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A brief discussion on the characters available for PHP variables_PHP Tutorial

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Release: 2016-07-13 10:32:39
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先来说说php变量的命名规则,百度下一抓一大把:
(1) PHP的变量名区分大小写;
(2) 变量名必须以美元符号$开始;
(3) 变量名开头可以以下划线开始;
(4) 变量名不能以数字字符开头.

其实所有编程都类似的命名规范就是:
1. 变量第一个字符最好是 字母或_,不能以数字开头
2. 第二个字符开始允许 数字,字母,_

好了,差不多就是这样了,但是这不是我们要说的重点。
今天我们说说 PHP 变量的可用字符,不仅仅是 数字,字母,_ 哦。

前几天QQ上一朋友发我一个shell,是加密过的,通篇乱码,不过上面有注释,叫做 “神盾加密” 好霸气的样子。
里面用了一些比较生僻的知识点,其中最明显的就是变量名,所以今天我们先从变量开始讲。

当然网上我也没找到权威的质料强有力的说明PHP的变量名可用字符的信息,所以我只能自己测试了。(英文不好,没办法谷歌到有利的证据)
先来看下我所用的方法,(如果你有更好的方法,希望分享下。)

<?<span php
</span><span if</span> (<span $_POST</span><span ) {
    </span><span $chr</span> = <span chr</span>(<span $_POST</span>['chr'<span ]);
    </span><span eval</span>('$'.<span $chr</span>."=1;"<span );
    </span><span echo</span> 'ok'<span ;
    </span><span exit</span><span ;
}
</span>?>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>test</title>
    <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <script>
    <span for</span>(<span var</span> i = 0x00; i <= 0xFF; i++) { <span //</span><span  0x00 - 0xFF  255个字符</span>
        $.ajaxSettings.async = <span false</span>; <span //</span><span  同步模式, 为了按顺序返回数据</span>
        $.post( "?", {<span chr</span>: i}, (<span function</span> (data) { <span //</span><span  post i 给 php 解析</span>
            data === 'ok' && console.<span log</span>( "\\x"+(i).toString(16) ); <span //</span><span  如果只返回 ok 说明能正常执行,否则会抛出异常</span>
<span         });
    }
    </span></script>
</body>
</html>
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代码还算比较简单,PHP 部分只负责解析每一个字符当作变量名的执行结果是否会抛出溢出。
比如 字符 a 那么会解析 ('$a=1;'); 这样的结果肯定没问题,所以不会抛出异常,返回结果就是 ok 字符。
如果 字符 - 那么会解析 ('$-=1;'); 这明显是不对的,所以会抛出 : syntax error, unexpected '-', expecting T_VARIABLE or '$' 和 ok 字符。
而下面的 ajax 部分者正是利用返回结果是否为 'ok' 而判断是否是有效的变量名。
看看执行后的结果是什么吧:

"\x41, \x42, \x43, \x44, \x45, \x46, \x47, \x48, \x49, \x4a, \x4b, \x4c, \x4d, \x4e, \x4f, \x50, \x51, \x52, \x53, \x54, \x55, \x56, \x57, \x58, \x59, \x5a, \x5f, \x61, \x62, \x63, \x64, \x65, \x66, \x67, \x68, \x69, \x6a, \x6b, \x6c, \x6d, \x6e, \x6f, \x70, \x71, \x72, \x73, \x74, \x75, \x76, \x77, \x78, \x79, \x7a, \x7f, \x80, \x81, \x82, \x83, \x84, \x85, \x86, \x87, \x88, \x89, \x8a, \x8b, \x8c, \x8d, \x8e, \x8f, \x90, \x91, \x92, \x93, \x94, \x95, \x96, \x97, \x98, \x99, \x9a, \x9b, \x9c, \x9d, \x9e, \x9f, \xa0, \xa1, \xa2, \xa3, \xa4, \xa5, \xa6, \xa7, \xa8, \xa9, \xaa, \xab, \xac, \xad, \xae, \xaf, \xb0, \xb1, \xb2, \xb3, \xb4, \xb5, \xb6, \xb7, \xb8, \xb9, \xba, \xbb, \xbc, \xbd, \xbe, \xbf, \xc0, \xc1, \xc2, \xc3, \xc4, \xc5, \xc6, \xc7, \xc8, \xc9, \xca, \xcb, \xcc, \xcd, \xce, \xcf, \xd0, \xd1, \xd2, \xd3, \xd4, \xd5, \xd6, \xd7, \xd8, \xd9, \xda, \xdb, \xdc, \xdd, \xde, \xdf, \xe0, \xe1, \xe2, \xe3, \xe4, \xe5, \xe6, \xe7, \xe8, \xe9, \xea, \xeb, \xec, \xed, \xee, \xef, \xf0, \xf1, \xf2, \xf3, \xf4, \xf5, \xf6, \xf7, \xf8, \xf9, \xfa, \xfb, \xfc, \xfd, \xfe, \xff"
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整理后发现是这样的16进制数据,当然看不懂没关系,看下转义后的结果:

"A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, _, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, , ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,  , &iexcl;, &cent;, &pound;, &curren;, &yen;, &brvbar;, &sect;, &uml;, &copy;, &ordf;, &laquo;, &not;, &shy;, &reg;, &macr;, &deg;, &plusmn;, &sup2;, &sup3;, &acute;, &micro;, &para;, &middot;, &cedil;, &sup1;, &ordm;, &raquo;, &frac14;, &frac12;, &frac34;, &iquest;, &Agrave;, &Aacute;, &Acirc;, &Atilde;, &Auml;, &Aring;, &AElig;, &Ccedil;, &Egrave;, &Eacute;, &Ecirc;, &Euml;, &Igrave;, &Iacute;, &Icirc;, &Iuml;, &ETH;, &Ntilde;, &Ograve;, &Oacute;, &Ocirc;, &Otilde;, &Ouml;, &times;, &Oslash;, &Ugrave;, &Uacute;, &Ucirc;, &Uuml;, &Yacute;, &THORN;, &szlig;, &agrave;, &aacute;, &acirc;, &atilde;, &auml;, &aring;, &aelig;, &ccedil;, &egrave;, &eacute;, &ecirc;, &euml;, &igrave;, &iacute;, &icirc;, &iuml;, &eth;, &ntilde;, &ograve;, &oacute;, &ocirc;, &otilde;, &ouml;, &divide;, &oslash;, &ugrave;, &uacute;, &ucirc;, &uuml;, &yacute;, &thorn;, &yuml;"
Copy after login

除了前面的 A-Z_a-z 是我们熟悉的,后面的那些乱七八糟的东西竟然也能当作正常的变量名,简直不可思议。
其实只是PHP拓展了变量名的字符范围,在 A-Z_a-z 之上,将变量可用字符范围拓展到了 \x7f-\xff。
所以,第一个字符范围应该是
那么第二个字符是否也是这样能,我们继续测试下。
将上面 php 代码里的 ('$'.."=1;"); 改成 ('$a'.."=1;"); 保存测试、

"\x9, \xa, \xd, \x20, \x30, \x31, \x32, \x33, \x34, \x35, \x36, \x37, \x38, \x39, \x41, \x42, \x43, \x44, \x45, \x46, \x47, \x48, \x49, \x4a, \x4b, \x4c, \x4d, \x4e, \x4f, \x50, \x51, \x52, \x53, \x54, \x55, \x56, \x57, \x58, \x59, \x5a, \x5f, \x61, \x62, \x63, \x64, \x65, \x66, \x67, \x68, \x69, \x6a, \x6b, \x6c, \x6d, \x6e, \x6f, \x70, \x71, \x72, \x73, \x74, \x75, \x76, \x77, \x78, \x79, \x7a, \x7f, \x80, \x81, \x82, \x83, \x84, \x85, \x86, \x87, \x88, \x89, \x8a, \x8b, \x8c, \x8d, \x8e, \x8f, \x90, \x91, \x92, \x93, \x94, \x95, \x96, \x97, \x98, \x99, \x9a, \x9b, \x9c, \x9d, \x9e, \x9f, \xa0, \xa1, \xa2, \xa3, \xa4, \xa5, \xa6, \xa7, \xa8, \xa9, \xaa, \xab, \xac, \xad, \xae, \xaf, \xb0, \xb1, \xb2, \xb3, \xb4, \xb5, \xb6, \xb7, \xb8, \xb9, \xba, \xbb, \xbc, \xbd, \xbe, \xbf, \xc0, \xc1, \xc2, \xc3, \xc4, \xc5, \xc6, \xc7, \xc8, \xc9, \xca, \xcb, \xcc, \xcd, \xce, \xcf, \xd0, \xd1, \xd2, \xd3, \xd4, \xd5, \xd6, \xd7, \xd8, \xd9, \xda, \xdb, \xdc, \xdd, \xde, \xdf, \xe0, \xe1, \xe2, \xe3, \xe4, \xe5, \xe6, \xe7, \xe8, \xe9, \xea, \xeb, \xec, \xed, \xee, \xef, \xf0, \xf1, \xf2, \xf3, \xf4, \xf5, \xf6, \xf7, \xf8, \xf9, \xfa, \xfb, \xfc, \xfd, \xfe, \xff"
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发现结果多了好多字符,其实有一部分我们是要去掉的,比如 其实就是 空格,相当于  ('$a =1;');  而已,当然是能正常执行的。
除了空格,还有 \t\r\n 都去掉因为这些也是PHP语法说允许的 \t=,\n=,\r=,所以我们要去掉结果中的前4个数据, , ,
最终得到的结果其实只是多了  \x30, \x31, \x32, \x33, \x34, \x35, \x36, \x37, \x38, \x39  熟悉 ascii 的人也许一眼就看出来了,这就是数字
所以第一个字符范围应该是 对正则不熟的也许会觉得怎么不是 ,其实 \w 就是 0-9a-zA-Z_

也许有人会说  $; ${};  这样的变量呢?
我觉得这个已脱离了变量命名的范围了,不是么。

好了,关于 php 变量可用字符的知识点分享完毕了,如果有哪说的不对的,请留言,我会及时改正以免误导大家。

我的猜测: ascii 范围 0-127(-), latin1 范围 0-255(-),也许PHP就是将范围扩充到 latin1 字符集了,当然我没看过PHP源码,只能说是个猜想而已。

 

经 @holine 提醒,我去翻了官网手册,果然找到了,好吧,我还费了这么大的劲去测试、

查看资料 http://www.php.net/manual/zh/language.variables.basics.php

www.bkjia.comtruehttp: //www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/755382.htmlTechArticleFirst let’s talk about the naming rules of PHP variables. Baidu will grab a lot of them next: (1) PHP variables The name is case-sensitive; (2) The variable name must start with the dollar sign $; (3) The variable name can start with an underscore...
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