php文本操作方法集合比较_PHP
字符串读写函数fgets和fputs
一、读字符串函数fgets函数的功能是从指定的文件中读一个字符串到字符数组中，函数调用的形式为： fgets(字符数组名，n，文件指针)； 其中的n是一个正整数。表示从文件中读出的字符串不超过 n-1个字符。在读入的最后一个字符后加上串结束标志'\0'。例如：fgets(str,n,fp);的意义是从fp所指的文件中读出n-1个字符送入 字符数组str中。
[例10.4]从e10_1.c文件中读入一个含10个字符的字符串。
#include
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char str[11];
if((fp=fopen("e10_1.c","rt"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
fgets(str,11,fp);
printf("%s",str);
fclose(fp);
}
本例定义了一个字符数组str共11个字节，在以读文本文件方式打开文件e101.c后，从中读出10个字符送入str数组，在数组最后一个单元内将加上'\0'，然后在屏幕上显示输出str数组。输出的十个字符正是例10.1程序的前十个字符。
对fgets函数有两点说明：
1. 在读出n-1个字符之前，如遇到了换行符或EOF，则读出结束。
2. fgets函数也有返回值，其返回值是字符数组的首地址。
二、写字符串函数fputs
fputs函数的功能是向指定的文件写入一个字符串，其调用形式为： fputs(字符串，文件指针) 其中字符串可以是字符串常量，也可以是字符数组名， 或指针 变量，例如：
fputs(“abcd“，fp)；
其意义是把字符串“abcd”写入fp所指的文件之中。[例10.5]在例10.2中建立的文件string中追加一个字符串。
#include
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch,st[20];
if((fp=fopen("string","at+"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
printf("input a string:\n");
scanf("%s",st);
fputs(st,fp);
rewind(fp);
ch=fgetc(fp);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
putchar(ch);
ch=fgetc(fp);
}
printf("\n");
fclose(fp);
}
本例要求在string文件末加写字符串，因此，在程序第6行以追加读写文本文件的方式打开文件string 。 然后输入字符串， 并用fputs函数把该串写入文件string。在程序15行用rewind函数把文件内部位置指针移到文件首。 再进入循环逐个显示当前文件中的全部内容。
数据块读写函数fread和fwrite
C语言还提供了用于整块数据的读写函数。 可用来读写一组数据，如一个数组元素，一个结构变量的值等。读数据块函数调用的一般形式为： fread(buffer,size,count,fp); 写数据块函数调用的一般形式为： fwrite(buffer,size,count,fp); 其中buffer是一个指针，在fread函数中，它表示存放输入数据的首地址。在fwrite函数中，它表示存放输出数据的首地址。 size 表示数据块的字节数。count 表示要读写的数据块块数。fp 表示文件指针。
例如：
fread(fa,4,5,fp); 其意义是从fp所指的文件中，每次读4个字节(一个实数)送入实数组fa中，连续读5次，即读5个实数到fa中。
[例10.6]从键盘输入两个学生数据，写入一个文件中， 再读出这两个学生的数据显示在屏幕上。
#include
struct stu
{
char name[10];
int num;
int age;
char addr[15];
}boya[2],boyb[2],*pp,*qq;
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
int i;
pp=boya;
qq=boyb;
if((fp=fopen("stu_list","wb+"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(1);
}
printf("\ninput data\n");
for(i=0;iscanf("%s%d%d%s",pp->name,&pp->num,&pp->age,pp->addr);
pp=boya;
fwrite(pp,sizeof(struct stu),2,fp);
rewind(fp);
fread(qq,sizeof(struct stu),2,fp);
printf("\n\nname\tnumber age addr\n");
for(i=0;iprintf("%s\t%5d%7d%s\n",qq->name,qq->num,qq->age,qq->addr);
fclose(fp);
}
本例程序定义了一个结构stu,说明了两个结构数组boya和 boyb以及两个结构指针变量pp和qq。pp指向boya,qq指向boyb。程序第16行以读写方式打开二进制文件“stu_list”，输入二个学 生数据之后，写入该文件中， 然后把文件内部位置指针移到文件首，读出两块学生数据后，在屏幕上显示。
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