hive元数据库配置、metadata
一、什么是hive元数据? hive元数据就是hive的一些基本的元素,主要包括hive表的基本属性,如下 (1)hive表的数据库名、表名、字段名称与类型、分区字段与类型 (2)表的分区,分区的属性location等 (3)serdeproperties, tblproperties等等 可以通过 desc
一、什么是hive元数据? hive元数据就是hive的一些基本的元素,主要包括hive表的基本属性,如下 (1)hive表的数据库名、表名、字段名称与类型、分区字段与类型 (2)表的分区,分区的属性location等 (3)serdeproperties, tblproperties等等 可以通过 desc formatted tablename 查看表有哪些属性 二、hive默认元数据库Derby(嵌入模式) hive-default.xml通过如下配置设置<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name> <value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value> <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value> <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
property> Apache Derby非常小巧,核心部分derby.jar只有2M,所以既可以做为单独的数据库服务器使用,也可以内嵌在应用程序中使用。所以hive采用了Derby作为一个内嵌的元数据库,可以完成hive安装的简单测试。 hive安装完成之后,就可以在hive shell中执行一些基本的操作,创建表、查询等等。如果你细心的话,就会发现一个问题: 当在某个目录下启动终端,进入hive shell时,hive默认会在当前目录下生成一个derby文件和一个metastore_db目录,这两个文件主要保存刚刚在shell中操作的一些sql的结果,比如新建的表、添加的分区等等 这种存储方式的带来弊端 1.在同一个目录下同时只能有一个hive客户端能使用数据库 2.切换目录启动新的shell,无法查看之前创建的表,不能实现表数据的共享 三、使用mysql作为元数据库 由于使用默认的元数据库有些弊端,所以采用mysql保存hive元数据解决上面的问题。hive所有的元数据都保存在同一个库里,这样不同开发者创建的表可以实现共享。
mysql配置又分为几种情况: (1)mysql部署在hive服务器,使用本地服务(测试、学习使用)

(2)mysql部署在其他机器,hive服务器开启metadata服务,在hive服务器上操作hive

(3)mysql部署在其他机器,hive服务器开启metadata服务,在hive客户端访问hive的metadata服务

配置mysql: 配置mysql时,首先要把mysql-jdbc-driver.jar拷贝到$HIVE_HOME/lib目录下,修改hive-default.xml名字为hive-site.xml 第一种情况,hive-site.xml配置如下
<property> <name>hive.metastore.local</name> <value>true</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name> <value>hive</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name> <value>password</value> </property> 第二种情况,hive-site.xml配置 <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name> <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.1:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name> <value>hive</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name> <value>password</value> </property> <property> <name>hive.metastore.local</name> <value>false</value> </property> <property> <name>hive.metastore.uris</name> <value>thrift://192.168.0.101:9083</value> </property> 第三种情况,hive-site.xml配置 1、 服务端配置 <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name> <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.214:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name> <value>hive</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name> <value>password</value> </property> 2、客户端配置 <property> <name>hive.metastore.local</name> <value>false</value> </property> <property> <name>hive.metastore.uris</name> <value>thrift://192.168.0.101:9083</value> </property> 在使用hive开始前,如果mysql是部署在远端且 hive.metastore.local=false 则需要启动hive的metadata服务 $ hive --service metastore 客户端使用hive命令即可 root@local:~$ hive hive> show tables; OK Time taken: 0.7 seconds hive>

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