Linux下MySQL的一些基本使用方法
1]Linux下如何创建mysqld数据库的管理用户？数据库安装好后，我们应该为mysql数据库创建一个管理帐号。要把root用户设置为管理员
1]Linux下如何创建mysqld数据库的管理用户？
数据库安装好后，我们应该为mysql数据库创建一个管理帐号。要把root用户设置为管理员，我们应该运行下面的命令；
[root@linuxsir01 root]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456
[root@linuxsir01 root]#
通过上面的命令，我们可以知道，mysql数据库的管理员是root，密码是123456。
2]如何进入mysql数据库？以mysql数据库管理员root，密码为123456为例；
[root@linuxsir01 root]#/opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456
输出上面的命令后，出现的是如下的提示；
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6 to server version: 3.23.58
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql>
注意：操作这些命令的时候，应该把mysqld服务器打开。这些新手兄弟早就知道了吧：)
3]如何在数据库中操作命令呢，我想这是mysql手册都有的，我主要说几个要注意的地方。其实我也会不了几个命令。如果自己想学的弟兄，也不是什么难事；在windows中操作过mysql的，其实在这里也是一样的，mysql是跨平台的数据库，，用法都是相同的。
在mysql数据库中，每操作一个命令，都是;号结尾的，可能有的新手弟兄，忘记输入了；号结尾，结果退不出来。:):)
1]查看mysql中都有哪些数据库？
代码:
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| mysql |
| test
|
+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
在mysql安装好，设置好管理员后，第一次进入系统，我们用show databases;命令查看数据库的列表，发现有两个数据库，mysql和test，这是系统自建的，是让大家练习用的。
4]如何创建和删除一个数据库？
比如我要创建一个名为linux的数据库，应该运行如下命令
mysql> create database [数据库名];
所以我们应该运行如下的命令，来创建名为linux的数据库
mysql> create database linux;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
是不是建好了呢？？肯定是建好了，因为都有OK了:)
查看是不是有linux这个数据库了呢？
代码:
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| linux |
| mysql |
| test
|
+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
那我们如何删除一个数据库呢？？
mysql> drop database [数据库名];
比如我们要把刚才创建的linux数据库删除，应该用下面的命令；
mysql> drop database linux;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
是不是已经删除了呢？？
代码:
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| mysql |
| test
|
+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
5]如何操作一个数据库呢，这个问题就比较多了，建议还是看一下mysql的手册吧。里面的东西太多了。如果操作一个数据库，首先是要指定一个数据库为当前数据库，应该用use命令
mysql>use [数据库];
比如我想指定linux这个数据库为当前数据库，应该是
mysql> use linux;
Database changed
mysql>
6]如何备份数据库？？
比如我们要备份mysql中已经存在的名为linux的数据库，要用到命令mysqldump
命令格式如下：
[root@linuxsir01 root]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p linux > /root/linux.sql
Enter password:在这里输入数据库的密码
通过上面的命令，我们要明白两件事，首先备份数据库是要以数据库管理员的身份备份；其次：备份目的地是/root，备份的文件名是linux.sql。其实备份的位置和文件名，根据自己的情况来定。文件名可以自己来取，路径也可以自己来安排；
比如我想把linux的数据库备份到/home/beinan，数据库的文件名为linuxsir031130.sql，所以应该输入如下的命令。
[root@linuxsir01 root]#/opt/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p linux > /home/beinan/linuxsir031130.sql
Enter password:在这里输入数据库管理员root的数据库密码
这样我们到/home/beinan目录下就能发现mysql中名为linux的数据库的备份文件linuxsir031130.sql
综上所述，我们学习时要学会变通。:):)
5]如何把把备份的数据库导入到数据库中？
首先我们还是要操作上面几个过程，比如添加数据库管理员(如果您没有添加过mysql数据库管理员的话)，创建数据库等。
比如我们要把在/home/beinan这个目录中的linuxsir031130.sql这个备份，导入名为linux的数据库中，应该如下操作；
[root@linuxsir01 root]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p linux Enter password:在这里输入密码
如果机器好，数据库比较小，几分钟就好了。
6]其它一些比较常用的mysql指令；
查看状态
mysql> show status;
查看进程
代码:
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host
| db | Command | Time | State | Info
|
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 16 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
查看表，应该先指定一个数据库为当前数据库；比如是名为linux的数据库；
mysql>use linux;
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
7]对mysql数据库常用命令的一点补充；
几个常用的mysql相关的管理命令
mysql 命令：基本文本的，显示和使用的mysql数据库。前面已经简单的提过用法；比如登录等。
mysqladmin 命令，用来创建和维护mysql数据库的命令，前面已经简单的提过；
isamchk 是用来修复、检查和优化.ism后缀的数据库文件；
mysqldump 是用于备份数据库，前面已经简单的说明过；
myisamchk 用来修复.myi后缀的数据库文件；
比如我们要检查名为linux的数据库.myi数据库表是否存在问题，应该用下面的命令；
要把mysqld服务器停下来
[root@linuxsir01 root]# /opt/mysql/share/mysql.server stop
然后执行
[root@linuxsir01 root]# /opt/mysql/bin/myisamchk /opt/mysql/var/linux/*.MYI
上面的命令的意思就是检查所有的.myi文件，数据库的目录在/opt/mysql/var/linux/目录中
如果有问题，应该用-r参数来修复
[root@linuxsir01 root]# /opt/mysql/bin/myisamchk -r /opt/mysql/var/linux/*.MYI
6]mysqlshow 命令：显示用户选择的数据库和表
[root@linuxsir01 root]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqlshow -uroot -p [数据库名]
比如我要查看名为linux的数据库；应该是：
[root@linuxsir01 root]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqlshow -uroot -p linux
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