python函数局部变量用法实例分析
本文实例讲述了python函数局部变量用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下：
当你在函数定义内声明变量的时候，它们与函数外具有相同名称的其他变量没有任何关系，即变量名称对于函数来说是 局部 的。这称为变量的 作用域 。所有变量的作用域是它们被定义的块，从它们的名称被定义的那点开始。
一、使用局部变量
示例如下：
#!/usr/bin/python # Filename: func_local.py def func(x): print 'x is', x x = 2 print 'Changed local x to', x x = 50 func(x) print 'x is still', x
输出：
$ python func_local.py x is 50 Changed local x to 2 x is still 50
工作原理：
在函数中，我们第一次使用x的 值 的时候，Python使用函数声明的形参的值。
接下来，我们把值2赋给x。x是函数的局部变量。所以，当我们在函数内改变x的值的时候，在主块中定义的x不受影响。
在最后一个print语句中，我们证明了主块中的x的值确实没有受到影响。
二、使用global语句
如果你想要为一个定义在函数外的变量赋值，那么你就得告诉Python这个变量名不是局部的，而是 全局 的。我们使用global语句完成这一功能。没有global语句，是不可能为定义在函数外的变量赋值的。
你可以使用定义在函数外的变量的值（假设在函数内没有同名的变量）。然而，我并不鼓励你这样做，并且你应该尽量避免这样做，因为这使得程序的读者会不清楚这个变量是在哪里定义的。使用global语句可以清楚地表明变量是在外面的块定义的。
使用global语句示例：
#!/usr/bin/python # Filename: func_global.py def func(): global x print 'x is', x x = 2 print 'Changed local x to', x x = 50 func() print 'Value of x is', x
输出：
$ python func_global.py x is 50 Changed global x to 2 Value of x is 2
工作原理：
global语句被用来声明x是全局的——因此，当我们在函数内把值赋给x的时候，这个变化也反映在我们在主块中使用x的值的时候。
你可以使用同一个global语句指定多个全局变量。例如global x, y, z。
希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。
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