What are the irreversible encryption methods in PHP?
PHP不可逆加密方法
1、MD5加密
string md5 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ] )
参数
● str -- 原始字符串。
● raw_output -- 如果可选的 raw_output 被设置为 TRUE，那么 MD5 报文摘要将以16字节长度的原始二进制格式返回。
这是一种不可逆加密，执行如下的代码
$password = '123456'; echo md5($password);
得到结果是
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e
2、Sha1加密
string sha1 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ] )
参数
● str -- 输入字符串。
● raw_output -- 如果可选的 raw_output 参数被设置为 TRUE，那么 sha1 摘要将以 20 字符长度的原始格式返回，否则返回值是一个 40 字符长度的十六进制数字。
这是也一种不可逆加密，执行如下代码：
$password = '123456'; echo sha1($password);
得到的结果是
7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b
3、 Crypt加密
string crypt ( string $str [, string $salt ] )
crypt() 返回一个基于标准 UNIX DES 算法或系统上其他可用的替代算法的散列字符串。
参数
● str -- 待散列的字符串。
● salt -- 可选的盐值字符串。如果没有提供，算法行为将由不同的算法实现决定，并可能导致不可预料的结束。
这是也一种不可逆加密，执行如下的代码
$password = '123456'; $salt = "test";// 只取前两个 echo crypt($password, $salt);
得到的结果是
teMGKvBPcptKo
使用自动盐值的例子如下：
$password = crypt('mypassword'); // 自动生成盐值
/* 你应当使用 crypt() 得到的完整结果作为盐值进行密码校验，以此来避免使用不同散列算法导致的问题。（如上所述，基于标准 DES 算法的密码散列使用 2 字符盐值，但是基于 MD5 算法的散列使用 12 个字符盐值。）*/
if (crypt('mypassword', $password) == $password) {
echo "Password verified!";
}执行结果是输出
Password verified!
以不同散列类型使用 crypt()的例子如下：
if (CRYPT_STD_DES == 1) {
echo 'Standard DES: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', 'rl') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_EXT_DES == 1) {
echo 'Extended DES: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '_J9..rasm') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_MD5 == 1) {
echo 'MD5: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$1$rasmusle$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_BLOWFISH == 1) {
echo 'Blowfish: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_SHA256 == 1) {
echo 'SHA-256: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$5$rounds=5000$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_SHA512 == 1) {
echo 'SHA-512: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$6$rounds=5000$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}其结果如下
Standard DES: rl.3StKT.4T8M Extended DES: _J9..rasmBYk8r9AiWNc MD5: $1$rasmusle$rISCgZzpwk3UhDidwXvin0 Blowfish: $2a$07$usesomesillystringfore2uDLvp1Ii2e./U9C8sBjqp8I90dH6hi SHA-256: $5$rounds=5000$usesomesillystri$KqJWpanXZHKq2BOB43TSaYhEWsQ1Lr5QNyPCDH/Tp.6 SHA-512: $6$rounds=5000$usesomesillystri$D4IrlXatmP7rx3P3InaxBeoomnAihCKRVQP22JZ6EY47Wc6BkroIuUUBOov1i.S5KPgErtP/EN5mcO.ChWQW21
在 crypt() 函数支持多重散列的系统上，下面的常量根据相应的类型是否可用被设置为 0 或 1：
● CRYPT_STD_DES - 基于标准 DES 算法的散列使用 "./0-9A-Za-z" 字符中的两个字符作为盐值。在盐值中使用非法的字符将导致 crypt() 失败。
● CRYPT_EXT_DES - 扩展的基于 DES 算法的散列。其盐值为 9 个字符的字符串，由 1 个下划线后面跟着 4 字节循环次数和 4 字节盐值组成。它们被编码成可打印字符，每个字符 6 位，有效位最少的优先。0 到 63 被编码为 "./0-9A-Za-z"。在盐值中使用非法的字符将导致 crypt() 失败。
● CRYPT_MD5 - MD5 散列使用一个以 $1$ 开始的 12 字符的字符串盐值。
● CRYPT_BLOWFISH - Blowfish 算法使用如下盐值：“$2a$”，一个两位 cost 参数，“$” 以及 64 位由 “./0-9A-Za-z” 中的字符组合而成的字符串。在盐值中使用此范围之外的字符将导致 crypt() 返回一个空字符串。两位 cost 参数是循环次数以 2 为底的对数，它的范围是 04-31，超出这个范围将导致 crypt() 失败。
● CRYPT_SHA256 - SHA-256 算法使用一个以 $5$ 开头的 16 字符字符串盐值进行散列。如果盐值字符串以 “rounds=
● CRYPT_SHA512 - SHA-512 算法使用一个以 $6$ 开头的 16 字符字符串盐值进行散列。如果盐值字符串以 “rounds=
4、hash加密
hash加密也是不可逆的，因为是给定一个不确定的字符串返回特定长度的字符串，这个本质意义上来说实现了单项散列加密。使用方法
hash($ago,$data);
$ago是可以指定加密使用的哈希算法，例如："md5"，"sha256"，"haval160,4" 等。
$data是要加密的数据
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