弹性盒子布局之弹性容器 - PHP第九期培训线上班 - 作业博客

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实例1

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>弹性容器的二种类型</title>
    <style>
        /*弹性容器通用样式*/
        .container {
            border: 2px dashed red;
            margin: 15px;
            background: #cdc;
        }

        /*弹性元素通用样式*/
        .item {
            box-sizing: border-box;
            border: 1px solid;
            padding: 20px;
            background: #ede;
        }

        /*块级弹性容器*/
        .flex {
            display: flex;
        }
        /*行内/内联弹性盒子*/
        .inline-flex {
            display: inline-flex;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>1. 块级_弹性容器</h3>
<div class="container flex">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>

<h3>2. 行内块级_弹性容器</h3>
<div class="container inline-flex">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>

</body>
</html>

运行实例 »

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实例运行效果：

手写代码：

实例2：弹性盒子做导航实例

实例 2

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>弹性容器(盒子)做导航</title>
    <style>
        /*链接样式重置*/
        a {
            padding: 5px 10px;
            margin: 0 5px;
            border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
            text-decoration-line: none;
            background-color: lightgreen;
            box-shadow: 2px 0 1px #888;
            color: black;
        }

        a:hover,
            /*tab切换进也会激活*/
        a:focus,
        a:active {
            background-color: orangered;
            color: white;
        }

        nav {
            display: flex;
            border-bottom: 1px solid gray;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<nav>
    <a href="">首页</a>
    <a href="">教学视频</a>
    <a href="">社区问答</a>
    <a href="">软件下载</a>
    <a href="">联系我们</a>
</nav>
</body>
</html>

运行实例 »

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实例运行效果：
2.1.png

手写代码：

2. 弹性容器的主轴与交叉轴

主轴：弹性元素流动的方向

主轴尺寸：主轴上弹性元素总长度

主轴起点：弹性元素开始流动的那一端

主轴终点：弹性元素流向的目标那一端、

所有弹性元素必须沿着主轴方向排列

：交叉轴：与主轴垂直的轴, 所以也叫垂直轴或侧轴或副轴

交叉轴尺寸：垂直轴上弹性元素总长度

交叉轴起点：垂直轴上块级元素开始堆叠的那一端

交叉轴终点：垂直轴上与起点相对应的那一端

所有弹性元素必须沿着交叉轴方向添加
：

下面以实例加以理解:

实例3：弹性容器的主轴方向: 弹性元素的主轴上的排列方向

实例3

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>定义弹性容器的主轴方向: 弹性元素的主轴上的排列方向</title>
<!--    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style3.css">-->
    <style>
        /*弹性容器通用样式*/
        .container {
            border: 2px dashed red;
            margin: 15px;
            background: #cdc;
        }

        /*弹性元素通用样式*/
        .item {
            box-sizing: border-box;
            border: 1px solid;
            padding: 20px;
            background: #ede;
        }

        /*块级弹性容器*/
        .flex {
            display: flex;
        }

        .row {
            flex-direction: row;
        }

        .row-reverse {
            flex-direction: row-reverse;
        }

        .column {
            flex-direction: column;
        }

        .column-reverse {
            flex-direction: column-reverse;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>1. row: 默认从左向右,水平排列</h3>
<div class="container flex row">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>

<h3>2. row: 从右向左,水平排列</h3>
<div class="container flex row-reverse">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>

<h3>3. column: 从下向下,垂直排列</h3>
<div class="container flex column">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>>
</div>

<h3>4. column-reverse: 从下向上,垂直排列</h3>
<div class="container flex column-reverse">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>

运行实例 »

点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例

运行效果：

3.1.jpg

手写代码：

实例4：弹性容器实现页面布局之图文混排（弹性元素在主轴方向排列演示）

实例4

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>创建网站首页</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style2.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style4.css">
</head>
<body>
<!--页眉-->
<header>
    <h1>一丝不挂的博客</h1>
</header>
<!--导航-->
<nav>
    <a href="">首页</a>
    <a href="">教学视频</a>
    <a href="">社区问答</a>
    <a href="">软件下载</a>
    <a href="">联系我们</a>
</nav>

<!--主体-->
<main>
    <article>
        <img src="images/1.jpg" alt="">
        <p>JavaScript 是一门弱类型的动态脚本语言，支持多种编程范式，包括面向对象和函数式编程，被广泛用于 Web 开发。
            JavaScript 是一门弱类型的动态脚本语言，支持多种编程范式，包括面向对象和函数式编程，被广泛用于 Web 开发。
            JavaScript 是一门弱类型的动态脚本语言，支持多种编程范式，包括面向对象和函数式编程，被广泛用于 Web 开发。
            JavaScript 是一门弱类型的动态脚本语言，支持多种编程范式，包括面向对象和函数式编程，被广泛用于 Web 开发。
            JavaScript 是一门弱类型的动态脚本语言，支持多种编程范式，包括面向对象和函数式编程，被广泛用于 Web 开发。
        </p>
        <button>立即学习</button>
    </article>
    <article>
        <img src="images/2.jpg" alt="">
        <p>Vue是一套用于构建用户界面的渐进式框架, 被设计为可以自底向上逐层应用。</p>
        <button>立即学习</button>
    </article>
    <article>
        <img src="images/3.jpg" alt="">
        <p>Laravel是一套简洁,优雅的PHP Web开发框架, 它可以帮你构建一个完美的网络APP</p>
        <button>立即学习</button>
    </article>
</main>

<!--页脚-->
<footer>
<!--    ©: 是html实体字符,代表版权符号-->
    <p>Copyright © 2018 -2021 php中文网</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

/*链接样式重置*/
a {
    padding: 5px 10px;
    margin: 0 5px;
    border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
    text-decoration-line: none;
    background-color: lightgreen;
    box-shadow: 2px 0 1px #888;
    color: black;
}

a:hover,
/*tab切换进也会激活*/
a:focus,
a:active {
    background-color: orangered;
    color: white;
}

nav {
    display: flex;
    border-bottom: 1px solid gray;
}

* {
    /*参考轮廓线: 不占据页面空间*/
    /*outline: 1px solid #ccc;*/
    margin: 10px;
    padding: 10px;
}

/*将页面中主要布局元素全部转为弹性容器*/
body, nav, main, article {
    display: flex;
}

/*设置全局, 内容区主轴垂直, 元素沿主轴排列*/
body, article {
    flex-direction: column;
}

/*页脚添加上边框*/
footer {
    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
}

/*导航删除下内边距*/
nav {
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

运行实例 »

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运行效果：

手写代码：

实例5：弹性容器中弹性元素溢出与创建多行容器

实例5

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>弹性元素溢出与创建多行容器</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style5.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>以主轴水平方向为例演示:</h1>
<!--默认: 弹性元素不会在主轴上换行,不会自动调整大小, 当主轴空间不足时, 会从边界溢出-->
<h3>1. nowrap: 默认不换行,元素自动缩小适应容器</h3>
<div class="container flex row nowrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
    <span class="item">item11</span>
</div>

<h3>2. wrap: 换行,元素超出容器边界后换到下一行继续显示</h3>
<div class="container flex row wrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
    <span class="item">item11</span>
</div>

<h3>3. wrap-reverse: 换行后,弹性元素在垂直方向反向排列</h3>
<div class="container flex row wrap-reverse">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
    <span class="item">item11</span>
</div>

<h3>4.row-reverse主轴从右往左，wrap换行</h3>
<div class="container flex row-reverse wrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
    <span class="item">item11</span>
</div>

<h3>5.row-reverse主轴从右往左,wrap-reverse元素在垂直方向反向排列</h3>
<div class="container flex row-reverse wrap-reverse">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
    <span class="item">item11</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>

/*弹性容器通用样式*/
.container {
    border: 2px dashed red;
    margin: 15px;
    background: #cdc;
}

/*弹性元素通用样式*/
.item {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border: 1px solid;
    padding: 20px;
    background: #ede;
}

/*块级弹性容器*/
.flex {
    display: flex;
}

.container {
    width: 500px;
}

/*不换行*/
.nowrap {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

/*换行*/
.wrap {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.wrap-reverse {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap-reverse;
}

div:nth-last-of-type(2){
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}
div:last-of-type{
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    flex-wrap: wrap-reverse;
}

运行实例 »

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运行效果：

5.1.png

手写代码：

注意：弹性元素流体布局的简写：弹性容器的flex-flow属性

格式：flex-flow: 主轴方向换行方式；如：flex-flow:row nowrap;

即：

实例6：弹性元素在主轴上如何分布

实例6

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>弹性元素在主轴上如何分布</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style7.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>弹性元素在主轴上如何分布:</h1>
<h3>1. flex-start: 主轴起点开始水平排列</h3>
<p>单行</p>
<div class="container flex flex-start">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行</p>
<div class="container flex flex-start wrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>2. flex-end: 主轴终点开始水平排列</h3>
<p>单行</p>
<div class="container flex flex-end">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行</p>
<div class="container flex flex-end wrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>3. center: 将所有弹性元素视为整体,居中显示</h3>
<p>单行</p>
<div class="container flex center">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行</p>
<div class="container flex center wrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>4. space-between: 首尾元素紧贴起止点,其它元素平分剩余空间</h3>
<p>单行</p>
<div class="container flex space-between">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行</p>
<div class="container flex space-between wrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>5. space-around: 每个元素两边空间相等,相邻元素空间累加</h3>
<p>单行</p>
<div class="container flex space-around">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行</p>
<div class="container flex space-around wrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>6. space-evenly: 每个元素, 以及元素到与起止点的空间全部相等</h3>
<p>单行</p>
<div class="container flex space-evenly">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行</p>
<div class="container flex space-evenly wrap">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>

/*弹性容器通用样式*/
.container {
    border: 2px dashed red;
    margin: 15px;
    background: #cdc;
}

/*弹性元素通用样式*/
.item {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border: 1px solid;
    padding: 20px;
    background: #ede;
}

/*块级弹性容器*/
.flex {
    display: flex;
}

.container {
    width: 550px;
}

/*允许换行*/
.wrap {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/*默认值:弹性元素紧贴主轴起点开始排列*/
.flex-start {
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.flex-end {
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.center {
    justify-content: center;
}

.space-between {
    justify-content: space-between;
}

/*会千万首尾元素与容器边界的空间,只有其它元素之间空间的一半*/
.space-around {
    justify-content: space-around;
}

.space-evenly {
    justify-content: space-evenly;
}

运行实例 »

点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例

运行效果：

7.1.jpg

7.2.png

手写代码：

实例7：使用弹性元素主轴对齐来改写导航

实例7

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>使用弹性元素主轴对齐来改写导航</title>
<!--    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style8.css">-->
    <style>
        /*链接样式重置*/
        a {
            padding: 5px 10px;
            margin: 0 5px;
            border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
            text-decoration-line: none;
            background-color: lightgreen;
            box-shadow: 2px 0 1px #888;
            color: black;
        }

        a:hover,
            /*tab切换进也会激活*/
        a:focus,
        a:active {
            background-color: orangered;
            color: white;
        }

        nav {
            display: flex;
            border-bottom: 1px solid gray;
        }


        /*将导航放在主轴的任意位置上*/
        nav {
            justify-content: flex-start;
        }

        nav {
            justify-content: flex-end;
        }

        nav {
            justify-content: center;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
<nav>
    <a href="">首页</a>
    <a href="">教学视频</a>
    <a href="">社区问答</a>
    <a href="">软件下载</a>
    <a href="">联系我们</a>
</nav>
</body>
</html>

运行实例 »

点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例

运行效果：

8.1.png

手写代码：

实例8：弹性元素在垂直方向(交叉轴)上的对齐方式

实例8

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>弹性元素在垂直方向(交叉轴)上的对齐方式</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style9.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>弹性元素在垂直轴上分布方式:</h1>
<h3>1. stretch: 默认值, 元素高度自动拉伸充满整个容器</h3>
<p>单行容器:</p>
<div class="container flex stretch">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行容器:</p>
<div class="container flex wrap wrap-stretch">
<!--    如果你发现元素垂直并未对齐,是因为数字宽度造成, 将1改为2试试-->
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>2. flex-start: 元素紧贴容器起点</h3>
<p>单行容器:</p>
<div class="container flex flex-start">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行容器:</p>
<div class="container flex wrap wrap-flex-start">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>3. flex-end: 元素紧贴容器终点</h3>
<p>单行容器:</p>
<div class="container flex flex-end">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行容器:</p>
<div class="container flex wrap wrap-flex-end">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>4. center: 元素中点与垂直轴中点对齐, 居中显示</h3>
<p>单行容器:</p>
<div class="container flex center">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
</div>
<p>多行容器:</p>
<div class="container flex wrap wrap-center">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>5. 垂直方向首尾行紧贴起止点,其它行平分剩余空间</h3>
<div class="container flex wrap wrap-space-between">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>6. 每个元素两边空间相等,相邻元素空间累加</h3>
<div class="container flex wrap wrap-space-around">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>7. 每个元素, 以及元素到与起止点的空间全部相等</h3>
<div class="container flex wrap wrap-space-evenly">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
</div>

<hr style="height: 3px; background:green;">

<h3>8. 小案例: 结合主轴, 实现空间全部平均分配</h3>
<div class="container flex wrap wrap-space-evenly all-align">
    <span class="item">item1</span>
    <span class="item">item2</span>
    <span class="item">item3</span>
    <span class="item">item4</span>
    <span class="item">item5</span>
    <span class="item">item6</span>
    <span class="item">item7</span>
    <span class="item">item8</span>
    <span class="item">item9</span>
    <span class="item">item10</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>

@import "public.css";

.container {
    width: 550px;
    height: 300px;
}

/*允许换行*/
.wrap {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/************ 单行容器 ************/

/*1. 单行自动拉伸*/
.stretch {
    align-items: stretch;

}

/*2. 单行起点对齐*/
.flex-start {
    align-items: flex-start;
}

/*3. 单行终点对齐*/
.flex-end {
    align-items: flex-end;
}

/*4. 单行居中对齐*/
.center {
    align-items: center;
}


/************ 多行容器 ************/

/*1. 多行自动拉伸*/
.wrap-stretch {
    /*每一行的对齐方式*/
    align-content: stretch;
}

/*2. 多行起点对齐*/
.wrap-flex-start {
    align-content: flex-start;
}

/*3. 多行终点对齐*/
.wrap-flex-end {
    align-content: flex-end;
}

/* 4. 多行居中对齐 */
.wrap-center {
    align-content: center;
}

/*5. space-between*/
.wrap-space-between {
    align-content: space-between;
}

/*6. space-around*/
.wrap-space-around {
    align-content: space-around;
}

/*7. space-evenly*/
.wrap-space-evenly {
    align-content: space-evenly;
}

/*实战: 元素的水平垂直全部平均对齐*/
.all-align {
    justify-content: space-evenly;
    align-content: space-evenly;
}

运行实例 »

点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例

运行效果：

9.1.jpg

9.2.png

9.3.png

9.4.png

9.5.png

9.6.png

手写代码：

总结：

9.10.png

Correction status：qualified

Teacher's comments：导图对于学习很有用的

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2019-10-30 16:44:16