基于MRG_MyISAM引擎的Mysql分表
正常情况下的分表,都是直接创建多个相同结构的表,比如table_1、table_2...最近碰到一个特殊需求,需要创建一个主表,所有分表的数据增删改查,全部自动实时更新到主表,这个时候可以使用MRG_MyISAM引擎了。
首先创建主表`mygame_message_log`。然后创建分表(必须使用MyISAM引擎):
create table `mygame_message_log_1` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_2` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_3` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_4` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_5` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_6` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_7` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_8` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_9` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_10` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_11` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_12` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_13` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_14` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_15` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_16` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_17` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_18` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_19` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
create table `mygame_message_log_20` LIKE `mygame_message_log`;
然后将主表关联到分表:
ALTER TABLE mygame_message_log
ENGINE = MERGE UNION=
(mygame_message_log_1,
mygame_message_log_2,
mygame_message_log_3,
mygame_message_log_4,
mygame_message_log_5,
mygame_message_log_6,
mygame_message_log_7,
mygame_message_log_8,
mygame_message_log_9,
mygame_message_log_10,
mygame_message_log_11,
mygame_message_log_12,
mygame_message_log_13,
mygame_message_log_14,
mygame_message_log_15,
mygame_message_log_16,
mygame_message_log_17,
mygame_message_log_18,
mygame_message_log_19,
mygame_message_log_20)
INSERT_METHOD=no AUTO_INCREMENT=1;
需要注意的是,表的主键不能设为自增,所有表的结构全部要一致。
同时这种方法会有一个缺陷,就是一旦要修改表结构,就会很麻烦。千万不能直接修改!
最好开始就将表设计考虑周到一点,如果实在要修改,可按如下步骤:
1、删除主表;
2、针对所有分表修改相应的字段;
3、重新创建一个主表:
create table `mygame_message_log` LIKE `mygame_message_log_1`;
4、给主表做关联:
ALTER TABLE mygame_message_log
ENGINE = MERGE UNION=
(mygame_message_log_1,
mygame_message_log_2,
mygame_message_log_3,
mygame_message_log_4,
mygame_message_log_5,
mygame_message_log_6,
mygame_message_log_7,
mygame_message_log_8,
mygame_message_log_9,
mygame_message_log_10,
mygame_message_log_11,
mygame_message_log_12,
mygame_message_log_13,
mygame_message_log_14,
mygame_message_log_15,
mygame_message_log_16,
mygame_message_log_17,
mygame_message_log_18,
mygame_message_log_19,
mygame_message_log_20)
INSERT_METHOD=no AUTO_INCREMENT=1;
5、成功,原来主表的数据都恢复了