


How to implement Infinitus classification in PHP: recursive method and reference method
The content of this article is about the method of realizing Infinitus classification in PHP: the recursive method and the reference method, which have certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.
During the interview, I was asked about the design and implementation of Infinitus classification. A common practice is to add a PID field to distinguish the classification to which you belong when creating a table.
The data is in The storage in the database looks like this. How to implement infinite recursion? There are two common methods, recursion and reference algorithm
Recursive algorithm
/** * 递归实现无限极分类 * @param $array 分类数据 * @param $pid 父ID * @param $level 分类级别 * @return $list 分好类的数组 直接遍历即可 $level可以用来遍历缩进 */ function getTree($array, $pid =0, $level = 0){ //声明静态数组,避免递归调用时,多次声明导致数组覆盖 static $list = []; foreach ($array as $key => $value){ //第一次遍历,找到父节点为根节点的节点 也就是pid=0的节点 if ($value['pid'] == $pid){ //父节点为根节点的节点,级别为0,也就是第一级 $value['level'] = $level; //把数组放到list中 $list[] = $value; //把这个节点从数组中移除,减少后续递归消耗 unset($array[$key]); //开始递归,查找父ID为该节点ID的节点,级别则为原级别+1 getTree($array, $value['id'], $level+1); } } return $list; } /* * 获得递归完的数据,遍历生成分类 */ $array = getTree($array); foreach($array) as $value{ echo str_repeat('--', $value['level']), $value['name'].'<br />'; } //输出结果 无限极分类实现ok 河北省 --邯郸市 ----永年区 --武安市 北京市 --朝阳区 ----望京 ----酒仙桥 --通州区
Quote algorithm
function generateTree($array){ //第一步 构造数据 $items = array(); foreach($array as $value){ $items[$value['id']] = $value; } //第二部 遍历数据 生成树状结构 $tree = array(); foreach($items as $key => $value){ if(isset($items[$item['pid']])){ $items[$item['pid']]['son'][] = &$items[$key]; }else{ $tree[] = &$items[$key]; } } return $tree; } //经过第一步 数据变成了这样 Array ( [1] => Array ( [id] => 1 [pid] => 0 [name] => 河北省 [children] => Array ( ) ) [2] => Array ( [id] => 2 [pid] => 0 [name] => 北京市 [children] => Array ( ) ) [3] => Array ( [id] => 3 [pid] => 1 [name] => 邯郸市 [children] => Array ( ) ) [4] => Array ( [id] => 4 [pid] => 2 [name] => 朝阳区 [children] => Array ( ) ) [5] => Array ( [id] => 5 [pid] => 2 [name] => 通州区 [children] => Array ( ) ) [6] => Array ( [id] => 6 [pid] => 4 [name] => 望京 [children] => Array ( ) ) [7] => Array ( [id] => 7 [pid] => 4 [name] => 酒仙桥 [children] => Array ( ) ) [8] => Array ( [id] => 8 [pid] => 3 [name] => 永年区 [children] => Array ( ) ) [9] => Array ( [id] => 9 [pid] => 1 [name] => 武安市 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) //第一步很容易就能看懂,就是构造数据,现在咱们仔细说一下第二步 $tree = array(); //遍历构造的数据 foreach($items as $key => $value){ //如果pid这个节点存在 if(isset($items[$value['pid']])){ //把当前的$value放到pid节点的son中 注意 这里传递的是引用 为什么呢? $items[$value['pid']]['son'][] = &$items[$key]; }else{ $tree[] = &$items[$key]; } } //这个方法的核心在于引用,php变量默认的传值方式是按指传递 //也就是说 假如说 遍历顺序是 河北省 邯郸市 当遍历到河北省时 会把河北省放到tree中 遍历到邯郸市时 会把邯郸市放到河北省的子节点数组中 但是!!! 这会儿的tree数组中 河北省已经放进去了 根据php变量按值传递的规则 你并没有更改tree数组中的河北省的数据 所以这里用到了引用传递 //当你对河北省做更改时,tree数组中的河北省也一并做了更改 下面我们做个实验 我们把引用传递去掉,看一下结果 //使用普通传值输出结果 Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 1 [pid] => 0 [name] => 河北省 ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 2 [pid] => 0 [name] => 北京市 ) ) //可以看到 只有河北省和北京市输出出来了 因为他们俩是第一级节点 而且排行1和2,放到$tree数组中之后,没有使用引用传递,那么后续对他俩的子节点的操作都没有在$tree中生效,现在我们更改一下顺序 把邯郸市放到河北省的前面 那么根据咱们的推断 那么邯郸市就应该出现在tree数组里 //邯郸市放到河北省前面的输出结果 Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 1 [pid] => 0 [name] => 河北省 [son] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 3 [pid] => 1 [name] => 邯郸市 ) ) ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 2 [pid] => 0 [name] => 北京市 ) ) //果然是这样 那么证明我们的推断是正确的 现在我们把引用传值改回去 再看一下 //使用引用传值输出结果 Array ( [1] => Array ( [id] => 1 [pid] => 0 [name] => 河北省 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 3 [pid] => 1 [name] => 邯郸市 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 8 [pid] => 3 [name] => 永年区 ) ) ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 9 [pid] => 1 [name] => 武安市 ) ) ) [2] => Array ( [id] => 2 [pid] => 0 [name] => 北京市 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 4 [pid] => 2 [name] => 朝阳区 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 6 [pid] => 4 [name] => 望京 ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 7 [pid] => 4 [name] => 酒仙桥 ) ) ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 5 [pid] => 2 [name] => 通州区 ) ) ) ) //树状结构完美的输出出来了 这个方法的核心就是引用传值
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