PHP多种序列化/反序列化的方法
序列化是将变量转换为可保存或传输的字符串的过程；反序列化就是在适当的时候把这个字符串再转化成原来的变量使用。这两个过程结合起来，可以轻松地存储和传输数据，使程序更具维护性。
1. serialize和unserialize函数
这两个是序列化和反序列化PHP中数据的常用函数。
<?php $a = array('a' => 'Apple' ,'b' => 'banana' , 'c' => 'Coconut'); //序列化数组$s = serialize($a);echo $s;//输出结果：a:3:{s:1:"a";s:5:"Apple";s:1:"b";s:6:"banana";s:1:"c";s:7:"Coconut";}echo '<br><br>';//反序列化$o = unserialize($s);print_r($o);//输出结果 Array ( [a] => Apple [b] => banana [c] => Coconut ) ?>当数组值包含如双引号、单引号或冒号等字符时，它们被反序列化后，可能会出现问题。为了克服这个问题，一个巧妙的技巧是使用base64_encode和base64_decode。
$obj = array();//序列化$s = base64_encode(serialize($obj)); //反序列化$original = unserialize(base64_decode($s));
但是base64编码将增加字符串的长度。为了克服这个问题，可以和gzcompress一起使用。
//定义一个用来序列化对象的函数function my_serialize( $obj ) { return base64_encode(gzcompress(serialize($obj))); } //反序列化function my_unserialize($txt) { return unserialize(gzuncompress(base64_decode($txt))); }2. json_encode 和 json_decode
使用JSON格式序列化和反序列化是一个不错的选择：
$a = array('a' => 'Apple' ,'b' => 'banana' , 'c' => 'Coconut'); //序列化数组$s = json_encode($a);echo $s;//输出结果：{"a":"Apple","b":"banana","c":"Coconut"}echo '<br><br>';//反序列化$o = json_decode($s);在上面的例子中，json_encode输出长度比上个例子中serialize输出长度显然要短。
3. var_export 和 eval
var_export 函数把变量作为一个字符串输出；eval把字符串当成PHP代码来执行，反序列化得到最初变量的内容。
$a = array('a' => 'Apple' ,'b' => 'banana' , 'c' => 'Coconut'); //序列化数组$s = var_export($a , true);echo $s;//输出结果： array ( 'a' => 'Apple', 'b' => 'banana', 'c' => 'Coconut', )echo '<br><br>';//反序列化eval('$my_var=' . $s . ';');print_r($my_var);
4. wddx_serialize_value 和 wddx deserialize
wddx_serialize_value函数可以序列化数组变量，并以XML字符串形式输出。
view source
print ?
$a = array('a' => 'Apple' ,'b' => 'banana' , 'c' => 'Coconut');//序列化数组$s = wddx_serialize_value($a);echo $s;//输出结果（查看输出字符串的源码）：<wddxpacket version="1.0"><header></header><data><struct><var name="a"><string>Apple</string></var><var name="b"><string>banana</string></var><var name="c"><string>Coconut</string></var></struct></data></wddxpacket>echo '<br><br>';//反序列化$o = wddx_deserialize($s);print_r($o);//输出结果：Array ( [a] => Apple [b] => banana 1 => Coconut )
可以看出，XML标签字符较多，导致这种格式的序列化还是占了很多空间。
小结
上述所有的函数在序列化数组变量时都能正常执行，但运用到对象就不同了。例如json_encode序列化对象就会失败。反序列化对象时，unserialize和eval将有不同的效果。
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