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grid的建立与划分形式、默认和命名在网格线和网格区域的形式、项目与单元格的对齐方式以及项目之间的间距
雷斯提亚
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grid 容器

1. grid容器的行和列

1.1 创建grid容器

  • 文本:display: grid
序号 文本 描述
1 grid-template-columns 创建列,后面有几位数表示有多少列
2 grid-template-rows 创建行,后面有几位数表示有多少行
注:

对于放置不下的项目,会隐式生成单元格:

序号 文本 举例
1 geid-auto-rows geid-auto-rows:auto
例:
  1. <head>
  2. <style>
  3. .container{
  4. width: 400px;
  5. height: 400px;
  6. background-color:pink;
  7. display: grid;
  8. grid-template-columns: 100px 100px 100px;
  9. grid-template-rows: 100px 100px 100px;
  10. }
  11. .item{
  12. background-color: royalblue;
  13. font-size: 2.5rem;
  14. }
  15. </style>
  16. </head>
  17. <body>
  18. <div class="container">
  19. <div class="item document1">1</div>
  20. <div class="item document2">2</div>
  21. <div class="item document3">3</div>
  22. <div class="item document4">4</div>
  23. <div class="item document5">5</div>
  24. <div class="item document6">6</div>
  25. <div class="item document7">7</div>
  26. <div class="item document8">8</div>
  27. <div class="item document9">9</div>
  28. <div class="item document10">10</div>
  29. </div>

1.2 grid行和列的设置:

  • (1)固定值:
    1. grid-template-columns: 100px 100px 100px;
    2. grid-template-rows: 100px 100px 100px;
  • (2)百分比:

    1. grid-template-columns: 10% 30% auto;
    2. grid-template-rows: 20% 30% 20%;

  • (3)比例:

    1. grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr 2fr;
    2. grid-template-rows: 2fr auto 3fr;

  • (4)重复设置:

  1. grid-template-columns: repeat(3,100px);
  2. grid-template-rows: repeat(3,50px);

  • (5)分组设置:

    1. grid-template-columns: repeat(2,100px 80px);
    2. grid-template-rows: repeat(2,60px 100px);

  • (6)弹性:

    1. grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(80px,100px));
    2. grid-template-rows: repeat(2,minmax(50px,100px));

  • (7)自动填充:

    1. grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill,100px);
    2. grid-template-rows: repeat(auto-fill,90px);
    3. }


2. 用默认的网格线来划分单元格:

2.1 属性:

序号 属性 描述
1 grid-row-start 网格线水平开始位置
2 grid-row-end 网格线水平结束位置
3 grid-column-start 网格线垂直开始位置
4 grid-column-end 网格线垂直结束位置
例:
  1. <head>
  2. <style>
  3. .container{
  4. width: 400px;
  5. height: 400px;
  6. background-color:pink;
  7. display: grid;
  8. grid-template-columns: repeat(4,1fr);
  9. grid-template-rows: repeat(4,1fr);
  10. }
  11. .item{
  12. background-color: royalblue;
  13. font-size: 2.5rem;
  14. }
  15. .document1{
  16. background-color: red;
  17. grid-row-start: 1;
  18. grid-row-end: 3;
  19. grid-column-start: 1;
  20. grid-column-end: 3;
  21. }
  22. </style>
  23. </head>

2.2 简写:

  • 格式:grid-row(grid-column):start/end
例:
  1. .document1{
  2. background-color: red;
  3. grid-row: 1/3;
  4. grid-column: 1/3;
  5. }

3. 使用命名网格线来划分单元格

3.1 属性:

  • (1)格式:[r1-start]
  • (2)前面的字母可以随意变换
  • (3)需要写到grid-template-column/rows后面
    举例:
    1. <style>
    2. .container{
    3. width: 400px;
    4. height: 400px;
    5. background-color:pink;
    6. display: grid;
    7. grid-template-columns: [c1-start] 100px [c1-end c2-start] 100px [c2-end c3-start] 100px [c3-end c4-start] 100px [c4-end];
    8. grid-template-rows:[r1-start] 100px [r1-end r2-start] 100px [r2-end r3-start] 100px [r3-end r4-start] 100px [r4-end];
    9. }
    10. .item{
    11. background-color: royalblue;
    12. font-size: 2.5rem;
    13. }
    14. .document1{
    15. background-color: chartreuse;
    16. grid-column-end: c2-end;
    17. grid-row-end: r2-end;
    18. }
    19. .document3{
    20. background-color: crimson;
    21. grid-row-start: r3-start;
    22. grid-column-start: c2-start;
    23. }
    24. </style>
    注:
  • 默认就是跨越一行/一列,所以可以省略

3.2 简写:

  • 语法:``
    1. .document1{
    2. background-color: chartreuse;
    3. grid-column:c3-start/c4-start;
    4. grid-row: r2-start/r2-end;
    5. }
    6. .document3{
    7. background-color: crimson;
    8. grid-column:c2-start/c3-start;
    9. grid-row: r3-start/r3-end;
    10. }

3.3 用偏移量来转化:

  1. .document1{
  2. background-color: chartreuse;
  3. grid-column-start: span 2;
  4. grid-row-start: span 2;
  5. }
  6. .document3{
  7. background-color: crimson;
  8. grid-column-start: span 2;
  9. grid-row-start: span 1;
  10. }

4.默认网格区域:

  • 格式:grid-area: grid-row-start / grid-column-start / grid-row-end / grid-column-end
例:
  1. .document1{
  2. background-color: chartreuse;
  3. grid-area: 1/1/3/3;
  4. }
  5. .document3{
  6. background-color: crimson;
  7. grid-area: 2/3/span 1/span 2;
  8. }

5. 命名网格区域

  • 格式:grid-template-area: "-- -- --"
  • 注:设置网格命名区域,相同名称的命名区域会合并
例:
  1. <head>
  2. <style>
  3. .container{
  4. width: 400px;
  5. height: 400px;
  6. background-color:pink;
  7. display: grid;
  8. grid-template-columns: 60px auto 100px;
  9. grid-template-rows:50px auto 80px;
  10. grid-template-areas:
  11. "heard heard heard"
  12. "left main right"
  13. "footer footer footer";
  14. }
  15. .item{
  16. background-color: royalblue;
  17. font-size: 2.5rem;
  18. }
  19. .document1{
  20. background-color: chartreuse;
  21. grid-area: heard;
  22. }
  23. .document2{
  24. background-color: lightcoral;
  25. grid-area: left;
  26. }
  27. .document3{
  28. background-color: crimson;
  29. grid-area: main;
  30. }
  31. .document4{
  32. background-color: lightslategrey;
  33. grid-area:right;
  34. }
  35. .document5{
  36. grid-area: footer;
  37. }
  38. </style>
  39. </head>
  40. <body>
  41. <div class="container">
  42. <div class="item document1">1</div>
  43. <div class="item document2">2</div>
  44. <div class="item document3">3</div>
  45. <div class="item document4">4</div>
  46. <div class="item document5">5</div>
  47. </div>
  48. </body>

6. 网格区域占位符

例:
  1. grid-template-areas:
  2. "heard heard heard"
  3. ". . ."
  4. "footer footer footer";
  5. .item{
  6. background-color: royalblue;
  7. font-size: 2.5rem;
  8. }
  9. .document1{
  10. background-color: chartreuse;
  11. grid-area: heard;
  12. }
  13. .document2{
  14. background-color: lightcoral;
  15. }
  16. .document3{
  17. background-color: crimson;
  18. }
  19. .document4{
  20. background-color: lightslategrey;
  21. }
  22. .document5{
  23. grid-area: footer;
  24. }

7. 设置单元格在容器中的对齐方式

  • (1)justify-content:主轴对齐方式
  • (2)align-content:交叉轴对齐方式

    7.1 属性设置:

    例:
    1. .container{
    2. width: 400px;
    3. height: 400px;
    4. background-color:pink;
    5. display: grid;
    6. grid-template-columns: repeat(3,100px);
    7. grid-template-rows:repeat(3,100px);
    8. justify-content: space-evenly;
    9. align-content: space-around;
    10. }

    7.2 对齐方式简写:

  • 语法:place-content: 垂直对齐 水平对齐
    例:
    1. .container{
    2. width: 400px;
    3. height: 400px;
    4. background-color:pink;
    5. display: grid;
    6. grid-template-columns: repeat(3,100px);
    7. grid-template-rows:repeat(3,100px);
    8. place-content: space-evenly space-around;
    9. }

8. 设置项目在单元格中的对齐方式

  • (1)justify-items:网格中的内容顺着主轴对齐
  • (2)align-items:网格中的内容顺着交叉轴对齐

    8.1 属性设置:

    例:
  1. justify-items: end;
  2. align-items:start

8.2 对齐方式简写:

  • 语法:place-items: 垂直 水平
    例:
    1. place-items: start end;

9. 设置某个项目在单元格的对齐方式

  • (1)justify-self单个网格中的内容顺着主轴对齐
  • (2)align-self单个网格中的内容顺着交叉轴对齐

    9.1 属性设置:

    例:
    1. .container{
    2. width: 400px;
    3. height: 400px;
    4. background-color:pink;
    5. display: grid;
    6. grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
    7. grid-template-rows:repeat(3,1fr);
    8. }
    9. .item{
    10. background-color: royalblue;
    11. font-size: 2.5rem;
    12. }
    13. .document1{
    14. background-color: chartreuse;
    15. justify-self: center;
    16. align-self: center;
    17. }
    18. .document2{
    19. background-color: lightcoral;
    20. justify-self: end;
    21. align-self:end
    22. }

    9.2 对齐方式简写:

    1. .document1{
    2. background-color: chartreuse;
    3. place-self: center center;
    4. }
    5. .document2{
    6. background-color: lightcoral;
    7. place-self: end end;

10. 设置项目之间的间距

  • 语法:gap:竖直方向 水平方向
    例:
    1. .container{
    2. width: 400px;
    3. height: 400px;
    4. background-color:pink;
    5. display: grid;
    6. grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
    7. grid-template-rows:repeat(3,1fr);
    8. gap: 10px 20px;
    9. }

课程总结:

  • (1)grid容器也需要display属性创建
  • (2)grid可以显式地划分行与列:grid-template-row/column
  • (3)grid划分行与列可以用不同形式划分(例:固定值、百分比、比例等等)
  • (4)grid划分单元格可以用默认网格线和命名网格线来划分
  • (5)默认网格线:grid-row(column)-start(end)
  • (6)命名网格线:grid-row(column)-start(end):r1-start/r3-end
  • (7)默认网格区域:grid-area: row-start / column-start / row-end / column-end
  • (8)单元格在容器中的对齐方式:justify-content/align-content
  • (9)项目在单元格中的对齐方式(某个项目在单元格中的对齐方式):justify-items/align-items
  • (10)项目之间的间距:gap:竖直方向 水平方向
Correcting teacher:天蓬老师天蓬老师

Correction status:qualified

Teacher's comments:grid布局的强大之处, 以后会体会到
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