said I wrote it, but there are still scratches on the paper. Is it possible that the pen is out of ink or the nib is broken? This example is more similar to click loading. The action of writing is a click operation, and the internal function is the ink or pen tip. Do you understand~

Then let’s analyze the contents of the click event. It contains three sentences. The first sentence is to increase the variable i automatically, and the second sentence is to add to the button. An i tag, the third sentence is to call the method of requesting data.

Through the functions of these three sentences, we can place a larger part of the suspicion on the third sentence, and a smaller part on the first and second sentences. , some people may wonder, how can the second sentence be suspicious? Its function is just to add a label, which has no impact on the data at all. Indeed, this sentence has no impact on the data, but for strict consideration, it may still make mistakes. For example, what if it is missing a semicolon? Or is there a symbol error inside the sentence? It's often small problems like this that waste a lot of our time.

Okay, in order to further target the "criminal suspect", I would like to introduce a tool to you, which is also one of the two icons shown in the above picture, see the picture below:

##The function of this small icon is called "statement by statement execution" or "step by step" "Execute" is a term that I personally understand. It means that every time you click it, the js statement will be executed later. It also has a shortcut key, F10. The following picture demonstrates the effect after it is clicked:

The following will teach you two ways to view the actual output value of the page number i], the picture above:

The first method:

##The steps are as follows:

1. Still put a breakpoint on line 227 → 2. Click the Load more button → 3. Click the "Execute statement by statement" button once, and the js code will be executed to line 228 → 4. Use the mouse to select i++ (what is selected Don’t you understand? If you want to copy something, do you need to select it? Yes, this is the selection.) → 5. After selecting, hover the mouse over the target, and you will see the result as shown above.

Second type:

##Enter $ in the console (this), you can get the selected element. Yes, it is the object we clicked - the load more button element.

Let me tell you my understanding of the console: This thing is a js parser, which is used by the browser itself to parse and run js, but The browser allows us developers to control the running and output of js during the debugging process through the console. Through the above two methods, you may think it is very simple to use, but I want to remind you, or it may be a confusion that some novices are more likely to encounter.

Confusion 1: When there is no break point, enter i in the console, and the console reports an error.

This should be a very common question for novices. Why can’t I directly output the value of the variable on the console without breaking the point? Personally, I understand that i is just a local variable at this time. If you do not set a breakpoint, the browser will parse all js. The console cannot access local variables, but only global variables, so at this time the console will report an error that i is not available. Definition, but when js sets a breakpoint, the console resolves to the function where the local variable i is located, and i can be accessed at this time.

Confusion 2: Why can things be printed when I directly enter $(".xxx") in the console?

It's very simple. The console itself is a js parser, and $(".xxx") is a js statement, so naturally the console can parse this statement and output the result.

After introducing the usage of the "Statement-by-Statement Execution" button and the console, I will finally introduce a button, as shown above:

I call this button the "Procedure-by-Procedure Execution" button, which is different from the "Statement-by-Statement Execution" button. The "Execute step by step" button is often used when one method calls multiple js files, and the js code involved is relatively long, this button will be used.

Above picture:

## Assume that in the above picture I only set a breakpoint on line 227, and then clicked the "Execute Statement by Statement" button all the way to line 229. At this time, what if I click the "Execute Statement by Statement" button again? Then I will enter In the js in the picture below:

These are all It's the content of the zepto library file, and it's very complicated to run. We can't always use the "Execute statement by statement" button, so you will find that you are still in the library file after pressing it for a long time. What to do? Then the "Process-by-Process" button comes into play.

#

In addition to hitting a breakpoint on line 227, I also hit a breakpoint on line 237. When we run to line 229 , directly click the "Execute step by step" button, you will find that js directly skips the library file and runs to line 237. You can use it and experience it yourself.

Final summary:

This article mainly introduces "statement-by-statement execution ” button, “Process-by-process execution” button, console console, and some ideas when debugging bugs. I won’t go into details about the usage of the tool. It’s enough for everyone to know how to use it. How to use it more rationally requires everyone to summarize and improve it through a lot of practice~

I actually wrote in this article The main thing I want to talk about is an idea for debugging bugs, but the selected example involves too many things. . . I'm afraid that writing it all down would be too long and no one would be interested in reading it, so I simply selected a part to explain to you. I don't know if you will gain anything from it. Don't look at the three sentences I wrote about debugging. If you actually do it like me in an actual project, it is estimated that the time you spend debugging a bug will be much longer than the time it takes to write a script. . . In actual situations, we should develop the habit of checking the problem in our mind as soon as we get the problem, and find the most likely point where the problem occurs. If there is no way to quickly find out the most important point, then you can use the most A troublesome but reliable method is to use the "Execute statement by statement" button to execute the entire js related to the problem in sequence. During the execution process, you can also clarify your ideas and pay attention to the value and selection of each variable. Whether the element selected by the tool is correct. Generally speaking, if you do this again, the bugs will be almost solved.

So personally think that our idea of ​​​​debugging bugs should be like this: first, whether js is successfully executed; secondly, whether there is logic in js Problems, variable problems, parameter problems, etc.; finally, if there are no problems with the above, please look carefully at the various symbols. . .

OK~ That’s it for breaking points~ If you don’t understand, you can leave a message below~ And if you have any knowledge points that you don’t understand or are confused about the front-end, You can also leave a message below. When I have time, I will continue to write some documents for everyone’s messages~

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