Summary of function events-JS Tutorial-php.cn

Summary of function events

jacklove

Release： 2018-05-21 15:42:34

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When learning functions, you will encounter many function events. This article will explain them in detail.

What is an event?

The interaction between JavaScript and HTML is achieved through events. Events are specific moments of interaction that occur in a document or browser window. You can use listeners (or handlers) to schedule events so that appropriate code is executed when the event occurs. This model, known in traditional software engineering as the Observer pattern, supports loose coupling between the behavior of the page (JavaScript) and the appearance of the page (HTML and CSS).

Event flow

Event flow describes the order in which events are received from the page. Assume the following code:

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title></head><body>
    <div id="div1"></div></body></html>

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Click on the div. This click not only occurs on the div, but its parent container body will also be clicked. So who was clicked first or how did the event spread? The event stream describes such a sequence of receiving events.

IE event stream (event bubbling)

IE event stream is also called event bubbling, that is, the event is received by the most specific element (the node with the deepest nesting layer in the document) when it starts. , and then propagated step by step to less specific nodes (documents).
Taking the above code as an example, if you click on the div element, then the click event will be propagated in the following order:

1.<div>
2.<body>
3.<html>
4.document

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That is to say, the click event first occurs on the div element, This element is the element we clicked, and then the click event propagates upward along the DOM tree, occurring on each level of node until it propagates to the document object.

All modern browsers support event bubbling, but there are some differences. Event bubbling in IE5.5 and earlier versions skips the html element and goes directly from the body to the document. IE9, Firefox, Chrome and Safari bubble the event all the way to the window object. (Old IE browsers only support event bubbling).

Event Capture

The idea of event capture is that less specific nodes should receive events earlier, and specific nodes should receive events last, which is exactly the opposite of event bubbling, and above Take the above example as an example, click on the div, the event triggering sequence of the event capture is as follows:

1.document
2.<html>
3.<body>
4.<div>

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During the event capture process, the document object first receives the click event, and then the event goes down along the DOM tree. propagated all the way to the actual target of the event.

IE9, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera all support event capture. Although the DOM2-level event specification requires that events should start propagating from the document object, these browsers start capturing events from the window object.

DOM event flow

The event flow specified by DOM level 2 events includes three stages: event capture stage, target stage and event bubbling stage. The first thing that happens is event capture, providing the opportunity to intercept the event. Then the actual target receives the event. The final phase is the bubbling phase, where you can respond to events.

In the DOM event stream, the actual target will not receive events during the capture phase. This means that during the capture phase, events from document to html to body are stopped. The next stage is in the target stage, so the event occurs on the div and is considered part of the bubbling stage in event handling. Then, the bubbling phase occurs and the event is passed back to the ducument.
But in fact, IE9, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera9.5 and higher will trigger events on the event object during the capture phase. The result is that there are two opportunities to manipulate events on the target object. (IE8 and earlier versions do not support DOM event streaming).

Event handler

An event is some action performed by the user or the browser itself. Things like click, load, and mouseover are all event names. The function that responds to an event is called an event handler (event listener). The name of the event handler starts with "on", so the event handler for the click event is onclick, and the handler for the load event is onload. There are several ways to specify handlers for events.

HTML event handler

Each event supported by an element can be specified using an HTML attribute with the same name as the corresponding event handler. The value of this attribute should be JavaScript code that can be executed. Example:

<button id="myButton" onclick="alert(&#39;Clicked&#39;)">Click Me</button>//定义了一个按钮，点击时会显示一个警告框；

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Defining event handlers in HTML can contain specific actions to be performed, or it can call scripts defined elsewhere on the page. Example:

<button id="myButton" onclick="showMsg()">Click Me</button>  //点击按钮就会调用showMsg()函数；<script>
    function showMsg() {
      alert(&#39;Hello world!&#39;)
}</script>

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Specifying event handlers through HTML has two disadvantages: 1. Time difference problem, because the user may trigger the corresponding event as soon as the HTML element appears on the page, but at this time the event handler may not have the execution conditions. ; 2. HTML and JavaScript codes are tightly coupled. If you want to change the event handler, you must change the HTML code and JavaScript code.

DOM0-level event handler

The traditional way to specify an event handler through JavaScript is to assign a function to an event handler property. Each element has its own event handler attribute, which is usually all lowercase, such as onclick. By setting the value of this attribute to a function, you can specify an event handler, example:

 var btn = document.getElementById(&#39;myButton&#39;);
  btn.onclick = function() {
    alert("Clicked")
  }

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使用DOM0级方法指定的事件处理程序被认为是元素的方法。因此，这时候事件处理程序是在元素的作用域中运行；换句话说，程序中的this引用当前元素。
也可以通过DOM0级方法删除事件处理程序，示例：

btn.onclick = null;   //删除事件处理程序；
DOM2级事件处理程序

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DOM2级事件定义了两个方法，用于处理指定和删除事件处理程序的操作：addEventListener()和removeEventListener()。所有DOM节点都包含这两个方法，并且它们都接受3个参数：要处理的事件名、作为事件处理程序的函数和一个布尔值。最后的布尔值如果是true，表示在捕获阶段调用事件处理程序；如果是false，表示在冒泡阶段调用事件处理程序。示例：

 var btn = document.getElementById(&#39;myButton&#39;);  //为按钮添加了click事件和处理程序；
  btn.addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;,function() {
    alert(this.id)
  }，false)

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与DOM0级方法一样，这里添加的事件处理程序也是在其依附的元素的作用域中运行的。使用DOM2级方法添加事件处理程序可以添加多个事件处理程序，示例：

 var btn = document.getElementById(&#39;myButton&#39;);  //为按钮添加了多个click事件和处理程序；
  btn.addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;,function() {
    alert(this.id);
  }，false);  var btn = document.getElementById(&#39;myButton&#39;);  ；
  btn.addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;,function() {
    alert(&#39;hello world!&#39;);
  }，false);

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这里为按钮添加了2个事件处理程序。这两个事件处理程序会按照添加它们的顺序触发。
通过addEventListener()添加的事件处理程序只能用removeEventListener()来移除；移除时传入的参数与添加处理程序时使用的参数相同，意味着addEventListener()添加的匿名函数无法移除：

//该代码无法运行；btn.removeEventListener(&#39;click&#39;,function() {
  alert(this.id);
}，false);
//该代码工作正常；//removeEventListener()和addEventListener()使用了相同函数；var btn = document.getElementById(&#39;myButton&#39;); 
  var function handler() {
    alert(this.id);
  }
btn.addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;,handler,false);
btn.removeEventListener(&#39;click&#39;,handler,false);

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