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php trait使用详解
王娇
Original
1079 people have browsed it

学习总结

  • 一个类中可以引入多个trait,中间用逗号隔开
  • 如果使用trait后，出现方法命名冲突，可以使用insteadof关键字进行替代，或者使用as关键字起个别名
  • 可以在trait中实现接口的方法，然后在工作类中使用trait
  • 幸运大转盘实例

1.类中引入多个trait后，方法命名冲突的解决办法

  2. <?php
  3. //一个类中可以引入多个trait
  4. //trait中的方法如果重名
  5. //1.可以使用insteadof关键字进行替代
  6. //2.可以使用as关键字起一个别名，还可以修改方法的访问限制
  7. trait tQhdx
  8. {
  9.     public function printSDCInfo($school = '清华大学',$department = '自动化系',$classes = '05-01')
  10.     {
  11.         echo '班名：',$classes,'<br>';
  12.         echo '系名：',$department,'<br>';
  13.         echo '校名：',$school,'<br>';
  14.         echo '<hr>';
  15.     }
  16. }
  17. trait tRmdx
  18. {
  19.     public function printSDCInfo($school = '人民大学',$department = '工商管理',$classes = '08-02')
  20.     {
  21.         echo '班名：',$classes,'<br>';
  22.         echo '系名：',$department,'<br>';
  23.         echo '校名：',$school,'<br>';
  24.         echo '<hr>';
  25.     }
  26. }
  27. trait tSchool
  28. {
  29.     use tQhdx,tRmdx{
  30.         //如果访问printSDCInfo方法，则用清华大学替代人民大学
  31.         tQhdx::printSDCInfo insteadOf tRmdx;
  32.         //给清华大学中的printSDCInfo方法起别名为printQhdx;
  33.         tQhdx::printSDCInfo as protected printQhdx;
  34.         //给人民大学中的printSDCInfo方法起别名为printRmdx,并且修改方法的访问限制为受保护的;
  35.         tRmdx::printSDCInfo as protected printRmdx;
  36.     }
  37. }
  38. class StuInfo
  39. {
  40.     use tSchool;
  41.     public function printStuInfo($name = 'angle',$age = 32,$sex = '女',$school = '清华大学')
  42.     {
  43.         echo '姓名：',$name,'<br>';
  44.         echo '年龄：',$age,'<br>';
  45.         echo '性别：',$sex,'<br>';
  46.         if ($school == '清华大学'):
  47.             $this ->printQhdx();
  48.         else:
  49.             $this ->printRmdx();
  50.         endif;
  52.     }
  54. }
  56. $stu1 = new StuInfo;
  57. $stu1 ->printStuInfo();
  59. $stu2 = new StuInfo;
  60. $stu2 ->printStuInfo('hugn',31,'男','人民大学');
  63. ?>
  • 运行效果图

2.trait中可以实现接口中的方法，而不一定在工作类中实现

  2. <?php
  3. interface iSchool
  4. {
  5.     public function printSDCInfo($school = '清华大学',$department = '自动化系',$classes = '05-01');
  6. }
  8. trait tStuInfo
  9. {
  10.     //trait中实现接口的方法，可以使工作类中的代码更加简洁，易于维护
  11.     public function printSDCInfo($school = '清华大学',$department = '自动化系',$classes = '05-01')
  12.     {
  13.         echo '班名：',$classes,'<br>';
  14.         echo '系名：',$department,'<br>';
  15.         echo '校名：',$school,'<br>';
  16.         echo '<hr>';
  17.     }
  18.     public function printStuInfo($name = 'angle',$age = 32,$sex = '女',$school = '清华大学')
  19.     {
  20.         echo '姓名：',$name,'<br>';
  21.         echo '年龄：',$age,'<br>';
  22.         echo '性别：',$sex,'<br>';
  23.         if ($school == '清华大学'):
  24.             $this ->printSDCInfo();
  25.         else:
  26.             $this ->printSDCInfo('人民大学','工商管理系','08-02');
  27.         endif;
  29.     }
  30. }
  32. //接口中的方法可以在trait中实现
  33. class StuInfo implements iSchool
  34. {
  35.     use tStuInfo;
  36. }
  38. $stu1 = new StuInfo;
  39. $stu1 ->printStuInfo();
  41. $stu2 = new StuInfo;
  42. $stu2 -> printStuInfo('hugn',31,'男','人民大学');
  43. ?>
  • 运行效果图

3.幸运大转盘实例

  2. <?php
  4. //当点击开始按钮时，每个奖品框的背景依次变为白色
  5. //在0-60中取一个随机数做为抽奖的时间（奖品框背景依次变为白色的时间），时间到后，哪个奖品的背景为白色，就选中哪个奖品
  9. ?>
  10. <!DOCTYPE html>
  11. <html lang="en">
  13. <head>
  14.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  15.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  16.     <title>幸运大转盘</title>
  17. </head>
  18. <style>
  19. * {
  20.     padding: 0px;
  21.     margin: 0px;
  22.     box-sizing: border-box;
  23. }
  25. .container {
  26.     width: 500px;
  27.     height: 800px;
  28.     margin: auto;
  29.     display: flex;
  30.     flex-flow: column nowrap;
  31.     justify-content: center;
  32.     align-items: center;
  34. }
  36. .titleImage {
  37.     width: 300px;
  38.     height: 180px;
  39.     margin-bottom: 15px;
  40. }
  42. .items {
  43.     height: 500px;
  44.     display: grid;
  45.     grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 100px);
  46.     grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 150px);
  47.     grid-auto-flow: row;
  48.     gap: 5px;
  49.     justify-content: center;
  50.     align-items: center;
  51. }
  53. .items>div {
  54.     width: 100%;
  55.     height: 100%;
  56.     background-color: lightgreen;
  57. }
  59. .items>div:nth-of-type(5) {
  60.     width: auto;
  61.     height: auto;
  62.     background-color: white;
  63.     box-shadow: none;
  64. }
  66. .items>div {
  67.     display: flex;
  68.     justify-content: center;
  69.     align-items: center;
  70.     border-radius: 30%;
  71.     box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px #555;
  73. }
  75. span {
  76.     letter-spacing: 2px;
  77.     color: blueviolet;
  78.     text-shadow: 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px #555;
  79. }
  81. img {
  82.     width: 100%;
  83.     height: 100%;
  84. }
  85. </style>
  87. <body>
  88.     <div class="container">
  89.         <div class="titleImage"><img src="luck.jpg" alt=""></div>
  90.         <div class="items">
  91.             <div><span>50银铃铛</span></div>
  92.             <div><span>10金铃铛</span></div>
  93.             <div><span>10元购书卷</span></div>
  94.             <div><span>谢谢参与</span></div>
  95.             <div><a href=""><img src="start.gif" alt=""></a></div>
  96.             <div><span>300银铃铛</span></div>
  97.             <div><span>再来一次</span></div>
  98.             <div><span>电子书一本</span></div>
  99.             <div><span>悦读卡1天</span></div>
  100.         </div>
  101.     </div>
  102. </body>
  104. </html>
  • 运行效果图
Correcting teacher：天蓬老师天蓬老师

Correction status：qualified

Teacher's comments：很有创意
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