PHP数据压缩、加解密(pack, unpack)
网络通信、文件存储中经常需要交换数据，为了减少网络通信流量、文件存储大小以及加密通信规则，经常需要对数据进行双向加解密以保证数据的安全。
PHP中实现此功能主要需要使用的函数主要是pack及unpack函数
pack
压缩资料到位字符串之中。
语法: string pack(string format, mixed [args]...);
返回值: 字符串
本函数用来将资料压缩打包到位的字符串之中。
a - NUL- 字符串填满[padded string] 将字符串空白以 NULL 字符填满
A - SPACE- 字符串填满[padded string]
h – 十六进制字符串，低“四位元”[low nibble first] (低位在前)
H - 十六进制字符串，高“四位元”[high nibble first](高位在前)
c – 带有符号的字符
C – 不带有符号的字符
s – 带有符号的短模式[short]（通常是16位，按机器字节顺序）
S – 不带有符号的短模式[short]（通常是16位，按机器字节排序）
n -不带有符号的短模式[short]（通常是16位，按大endian字节排序）
v -不带有符号的短模式[short]（通常是16位，按小endian字节排序）
i – 带有符号的整数（由大小和字节顺序决定）
I – 不带有符号的整数（由大小和字节顺序决定）
l– 带有符号的长模式[long]（通常是32位，按机器字节顺序）
L – 不带有符号的长模式[long]（通常是32位，按机器字节顺序）
N – 不带有符号的长模式[long]（通常是32位，按大edian字节顺序）
V– 不带有符号的长模式[long]（通常是32位，按小edian字节顺序）
f –浮点（由大小和字节顺序决定）
d – 双精度（由大小和字节顺序决定）
x – 空字节[NUL byte]
X- 后面一个字节[Back up one byte](倒回一位)
unpack
解压缩位字符串资料。
语法: string pack(string format, mixed [args]...);
返回值: 数组
本函数用来将位的字符串的资料解压缩。本函数和 Perl 的同名函数功能用法完全相同。
案例一、pack实现缩减文件数据存储大小
[php]
//存储整数1234567890
file_put_contents("test.txt", 1234567890);
//存储整数1234567890
file_put_contents("test.txt", 1234567890);此时test.txt的文件大小是10byte。注意此时文件大小是10字节，实际占用空间大小是1KB。
上面存储的整数实际是以字符串形式存储于文件test.txt中。
但如果以整数的二进制字符串存jy储，将会缩减至4byte。
[php]
print_r(unpack("i", file_get_contents("test.txt")));
print_r(unpack("i", file_get_contents("test.txt")));
案例二、数据加密
以字符串形式存储一段有意义数据，7-110-abcdefg-117。
字符"-"分割后，第一位表示字符串长度，第二位表示存储位置，第三位表示实际存储的字符串，第四位表示结尾位置。
[php]
file_put_contents("test.txt", "7-110-abcdefg-117");
file_put_contents("test.txt", "7-110-abcdefg-117");
上述方法缺点：
一、数据存储大小
二、数据以明文方式存储，如果是任何敏感信息，都可能造成不安全访问。
三、文件存储大小，以不规则方式递增。
加密：
[php]
file_put_contents("test.txt", pack("i2a7i1", 7, 110, "abcdefg", 117));
file_put_contents("test.txt", pack("i2a7i1", 7, 110, "abcdefg", 117));
存储一段数据，加密格式为：整数2位长度字符串10位长度整数1位长度。
优点：
一、数据大小最优化
二、在不知道"i2a7i1"这样的压缩格式时，即使拿到文件，也无法正确读出二进制文件转化为明文。
三、数据增加时，文件存储大小是等量递增。每次都是以19byte递增。
案例三、key-value型文件存储www.2cto.com
存储生成的文件为两个：索引文件，数据文件
文件中数据存储的格式如下图：
代码实现：
[php]
error_reporting(E_ALL);
class fileCacheException extends Exception{
}
//Key-Value型文件存储
class fileCache{
private $_file_header_size = 14;
private $_file_index_name;
private $_file_data_name;
private $_file_index;//索引文件句柄
private $_file_data;//数据文件句柄
private $_node_struct;//索引结点结构体
private $_inx_node_size = 36;//索引结点大小
public function __construct($file_index="filecache_index.dat", $file_data="filecache_data.dat"){
$this->_node_struct = array(
'next'=>array(1, 'V'),
'prev'=>array(1, 'V'),
'data_offset'=>array(1,'V'),//数据存储起始位置
'data_size'=>array(1,'V'),//数据长度
'ref_count'=>array(1,'V'),//引用此处，模仿PHP的引用计数销毁模式
'key'=>array(16,'H*'),//存储KEY
);
$this->_file_index_name = $file_index;
$this->_file_data_name = $file_data;
if(!file_exists($this->_file_index_name)){
$this->_create_index();
}else{
$this->_file_index = fopen($this->_file_index_name, "rb+");
}
if(!file_exists($this->_file_data_name)){
$this->_create_data();
}else{
$this->_file_data = fopen($this->_file_data_name, "rb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
}
}
//创建索引文件
private function _create_index(){
$this->_file_index = fopen($this->_file_index_name, "wb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
if(!$this->_file_index)
throw new fileCacheException("Could't open index file:".$this->_file_index_name);
$this->_index_puts(0, '');//定位文件流至起始位置0, 放置php标记防止下载
$this->_index_puts($this->_file_header_size, pack("V1", 0));
}
//创建存储文件
private function _create_data(){
$this->_file_data = fopen($this->_file_data_name, "wb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
if(!$this->_file_index)
throw new fileCacheException("Could't open index file:".$this->_file_data_name);
$this->_data_puts(0, '');//定位文件流至起始位置0, 放置php标记防止下载
}
private function _index_puts($offset, $data, $length=false){
fseek($this->_file_index, $offset);
if($length)
fputs($this->_file_index, $data, $length);
else
fputs($this->_file_index, $data);
}
private function _data_puts($offset, $data, $length=false){
fseek($this->_file_data, $offset);
if($length)
fputs($this->_file_data, $data, $length);
else
fputs($this->_file_data, $data);
}
/**
* 文件锁
* @param $is_block 是否独占、阻塞锁
*/
private function _lock($file_res, $is_block=true){
flock($file_res, $is_block ? LOCK_EX : LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
}
private function _unlock($file_res){
flock($file_res, LOCK_UN);
}
public function add($key, $value){
$key = md5($key);
$value = serialize($value);
$this->_lock($this->_file_index, true);
$this->_lock($this->_file_data, true);
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size);
list(, $index_count) = unpack('V1', fread($this->_file_index, 4));
$data_size = filesize($this->_file_data_name);
fseek($this->_file_data, $data_size);
$value_size = strlen($value);
$this->_data_puts(filesize($this->_file_data_name), $value);
$node_data =
pack("V1V1V1V1V1H32", ($index_count==0) ? 0 : $index_count*$this->_inx_node_size, 0, filesize($this->_file_data_name), strlen($value), 0, $key);
$index_count++;
$this->_index_puts($this->_file_header_size, $index_count, 4);
$this->_index_puts($this->get_new_node_pos($index_count), $node_data);
$this->_unlock($this->_file_data);
$this->_unlock($this->_file_index);
}
public function get_new_node_pos($index_count){
return $this->_file_header_size + 4 + $this->_inx_node_size * ($index_count-1);
}
public function get_node($key){
$key = md5($key);
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size);
$index_count = fread($this->_file_index, 4);
if($index_count>0) {
for ($i=0; $i
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size + 4 + $this->_inx_node_size * $i);
$data = fread($this->_file_index, $this->_inx_node_size);
$node = unpack("V1next/V1prev/V1data_offset/V1data_size/V1ref_count/H32key", $data);
if($key == $node['key']){
return $node;
}
}
}else{
return null;
}
}
public function get_data($offset, $length){
fseek($this->_file_data, $offset);
return unserialize(fread($this->_file_data, $length));
}
}
//使用方法
$cache = new fileCache();
$cache->add('abcdefg' , 'testabc');
$data = $cache->get_node('abcdefg');
print_r($data);
echo $cache->get_data($data['data_offset'], $data['data_size']);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
class fileCacheException extends Exception{
}
//Key-Value型文件存储
class fileCache{
private $_file_header_size = 14;
private $_file_index_name;
private $_file_data_name;
private $_file_index;//索引文件句柄
private $_file_data;//数据文件句柄
private $_node_struct;//索引结点结构体
private $_inx_node_size = 36;//索引结点大小
public function __construct($file_index="filecache_index.dat", $file_data="filecache_data.dat"){
$this->_node_struct = array(
'next'=>array(1, 'V'),
'prev'=>array(1, 'V'),
'data_offset'=>array(1,'V'),//数据存储起始位置
'data_size'=>array(1,'V'),//数据长度
'ref_count'=>array(1,'V'),//引用此处，模仿PHP的引用计数销毁模式
'key'=>array(16,'H*'),//存储KEY
);
$this->_file_index_name = $file_index;
$this->_file_data_name = $file_data;
if(!file_exists($this->_file_index_name)){
$this->_create_index();
}else{
$this->_file_index = fopen($this->_file_index_name, "rb+");
}
if(!file_exists($this->_file_data_name)){
$this->_create_data();
}else{
$this->_file_data = fopen($this->_file_data_name, "rb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
}
}
//创建索引文件
private function _create_index(){
$this->_file_index = fopen($this->_file_index_name, "wb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
if(!$this->_file_index)
throw new fileCacheException("Could't open index file:".$this->_file_index_name);
$this->_index_puts(0, '');//定位文件流至起始位置0, 放置php标记防止下载
$this->_index_puts($this->_file_header_size, pack("V1", 0));
}
//创建存储文件
private function _create_data(){
$this->_file_data = fopen($this->_file_data_name, "wb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
if(!$this->_file_index)
throw new fileCacheException("Could't open index file:".$this->_file_data_name);
$this->_data_puts(0, '');//定位文件流至起始位置0, 放置php标记防止下载
}
private function _index_puts($offset, $data, $length=false){
fseek($this->_file_index, $offset);
if($length)
fputs($this->_file_index, $data, $length);
else
fputs($this->_file_index, $data);
}
private function _data_puts($offset, $data, $length=false){
fseek($this->_file_data, $offset);
if($length)
fputs($this->_file_data, $data, $length);
else
fputs($this->_file_data, $data);
}
/**
* 文件锁
* @param $is_block 是否独占、阻塞锁
*/
private function _lock($file_res, $is_block=true){
flock($file_res, $is_block ? LOCK_EX : LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
}
private function _unlock($file_res){
flock($file_res, LOCK_UN);
}
public function add($key, $value){
$key = md5($key);
$value = serialize($value);
$this->_lock($this->_file_index, true);
$this->_lock($this->_file_data, true);
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size);
list(, $index_count) = unpack('V1', fread($this->_file_index, 4));
$data_size = filesize($this->_file_data_name);
fseek($this->_file_data, $data_size);
$value_size = strlen($value);
$this->_data_puts(filesize($this->_file_data_name), $value);
$node_data =
pack("V1V1V1V1V1H32", ($index_count==0) ? 0 : $index_count*$this->_inx_node_size, 0, filesize($this->_file_data_name), strlen($value), 0, $key);
$index_count++;
$this->_index_puts($this->_file_header_size, $index_count, 4);
$this->_index_puts($this->get_new_node_pos($index_count), $node_data);
$this->_unlock($this->_file_data);
$this->_unlock($this->_file_index);
}
public function get_new_node_pos($index_count){
return $this->_file_header_size + 4 + $this->_inx_node_size * ($index_count-1);
}
public function get_node($key){
$key = md5($key);
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size);
$index_count = fread($this->_file_index, 4);
if($index_count>0) {
for ($i=0; $i
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size + 4 + $this->_inx_node_size * $i);
$data = fread($this->_file_index, $this->_inx_node_size);
$node = unpack("V1next/V1prev/V1data_offset/V1data_size/V1ref_count/H32key", $data);
if($key == $node['key']){
return $node;
}
}
}else{
return null;
}
}
public function get_data($offset, $length){
fseek($this->_file_data, $offset);
return unserialize(fread($this->_file_data, $length));
}
}
//使用方法
$cache = new fileCache();
$cache->add('abcdefg' , 'testabc');
$data = $cache->get_node('abcdefg');
print_r($data);
echo $cache->get_data($data['data_offset'], $data['data_size']);
案例四、socket通信加密
通信双方都定义好加密格式:
例如：
[php]
LOGIN = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN'),
'DATA'=>array('a30', 'HELLO')
);
$LOGOUT = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGOUT'),
'DATA'=>array('a30', 'GOOD BYE')
);
$LOGIN_SUCCESS = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN_SUCCESS'),
'DATA'=>array('V1', 1)
);
$LOGOUT_SUCCESS = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN_SUCCESS'),
'DATA'=>array('V1', time())
);
$LOGIN = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN'),
'DATA'=>array('a30', 'HELLO')
);
$LOGOUT = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGOUT'),
'DATA'=>array('a30', 'GOOD BYE')
);
$LOGIN_SUCCESS = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN_SUCCESS'),
'DATA'=>array('V1', 1)
);
$LOGOUT_SUCCESS = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN_SUCCESS'),
'DATA'=>array('V1', time())
);服务器端与客户端根据解析COMMAND格式，找到对应的DATA解码方式，得到正确的数据
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