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Oracle安装(2)通过SHELL脚本快速安装Oracle11gR2软件

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Release： 2016-06-07 15:31:02
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经常在手上要搭建一堆测试环境，Oracle软件装来装去的，重复步骤做得很烦。解决这种问题，用虚拟机克隆是一种方法。我这里用脚本搞定一些重复性的动作也是一种方法。我分四个脚本来做。 一。检查服务器配置及是否缺少必须的包。 二。脚本化自动化配置系统参

          经常在手上要搭建一堆测试环境，Oracle软件装来装去的，重复步骤做得很烦。解决这种问题，用虚拟机克隆是一种方法。我这里用脚本搞定一些重复性的动作也是一种方法。我分四个脚本来做。

                        一。检查服务器配置及是否缺少必须的包。

                        二。脚本化自动化配置系统参数，并提供undo功能。

                        三。脚本化配置全局和Oracle用户的环境变量。

                        四。通过脚本静黙安装Oracle软件

            自动化脚本能省我不少事，中间只有很少一些步骤需要手工操作。 脚本内容仅供参考，还是要以官方指南和实际环境为准。

环境： 仅针对 Oracle 11gR2 for Linux 平台


一。 检查服务器配置及是否缺少必须的包

############################
#
#author:xiongchuanliang
#create date:2012-12-25
#desc:
############################
#Oracle 11g
####################################################################################
#To determine the distribution and version of Linux installed.
cat /proc/version
#To determine whether the required kernel is installed.
uname -r
#On Linux x86-64
# At least 4 GB of RAM
    grep MemTotal /proc/meinfo
#To determine the size of the configured swap space,enter the following command:
  grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
####################################################################################
#Checking the Software Requirements
####################################################################################
#Package Requirements
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
ksh \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel
#yum install unixODBC
#yum install unixODBC-devel
####################################################################################
#To determine if the Oracle Inventory group exit
grep oinstall /etc/group
#To determine whether the oraInstall.loc file exists.
cat /etc/oraInst.loc
####################################################################################
Copy after login

  上面部份列出操作系统环境，中间是检查包，后面通过检查文件看是否有装过,用cat如果存在，能列出文件内容。


二。脚本化自动化配置系统参数，并提供undo功能。

2.1 脚本分三部份

    a. 用于创建安装Oracle的相关组和用户

            b.用于创建软件安装目录，并授权

            c.用于配置相关的系统参数，并在最后显示其内容以供检查

#! /bin/sh
############################
#
#author:xiongchuanliang
#create date:2012-12-25
#desc: Oracle 11g for Linux
############################
######################################
DATE=`date +%Y+%m+%d`
mkdir /bak
#Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users
groupadd -g 507 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
groupadd -g 505 asmoper
groupadd -g 506 asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d /home/oracle oracle
useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
id oracle
id grid
passwd oracle
passwd grid
######################################
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/crs_base
mkdir -p /u01/app/crs_home
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/crs*
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/
ls -al /u01
######################################
#CheckResource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users
yes|cp /etc/security/limits.conf /bak/bak_limits.conf
#Installation Owner Resource Limit Recommended Ranges
echo "#xcl "${DATE} >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
###########
#aio
yes|cp /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr /bak/aio-max-nr
echo > /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr 1048576
###########
#Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux
yes|cp /etc/sysctl.conf /bak/sysctl.conf
echo " ########### " >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "#xcl "${DATE} >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax = 536870912" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
/sbin/sysctl -p
###########
cp /etc/pam.d/login /bak/login
#64bit
echo "#xcl "${DATE} >> /etc/pam.d/login
echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
#32bit
#session required pam_limits.so
######################################
#Limits
cat /etc/security/limits.conf
#AIO
cat /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
#pam_limits.so
cat /etc/pam.d/login
#Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values
cat /etc/sysctl.conf
######################################
Copy after login

      注意:

          /etc/sysctl.conf 文件中已有的参数,如kernel.shmmax和kernel.shmmni之类,要注释掉或直接在上面更改
         例子中的参数为Oracle安装说明上的例子,实际中要以服务器实际配置为准. 如果不能准确确定具体值，在Oracle安装向导的第9步,对有误的参数向导也会给出参考值.


2.2 除了上面脚本自动处理的部份，还有一部份我没写到脚本中去，是需要手工操作的。 

#给host加上ip 主机名，em会用到
cat /etc/hosts
hosts:
xx.xx.xx.xx	erpdbserver.com	erpdbserver
#设置本机主机名，要和/etc/hosts中设置的主机名对应
/etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=erpdbserver

#手工决定是否操作
#禁用网络时间服务
service ntpd stop
chkconfig ntpd off

#永久关闭防火墙
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
Copy after login


 2.2 针对上面的脚本，如果发现有误，因为上面脚本在更改相关文件时，都有做备份，可以利用下面的脚本更改回来.

脚本内容主要是删除用户和组，并将备份还原回去。

#! /bin/sh
############################
#
#author:xiongchuanliang
#create date:2012-12-25
#desc: Oracle 11g for Linux
############################
######################################
yes|cp /bak/bak_limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf
yes|cp /bak/aio-max-nr /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
yes|cp /bak/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf
/sbin/sysctl -p
yes|cp /bak/login /etc/pam.d/login
######################################
userdel oinstall
userdel dba
userdel oper
userdel asmadmin
userdel asmoper
userdel asmdba
groupdel dba
groupdel oper
groupdel asmadmin
groupdel asmoper
groupdel asmdba
######################################
#Limits
cat /etc/security/limits.conf
#AIO
cat /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
#pam_limits.so
cat /etc/pam.d/login
#Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values
cat /etc/sysctl.conf
#SELINUX=disabled
cat /etc/selinux/config
ls /home
######################################
Copy after login

三。脚本化配置全局和Oracle用户的环境变量。

3.1配置环境变量的脚本

将脚本中的相关变量更改成所需后运行即可。有精力的改成应答式也很容易。

#! /bin/sh
############################
#
#author:xiongchuanliang
#create date:2012-12-25
#desc: User specific environment and startup programs
############################
DATE=`date +%Y-%m-%d`
env_etc_profile="/etc/profile"
env_profile="/home/oracle/.bash_profile"
######################################
env_ORACLE_HOSTNAME="erpdbserver"
env_ORACLE_OWNER="oracle"
env_ORACLE_BASE="/u01/app/oracle"
env_ORACLE_HOME="/product/11.2.0/db_1"
env_ORACLE_UNQNAME="xcldb"
env_ORACLE_SID="xcldb"
#AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
env_NLS_LANG="AMMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
######################################
yes|cp ${env_etc_profile} ${env_etc_profile}"_bak"
yes|cp ${env_profile} ${env_profile}"_bak"
######################################
echo " " >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo "###########################" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo "###xcl "${DATE} >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo "if [ \$USER = \"oracle\" ]; then" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo " if [ \$SHELL = \"/bin/ksh\" ]; then" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo " ulimit -p 16384" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo " ulimit -n 65536" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo " else" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo " ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo " fi" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo "fi" >> ${env_etc_profile}
echo "###########################" >> ${env_etc_profile}
######################################
echo "###########################" >> ${env_profile}
echo "###xcl "${DATE} >> ${env_profile}
echo "TMP=/tmp" >> ${env_profile}
echo "TMPDIR=\$TMP" >> ${env_profile}
echo "export TMP TMPDIR" >> ${env_profile}
echo " " >> ${env_profile}
#export ORACLE_HOSTNAME="${env_ORACLE_HOSTNAME} >> ${env_profile}
echo "ORACLE_OWNER="${env_ORACLE_OWNER} >> ${env_profile}
echo "ORACLE_BASE="${env_ORACLE_BASE} >> ${env_profile}
echo "ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE"${env_ORACLE_HOME} >> ${env_profile}
echo "ORACLE_UNQNAME="${env_ORACLE_UNQNAME} >> ${env_profile}
echo "ORACLE_SID="${env_ORACLE_SID} >> ${env_profile}
echo "export ORACLE_OWNER ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_UNQNAME ORACLE_SID" >> ${env_profile}
echo " " >> ${env_profile}
echo "CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" >> ${env_profile}
echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib" >> ${env_profile}
echo "export CLASSPATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >> ${env_profile}
echo " " >> ${env_profile}
echo "ORACLE_TERM=xterm" >> ${env_profile}
#export ORACLE_TERM=vt100
echo "NLS_LANG="${env_NLS_LANG} >> ${env_profile}
echo "TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin" >> ${env_profile}
#echo "SQLPATH=~/mydba/sql:\$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin" >> ${env_profile}
#echo "export ORACLE_TERM NLS_LANG TNS_ADMIN SQLPATH" >> ${env_profile}
echo "export ORACLE_TERM NLS_LANG TNS_ADMIN " >> ${env_profile}
echo " " >> ${env_profile}
echo "PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:\$PATH" >> ${env_profile}
echo "export PATH" >> ${env_profile}
echo " " >> ${env_profile}
#echo "PS1='\`whoami\`@\`hostname -s\`' [\$PWD]" >> ${env_profile}
#echo "export PS1" >> ${env_profile}
echo "PS1='[\`whoami\`@\`hostname -s\`] :'" >> ${env_profile}
echo " " >> ${env_profile}
echo "umask 022" >> ${env_profile}
echo "###########################" >> ${env_profile}
echo ""
Copy after login

3.2 配置后使环境变量即时生效

  source /home/oracle/.bash_profile


四。通过脚本静黙安装Oracle软件

静默安装前，准备后安装有响应文件，设置好参数。

a. 响应文件:

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=xclora.localdomain
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
Copy after login

 b. 运行Oracle安装命令，等待安装完成即可。

在静默安装前，先手工创建oraInst.loc文件

vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

不然会报下面的错误 
[oracle@xclora] :SEVERE:OUI-10182:The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file, or the process is not the super-user; the system indicates that super-user privilege is required.
[FATAL] [INS-10008] Session initialization failed
   CAUSE: An unexpected error occured while initializing the session.
   ACTION: Contact Oracle Support Services or refer logs
   SUMMARY:

执行安装：

./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -force -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_install.rsp

c. 如果不少包，且配置参数正确的话，安装命令最后会出现一个提示，让你在另一个会话，用root用户运行脚本。

     出现的提示，把脚本在另一会话中用root用户执行即可完成整个数据库
  软件的最后安装。

[oracle@xclora] :The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
 #!/bin/sh
 #Root scripts to run
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
         1. Open a terminal window
         2. Log in as "root"
         3. Run the scripts
         4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Copy after login

   至此，通过4个脚本，即可完成了数据库软件的安装工作。脚本没加交互功能，但足以应付我平常安装用了。


MAIL: xcl_168@aliyun.com

BLOG: http://blog.csdn.net/xcl168




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