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getElementById,getElementsByName,getElementsByTagName,getElementsByClassName四者之间的区别
fighting的博客
Original
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在《Javascript DOM 编程艺术》与 W3school 中是这样定义的:


getElementById():这个方法将返回一个与那个有着给定id属性值的元素节点对应的对象。


下面这个案例我是想通过触发test()函数后,给一个id为“div1”的div层添加背景色为黄颜色。


<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>shopping list</title>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <link href="css/css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

</head>

    <h1>what to buy</h1>

    <P title="a gentle reminder">Don't forget to buy this stuff.</P>

    <ul id="purchases">

        <li>A tin of beans</li>

        <li class="sale">Cheese</li>

        <li class="sale important">milk</li>

    </ul>

    <div id="div1">helloworld</div>

    <input type="button" value="按钮" onclick="test()"/>

    <script>

        function test(){

            document.getElementById("div1").style.backgroundColor="yellow";

        }

    </script>

</body>

</html>

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输出结果:




getElementsByName():方法可返回带有指定名称的对象的集合。


这个案例是为获取无序列表中名字name叫“t”的li 的长度。


<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>shopping list</title>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <link href="css/css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

</head>

    <h1>what to buy</h1>

    <P title="a gentle reminder">Don't forget to buy this stuff.</P>

    <ul id="purchases">

        <li name="t">A tin of beans</li>

        <li name="t" class="sale">Cheese</li>

        <li name="t" class="sale important">milk</li>

    </ul>

    <div id="div1">helloworld</div>

    <input type="button" value="按钮" onclick="test()"/>

    <script>

        function test(){

            alert(document.getElementsByName("t").length);

        }

    </script>

</body>

</html>

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输出结果:




getElementsByTagName():方法返回一个对象数组,每个对象分别对应着文档里有着给定标签的一个元素。这个理解起来有点拗口。 

W3school中是这样定义的:此方法可返回带有指定标签名的对象的集合。


下面这个我是要获得script标签的长度


<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>shopping list</title>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <link href="css/css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

</head>

    <h1>what to buy</h1>

    <P title="a gentle reminder">Don't forget to buy this stuff.</P>

    <ul id="purchases">

        <li name="t" class="sale">A tin of beans</li>

        <li name="t" class="sale">Cheese</li>

        <li name="t" class="sale important">milk</li>

    </ul>

    <div id="div1">helloworld</div>

    <input type="button" value="按钮" onclick="test()"/>

    <script>

        function test(){

            alert(document.getElementsByTagName("script").length);

        }

    </script>

</body>

</html>

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输出结果:




getElementsByClassName():方法返回文档中所有指定类名的元素集合,作为 NodeList 对象。


下面这个是要设置class=”sale”且数组下标为:1的li的背景色为:red


<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>shopping list</title>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <link href="css/css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

</head>

    <h1>what to buy</h1>

    <P title="a gentle reminder">Don't forget to buy this stuff.</P>

    <ul id="purchases">

        <li name="t" class="sale">A tin of beans</li>

        <li name="t" class="sale">Cheese</li>

        <li name="t" class="sale important">milk</li>

    </ul>

    <div id="div1">helloworld</div>

    <input type="button" value="按钮" onclick="test()"/>

    <script>

        function test(){

            var x=document.getElementsByClassName("sale");

            x[1].style.backgroundColor="red";

        }

    </script>

</body>

</html>

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输出结果:




Correction status:Uncorrected

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