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Examples of reading, writing, compressing and decompressing files using Python
Examples of reading, writing, compressing and decompressing files using Python
读写文件
首先看一个例子：
f = open('thefile.txt','w') #以写方式打开， try: f.write('wokao')finally: f.close()
文件的打开方式：
f = open(‘文件','mode') ‘r'：只读（缺省。如果文件不存在，则抛出错误） ‘w'：只写（如果文件不存在，则自动创建文件），此时无法调用f.read()方法，且当调用f.write()时，将清空文件原有内容 ‘a'：附加到文件末尾 ‘r+'：读写
如果需要以二进制方式打开文件，需要在mode后面加上字符”b”，比如”rb”，”wb”等
f.closed #标记文件是否已经关闭，由close()改写 f.encoding #文件编码 f.mode #打开模式 f.name #文件名 f.newlines #文件中用到的换行模式，是一个tuple f.softspace #boolean型，一般为0，据说用于print
文件的读写方法：
f.read([size]) #size为读取的长度，以byte为单位 f.readline([size]) #读一行，如果定义了size，有可能返回的只是一行的一部分 f.readlines([size]) #把文件每一行作为一个list的一个成员，并返回这个list。 其实它的内部是通过循环调用readline()来实现的。如果提供size参数，size是表示读取内容的总长， 也就是说可能只读到文件的一部分 f.write(str) #把str写到文件中，write()并不会在str后加上一个换行符 f.writelines(seq) #把seq的内容全部写到文件中。这个函数也只是忠实地写入，不会在每行后面加上任何东西 f.close() #关闭文件 f.flush() #把缓冲区的内容写入硬盘 f.fileno() #返回一个长整型的”文件标签“ f.isatty() #文件是否是一个终端设备文件（unix系统中的） f.tell() #返回文件操作标记的当前位置，以文件的开头为原点 f.next() #返回下一行，并将文件操作标记位移到下一行。把一个file用于for … in file这样的语句时， 就是调用next()函数来实现遍历的 f.seek(offset[,from]) #将文件打操作标记移到offset的位置。这个offset一般是相对于文件的开头来计算的， 一般为正数。但如果提供了from参数就不一定了，from可以为0表示从头开始计算，1表示以当前位置为原点计算。 2表示以文件末尾为原点进行计算。需要注意，如果文件以a或a+的模式打开，每次进行写操作时， 文件操作标记会自动返回到文件末尾。 f.truncate([size]) #把文件裁成规定的大小，默认的是裁到当前文件操作标记的位置。
Python在读取一个文件时，会记住其在文件中的位置，如果第二次仍需要从头读取，则需要调用f.seek(0)重新从头开始读取。
一些例子：
>>> f = open('hi.txt','w') >>> f.closed False >>> f.mode 'w' >>> f.name 'hi.txt' >>> f.encoding
压缩和解压缩文件（zip/unzip）
1，单个文件压缩成zip文件
#!/usr/bin/python import zipfile f = zipfile.ZipFile('archive.zip','w',zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) f.write('1.py') f.write('/root/install.log') f.close()
仔细观察压缩以后的archive.zip，里面有一个1.py和一个root的目录，root目录下有一个install.log
ZIP_DEFLATED是压缩标志，如果使用它需要编译了zlib模块，如果仅仅是打包而不压缩的话，可以改为zipfile.ZIP_STORED
2，把zip文件解压缩
#!/usr/bin/python import zipfile zfile = zipfile.ZipFile('archive.zip','r') for filename in zfile.namelist(): data = zfile.read(filename) file = open(filename, 'w+b') file.write(data) file.close()
如果archive.zip里有目录，则在当前目录下也应该存在对应的目录，否则会报错。
3，把整个文件夹压缩
#!/usr/bin/python
import zipfile
import os
f = zipfile.ZipFile('archive.zip','w',zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
startdir = "c:\\\\mydirectory"
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(startdir):
for filename in filenames:
f.write(os.path.join(dirpath,filename))
f.close()如果出现：
Compression requires the (missing) zlib module
解决方法：
yum install zlib zlib-devel
，然后重新编译安装python
以上就是使用Python读写及压缩和解压缩文件的示例的内容，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网（www.php.cn）！
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