Detailed explanation of PHP late static binding analysis and application

<?php
class A{
 const H = &#39;A&#39;;

 const J = &#39;A&#39;;

 static function testSelf(){
  echo self::H; //在编译阶段就确定了 self解析为 A
 }
}

class B extends A{
 const H = "B";

 const J = &#39;B&#39;;

 static function testParent(){
  echo parent::J; //在编译阶段就确定了 parent解析为A
 }

 /* 若重写testSelf则能输出“B”, 且C::testSelf()也是输出“B”
 static function testSelf(){
  echo self::H;
 }
 */

}

class C extends B{
 const H = "C";

 const J = &#39;C&#39;;
}

B::testParent();
B::testSelf();

echo "\n";

C::testParent();
C::testSelf();

<?php
function test()
{
 static $count = 0;

 $count++;
 echo $count;
 if ($count < 10) {
  test();
 }
 $count--;
}

<?php
class Foo {
 public static function aStaticMethod() {
  // ...
 }
}

Foo::aStaticMethod();
$classname = &#39;Foo&#39;;
$classname::aStaticMethod(); // 自PHP 5.3.0后，可以通过变量引用类
?>

<?php
class Foo
{
 public static $my_static = &#39;foo&#39;;

 public function staticValue() {
  return self::$my_static; //self 即 FOO类
 }
}

class Bar extends Foo
{
 public function fooStatic() {
  return parent::$my_static; //parent 即 FOO类
 }
}

print Foo::$my_static . "\n";

$foo = new Foo();
print $foo->staticValue() . "\n";
print $foo->my_static . "\n";  // Undefined "Property" my_static 

print $foo::$my_static . "\n";
$classname = &#39;Foo&#39;;
print $classname::$my_static . "\n"; // As of PHP 5.3.0

print Bar::$my_static . "\n";
$bar = new Bar();
print $bar->fooStatic() . "\n";
?>

<?php
class A {
 public static function foo() {
  echo __CLASS__."\n";
  static::who();
 }

 public static function who() {
  echo __CLASS__."\n";
 }
}

class B extends A {
 public static function test() {
  echo "A::foo()\n";
  A::foo();
  echo "parent::foo()\n";
  parent::foo();
  echo "self::foo()\n";
  self::foo();
 }

 public static function who() {
  echo __CLASS__."\n";
 }
}

class C extends B {
 public static function who() {
  echo __CLASS__."\n";
 }
}

C::test();

/*
 * C::test(); //非转发调用 ，进入test()调用后，“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为C
 *
 * //当前的“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为C
 * public static function test() {
 *  A::foo(); //非转发调用， 进入foo()调用后，“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为A，然后实际执行代码A::foo(), 转 0-0
 *  parent::foo(); //转发调用， 进入foo()调用后，“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为C， 此处的parent解析为A ,转1-0
 *  self::foo(); //转发调用， 进入foo()调用后，“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为C， 此处self解析为B, 转2-0
 * }
 *
 *
 * 0-0
 * //当前的“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为A
 * public static function foo() {
 *  static::who(); //转发调用， 因为当前的“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为A， 故实际执行代码A::who(),即static代表A，进入who()调用后，“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名依然为A，因此打印 “A”
 * }
 *
 * 1-0
 * //当前的“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为C
 * public static function foo() {
 *  static::who(); //转发调用， 因为当前的“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为C， 故实际执行代码C::who(),即static代表C，进入who()调用后，“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名依然为C，因此打印 “C”

 * }
 *
 * 2-0
 * //当前的“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为C
 * public static function foo() {
 *  static::who(); //转发调用， 因为当前的“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名为C， 故实际执行代码C::who(),即static代表C，进入who()调用后，“上一次非转发调用”存储的类名依然为C，因此打印 “C”
 * }
 */


故最终结果为：
A::foo()
A
A
parent::foo()
A
C
self::foo()
A
C

<?php
class Mango {
 function classname(){
  return __CLASS__;
 }

 function selfname(){
  return self::classname();
 }

 function staticname(){
  return static::classname();
 }
}

class Orange extends Mango {
 function parentname(){
  return parent::classname();
 }

 function classname(){
  return __CLASS__;
 }
}

class Apple extends Orange {
 function parentname(){
  return parent::classname();
 }

 function classname(){
  return __CLASS__;
 }
}

$apple = new Apple();
echo $apple->selfname() . "\n";
echo $apple->parentname() . "\n";
echo $apple->staticname();

?>

运行结果：
Mango
Orange
Apple

<?php
class Mango
{
 const NAME = &#39;Mango is&#39;;
 public static function fruit() {
  $args = func_get_args();
  echo static::NAME, " " . join(&#39; &#39;, $args) . "\n";
 }
}

class Orange extends Mango
{
 const NAME = &#39;Orange is&#39;;

 public static function fruit() {
  echo self::NAME, "\n";

  forward_static_call(array(&#39;Mango&#39;, &#39;fruit&#39;), &#39;my&#39;, &#39;favorite&#39;, &#39;fruit&#39;);
  forward_static_call(&#39;fruit&#39;, &#39;my&#39;, &#39;father\&#39;s&#39;, &#39;favorite&#39;, &#39;fruit&#39;);
 }
}

Orange::fruit(&#39;NO&#39;);

function fruit() {
 $args = func_get_args();
 echo "Apple is " . join(&#39; &#39;, $args). "\n";
}

?>


运行结果：
Orange is
Orange is my favorite fruit
Apple is my father&#39;s favorite fruit

<?php


class Mango {
 static public function fruit() {
  echo get_called_class() . "\n";
 }
}

class Orange extends Mango {
 //
}

Mango::fruit();
Orange::fruit();

?>



运行结果：
Mango
Orange

<?php
// new self 得到的单例都为A。
class A
{
 protected static $_instance = null;

 protected function __construct()
 {
  //disallow new instance
 }

 protected function __clone(){
  //disallow clone
 }

 static public function getInstance()
 {
  if (self::$_instance === null) {
   self::$_instance = new self();
  }
  return self::$_instance;
 }
}

class B extends A
{
 protected static $_instance = null;
}

class C extends A{
 protected static $_instance = null;
}

$a = A::getInstance();
$b = B::getInstance();
$c = C::getInstance();

var_dump($a);
var_dump($b);
var_dump($c);




运行结果：
E:\code\php_test\apply\self.php:37:
class A#1 (0) {
}
E:\code\php_test\apply\self.php:38:
class A#1 (0) {
}
E:\code\php_test\apply\self.php:39:
class A#1 (0) {
}

<?php
// new static 得到的单例分别为D，E和F。
class D
{
 protected static $_instance = null;

 protected function __construct(){}
 protected function __clone()
 {
  //disallow clone
 }

 static public function getInstance()
 {
  if (static::$_instance === null) {
   static::$_instance = new static();
  }
  return static::$_instance;
 }
}

class E extends D
{
 protected static $_instance = null;
}

class F extends D{
 protected static $_instance = null;
}

$d = D::getInstance();
$e = E::getInstance();
$f = F::getInstance();

var_dump($d);
var_dump($e);
var_dump($f);




运行结果：
E:\code\php_test\apply\static.php:35:
class D#1 (0) {
}
E:\code\php_test\apply\static.php:36:
class E#2 (0) {
}
E:\code\php_test\apply\static.php:37:
class F#3 (0) {
}