第五课-浮动定位与布局+周末作业 - 学习

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实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>商品信息表</title>
</head>
<body>
    <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
    <caption>
    <h2>商品信息表</h2>
    </caption>
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>ID</th>
                <th>名称</th>
                <th>数量</th>
                <th>单价</th>
                <th>价格</th>
            </tr>

        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>Mechrevo Z1</td>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>7300</td>
                <td>7300</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                    <td>2</td>
                    <td>Mechrevo Z2</td>
                    <td>1</td>
                    <td>7500</td>
                    <td>7500</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                        <td>3</td>
                        <td>Mechrevo X1</td>
                        <td>1</td>
                        <td>7000</td>
                        <td>7000</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                            <td>4</td>
                            <td>Mechrevo X2</td>
                            <td rowspan="2">1</td>
                            <td>7600</td>
                            <td>7600</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                                <td>5</td>
                                <td>Mechrevo X2</td>
                                
                                <td>7600</td>
                                <td>7600</td>
                            </tr>


        </tbody>
        <tfoot>
            <tr>
                <td  colspan=4 align="center">合计</td>
        
                <td>29400</td>

            </tr>

        </tfoot>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

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图片.png

手抄：

二、课程表

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="demo3.css">
    <title>制作一张课程表</title>
</head>
<body>
    <article class="table">
        <h2 class="caption">家里蹲大学php系一班课程表</h2>
        <section class="thead">
            <ul>
                <li>序号</li>
                <li>课程</li>
                <li>描述</li>
            </ul>
        </section>
        <section class="tbody">
            <ul>
                <li>1</li>
                <li>前端开发基础</li>
                <li>HTML5常用标签,CSS3样式控制与页面布局</li>
            </ul>
            <ul>
                <li>2</li>
                <li>PHP开发基础</li>
                <li>PHP语法,类与对象,常用开发技术与案例</li>
            </ul>
            <ul>
                <li>3</li>
                <li>大型CMS开发实战</li>
                <li>Laravel开发基础,Laravel开发CMS全程精讲</li>
            </ul>
        </section>
        <section class="tfoot">
            <ul>
                <li>备注:</li>
                <li>不得迟到早退</li>
                <li><span>请同学们们提前预习</span></li>
            </ul>
        </section>
    </article>
</body>
</html>

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实例

.table{
    display: table;

    box-sizing: border-box;
    
    /* 消除单元格之间的边框线间隙 */
    border-collapse: collapse;

    width: 666px;
    margin: auto;
    color: aquamarine;

    box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgb(180, 64, 64);
}

.caption{
    display: table-caption;
    text-align: center;
}

.thead{
    display: table-header-group;
    text-align: center;

    background-color: rgb(17, 177, 38);
}

.tbody{
    display: table-row-group;

}

.tfoot{
    display: table-footer-group;
    background-color: rgb(112, 84, 84);
}

/* 将所有<ul>转为<tr>标签样式 */
section>ul{
    display: table-row;
}

/* 将所有的<li>转为<td> */
section>ul>li{
    display: table-cell;
    border: 1px solid rgb(133, 214, 79);
    padding: 10px;
}

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图片.png

手抄：

三、使用绝对定位,实现用户登录框在页面中始终居中显示

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>使用绝对定位,实现用户登录框在页面中始终居中显示 </title>
    <style>
        .form{
            position: relative;
            left: 50%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    
    <form action="login.php" class="form">
        <input type="text" name="user" id="user" placeholder="用户名:"><br>
        <input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd" placeholder="密码:"><br>
        <input type="password" name="pwd1" id="pwd1" placeholder="密码确认:"><br>
        <button>登录</button>


    </form> 

</body>
</html>

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图片.png

手抄：

四、圣杯布局

圣杯布局定义：三栏的布局结构，左栏和右栏的宽度固定不变，中间栏的宽度自动填充，会跟着父级元素的宽度变化而变化。

实现圣杯布局的步骤：

1.设置主体区，用padding给左右两侧预留空间，用box-sizing:border-box使盒子不受内外边距的影响，并将主题区转为BFC块，使其包含浮动元素，撑开父级；

2.设置主体内容区，用box-sizing: border-box;使盒子不受内外边距的影响，给定一个min-height弥补内容不足的问题；

3.设置左右两侧通用样式，用box-sizing: border-box;使盒子不受内外边距的影响，给定一个min-height，给定一个固定宽度（在设置主体区时预留了左右两侧的空间宽度）；

4.设置主体区内容全部浮动；

5.将左右两侧分别用相对定位方法“拉”到对应预留位置。

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="demo5.css">
    <title>圣杯布局</title>
</head>
<body>

    <header>头部</header>
    <main>
        <article>内容区</article>
        <aside>左侧</aside>
        <aside>右侧</aside>
    </main>
    <footer>底部</footer>
    
</body>
</html>

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实例

header,footer{
    height: 60px;
    background-color: rgb(175, 148, 148);
}

main{

    border:2px solid red;

    /* 给左右两侧预留空间 */
    padding-left: 200px;
    padding-right: 200px;

    /* 使盒子不受内外边框影响 */
    box-sizing: border-box;

    /* 将main转为BFC块，使元素浮动包含在内，撑开父级 */
    overflow:auto;

}
main>article{
    box-sizing: border-box;

    background-color: rgba(112, 195, 228, 0.877);

    /* 占据父级容器全部空间，使其自适应 */
    width: 100%;

    /* 使用最小高度弥补内容不足的问题 */
    min-height: 600px;
}

/* 设置左右两侧通用样式 */
main>aside{
    box-sizing: border-box;
    min-height: 600px;
    width: 200px;
}

main>aside:first-of-type{
    background-color: rgb(31, 238, 31);

}
main>aside:last-of-type{
    background-color: rgb(235, 96, 235);
}

/* 主体区内容全部浮动 */
main>*{
    float: left;
}

/* 左侧通过负外边距拉到主体的坐标 */
aside:first-of-type{
    margin-left: -100%;
    position:relative;
    left:-200px;
}

aside:last-of-type{
    /* margin-right: -100%; */

    margin-left: -200px;

    position:relative;

    left: 200px;
    
}

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图片.png

手抄：

五、不适用td等标签实现表格的行列合并

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>基于display的行合并表格</title>
<style type="text/css">
.table, .table * {margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;font-size: 14px;font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
.table {display: table; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse;}

.table-tr {display: table-row; height: 30px;}
.table-th {display: table-cell;font-weight: bold;height: 100%;border: 1px solid gray;text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;background-color:#E5E5E5;}
.table-td {display: table-cell; height: 100%;}

.sub-table {width: 100%;height: 100%;display: table;}
.sub-table-tr {display: table-row; height: 100%;}
.sub-table-td {display: table-cell; height: 100%;border: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;vertical-align: middle;}

</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="table">
    <div class="table-tr">
        <div class="table-td">
            <div class="sub-table">
                <div class="sub-table-tr">
                    <div class="table-th" style="width: 40%;">序号</div>
                    <div class="table-th" style="width: 30%;">课程</div>
                    <div class="table-th" style="width: 30%;">描述</div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="table-tr">
        <div class="table-td">
            <div class="sub-table">
                <div class="sub-table-tr">
                    <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 40%;">1</div>
                    <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 30%;">前端开发基础</div>
                    <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 30%;">HTML5常用标签,CSS3样式控制与页面布局</div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="table-tr" style="height:60px;">
        <div class="table-td">
            <div class="sub-table">
                <div class="sub-table-tr">
                    <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 40%; border: none;">
                        <div class="sub-table">
                            <div class="sub-table-tr" style="height:50%;">
                                <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 100%; height:50%;">
                                        2
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="sub-table-tr" style="height:50%;">
                                <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 100%; height:50%;">
                                    2
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 30%;border: none;">
                        <div class="sub-table">
                            <div class="sub-table-tr" style="height:50%;">
                                <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 100%; height:50%;">
                                        PHP开发基础
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="sub-table-tr" style="height:50%;">
                                <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 100%; height:50%;">
                                        PHP开发基础
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    
                    </div>
                    
                    <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 30%;border: none;">
                        <div class="sub-table">
                            <div class="sub-table-tr">
                                <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 100%;">
                                        PHP语法,类与对象,常用开发技术与案例
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="table-tr">
        <div class="table-td">
            <div class="sub-table">
                <div class="sub-table-tr">
                    <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 70%;">备注</div>
                    <div class="sub-table-td" style="width: 30%;">请同学们们提前预习</div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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图片.png

六、将圣杯布局中的左右二列,使用绝对定位来实现

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="demo5.css">
    <title>圣杯布局</title>
</head>
<body>

    <header>头部</header>
    <main>
        <article>内容区</article>
        <aside>左侧</aside>
        <aside>右侧</aside>
    </main>
    <footer>底部</footer>
    
</body>
</html>

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实例

header,footer{
    height: 60px;
    background-color: rgb(175, 148, 148);
}

main{

    /* border:2px solid red; */

    /* 给左右两侧预留空间 */
    padding-left: 200px;
    padding-right: 200px;

    /* 使盒子不受内外边框影响 */
    box-sizing: border-box;

    /* 将main转为BFC块，使元素浮动包含在内，撑开父级 */
    overflow:auto;

}
main>article{
    box-sizing: border-box;

    background-color: rgba(112, 195, 228, 0.877);

    /* 占据父级容器全部空间，使其自适应 */
    width: 100%;

    /* 使用最小高度弥补内容不足的问题 */
    min-height: 600px;
}

/* 设置左右两侧通用样式 */
main>aside{
    box-sizing: border-box;
    min-height: 600px;
    width: 200px;
}

main>aside:first-of-type{
    background-color: rgb(31, 238, 31);

}
main>aside:last-of-type{
    background-color: rgb(235, 96, 235);
}

/* 主体区内容全部浮动 */
main>*{
    float: left;
}

/* 左侧通过负外边距拉到主体的坐标 */
aside:first-of-type{
    /* margin-left: -100%;
    position:relative;
    left:-200px; */
    position: absolute;
    left: 8px;
}

aside:last-of-type{
    /* margin-right: -100%; */

    /* margin-left: -200px;

    position:relative;

    left: 200px; */
    position: absolute;
    right: 8px;
    
}

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图片.png

七、双飞翼布局

与圣杯布局不同的是，双飞翼布局中将主体内容区放在一个容器中，其余不变，而且不必对左右两侧使用相对定位或者绝对定位来“拉”到对应位置，使用margin-left即可。

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="demo6.css">
    <title>双飞翼布局</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="header">header</div>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="center">center</div>
    </div>

    <div class="left">left</div>

    <div class="right">right</div>
    <div class="footer">footer</div>
    
</body>
</html>

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实例

.header{
    line-height: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    text-align: center;
    width:100%;
    background-color: rgb(199, 216, 48);
}


.container{
    padding-left: 200px;

    padding-right: 200px;

    box-sizing: border-box;

    overflow: auto;
}

.container,.left,.right{
    float: left;
}

.container{
    background-color: rgb(163, 105, 105);
    min-height: 600px;
    width: 100%;
}
.left{
    background-color: rgb(54, 85, 39);
    min-height: 600px;
    width: 200px;
    margin-left: -100%;
}
.right{
    background-color: rgb(42, 32, 179);
    min-height: 600px;
    width: 200px;
    margin-left: -200px;
}

.footer{
    line-height: 50px;
    clear: both;
    height: 50px;
    text-align: center;

    background-color: rgb(199, 216, 48);
}

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图片.png

八、总结

本次学习了以下内容：

表格制作的常规方法以及使用table的相关属性来制作表格及表格的行、列合并，相比较于用<tr>、<td>等标签，用table属性来制作表格复杂繁琐许多，但也不失为一种方法；
学习到了绝对定位与相对定位的区别与使用方法，相对定位是元素相对之前位置的移动，绝对定位的元素的位置相对于最近的已定位祖先元素，如果元素没有已定位的祖先元素，那么它的位置相对于最初的包含块。
学习了经典布局方法“圣杯”布局以及与其相似的“双飞翼”布局的实现步骤。

Correction status：qualified

Teacher's comments：看了你的总结, 觉得你对基本知识有了大致的了解, 但还集中在知道的层面, 具体的应用, 在后面的实战课程中会涉及, 不要错过

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