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PHP 会话控制
Yang_Sir
Original
835 people have browsed it

1.什么是会话控制

  • 会话指的用户的浏览器与服务器的信息交互
  • 会话控制就是指控制保存浏览器与服务器的通话状态，
  • 会话控制分两种方式：cookie和session
  • cookie把信息保存在浏览器
  • session把信息保存在服务器
  • cookie保存在浏览器，session保存在服务器

设置和销毁cookie：

  1. //setcookie(名称, 值, 过期时间);时间格式为时间戳
  2. setcookie('username','admin', time()+60*10);
  3. //获取cookie中的值
  4. $_COOKIE['username'];
  5. //销毁cookie,过去时间设置为过去时间
  6. setcookie('username','admin', time()-10);

设置和销毁session：

  1. //开启seeion会话
  2. session_start();
  3. //设置session
  4. $_SESSION['username'] ='admin';
  5. //获取session中的值
  6. $_SESSION['username'];
  7. //销毁session，可以使用session_destroy()、session_unset()
  8. session_destroy();

3.实例演示

做一个演示页面，完成登录注册的功能
分别使用cookie和session两种方式保存登录信息

1.首页

  1. <?php session_start();//开启session会话 ?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
  3. <html lang="en">
  5. <head>
  6.     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  7.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  8.     <title>首页</title>
  9.     <style>
  10.     body>nav {
  11.         display: flex;
  12.         flex-flow: row nowrap;
  13.         justify-content: space-between;
  14.         align-items: center;
  15.         background-color: #400040;
  16.         /* width: 93vw; */
  17.         height: 80px;
  18.         padding: 20px 60px;
  19.     }
  21.     a {
  22.         text-decoration: none;
  23.         color: aliceblue;
  24.         font-size: 20px;
  25.     }
  27.     span>a {
  28.         text-decoration: none;
  29.         color: red;
  30.         font-size: 18px;
  31.     }
  32.     </style>
  33. </head>
  35. <body>
  36.     <!-- 导航栏 -->
  37.     <nav>
  38.         <a href="index.php">首页</a>
  39.         <?php ///*使用cookie方式*/ if(isset($_COOKIE['nickname'])):?>
  40.         <?php /*使用session方式*/ if(isset($_SESSION['nickname'])):?>
  41.         <span><a href='#'>欢迎您！
  42.                 <?php //echo $_COOKIE['nickname'];?>
  43.                 <?php echo $_SESSION['nickname'];?>
  44.             </a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="handle.php?act=logout">退出</a></span>
  45.         <?php else:?>
  46.         <a href='login.php'>登录/注册</a>
  47.         <?php endif ?>
  48.     </nav>
  49. </body>
  51. </html>

效果图
登录前：
登录后

2.登录页

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3.   <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  5.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  6.     <title>登录</title>
  7.     <style>
  8.       body {
  9.         display: grid;
  10.         justify-content: center;
  11.         align-items: center;
  12.         background-image: url('bg1.jpg');
  13.         background-size: 100vw 100vh;
  14.       }
  15.       .form {
  16.         margin-top: 220px;
  17.         width: 500px;
  18.         height: 300px;
  19.         background-color: #87a9c5;
  20.         border-radius: 5%;
  21.         display: flex;
  22.         flex-flow: column nowrap;
  23.         justify-content: space-around;
  24.       }
  25.       section {
  26.         padding: 0 30px;
  27.         display: flex;
  28.         align-items: center;
  29.         justify-content: center;
  30.       }
  31.       section > input {
  32.         height: 40px;
  33.         flex-grow: 1;
  34.         font-size: 1.5em;
  35.       }
  36.       section > label,
  37.       button {
  38.         width: 80px;
  39.         font-size: 1.5em;
  40.         /* flex-grow: 3; */
  41.       }
  42.       .form>:last-of-type{
  43.           margin-left: 30px ;
  44.           display: flex;
  46.         align-items: center;
  47.         justify-content: space-evenly;
  48.       }
  49.     </style>
  50.   </head>
  51.   <body>
  52.     <form action="handle.php?act=login" method="POST" class="form">
  53.       <section>
  54.         <label for="username">账号：</label
  55.         ><input type="text" name="username" id="username" required/>
  56.       </section>
  57.       <section>
  58.         <label for="password">密码：</label
  59.         ><input type="password" name="password" id="password" required/>
  60.       </section>
  61.       <section>
  62.         <button type="submit">登录</button>
  63.         <span>没有账号？点击<a href="register.php">注册</a>
  64.       </section>
  65.     </form>
  66.   </body>
  67. </html>

效果图

3.注册页

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  4. <head>
  5.     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  6.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  7.     <title>注册</title>
  8.     <style>
  9.     body {
  10.         background-color: #d4f3d4;
  11.         display: grid;
  12.         justify-content: center;
  13.         align-items: center;
  14.         background-image: url();
  15.     }
  17.     .form {
  18.         background-color: #acd6ac;
  19.         border: 1px solid #cccccc;
  20.         margin-top: 30px;
  21.         width: 500px;
  22.         height: 700px;
  23.         /* background-color: #cad6ca; */
  24.         border-radius: 2%;
  25.         display: grid;
  26.         grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  27.         grid-template-rows: repeat(9, 1fr);
  29.     }
  31.     section {
  32.         height: 50px;
  33.         /* border-bottom: 1px solid;
  34.         border-top: 1px solid; */
  35.         padding: 0 30px;
  36.         display: flex;
  37.         flex-flow: row nowrap;
  38.         align-items: center;
  39.         justify-content: center;
  40.     }
  42.     section>input {
  43.         height: 30px;
  44.         flex-grow: 1;
  45.         font-size: 1.2em;
  47.     }
  49.     section>textarea {
  50.         height: 60px;
  51.         flex-grow: 1;
  52.         resize: none;
  53.     }
  55.     section>label,
  56.     button {
  57.         color: rgb(105, 76, 55);
  59.         width: 120px;
  60.         font-size: 1.3em;
  61.         text-align: center;
  62.         /* flex-grow: 3; */
  63.     }
  65.     .form> :last-of-type {
  66.         margin-left: 30px;
  67.         display: flex;
  69.         align-items: center;
  70.         justify-content: space-evenly;
  71.     }
  73.     h2 {
  74.         color: brown;
  75.     }
  76.     </style>
  77. </head>
  79. <body>
  80.     <form action="handle.php?act=register" method="POST" class="form">
  81.         <section>
  82.             <h2>用户注册</h2>
  83.         </section>
  84.         <section>
  85.             <label for="username">账号：</label><input type="text" name="username" id="username" autofocus />
  86.         </section>
  87.         <section>
  88.             <label for="nickname">昵称：</label><input type="text" name="nickname" id="nickname" required />
  89.         </section>
  90.         <section>
  91.             <label for="password1">密码：</label><input type="password" name="password1" id="password1" required />
  92.         </section>
  93.         <section>
  94.             <label for="password2">重复密码：</label><input type="password" name="password2" id="password2" required />
  95.         </section>
  96.         <section>
  97.             <label for="email">邮箱：</label><input type="email" name="email" id="email" required />
  98.         </section>
  99.         <section>
  100.             <label for="phone">电话：</label><input type="tel" name="phone" id="phone" />
  101.         </section>
  102.         <section>
  103.             <label for="replay">个人说明：</label><textarea type="text" name="replay" id="replay" /></textarea>
  104.         </section>
  105.         <section>
  106.             <button type="submit">提交</button>
  107.             <button type="reset">重置</button>
  108.             <span>已有账号？<a href="login.php">去登录</a></span>
  109.         </section>
  111.     </form>
  112. </body>
  114. </html>

效果图


4.请求处理页

  1. <?php
  2. session_start();//开启session会话
  3. if(!isset($_GET['act'])){
  4.     exit('<script>alert("404!,未找到指向文件");location.href="index.php";</script>');
  5. }
  6. $dsn = "mysql:host=localhost;dbname=www.merchant.office;charset=utf8";
  7. $sql_name = "merchant";
  8. $sql_password = "merchant";
  9. // $dsn,$sql_name,$sql_password
  10. $action = $_GET['act'];
  11. switch($action){
  12.     case 'logout':
  13.         setcookie('nickname',null,time()-10);//设置cookie过期,即销毁
  14.         session_destroy();//删除session
  15.         Header("location:index.php");
  16.     break;
  17.     case 'login' :
  18.         if(isset($_POST['username'])){
  19.             $username = $_POST['username'];
  20.             $password = md5($_POST['password']);
  21.             $sql = "select `nickname` from user where `username`='{$username}' and `password`='{$password}'";
  22.             try{
  23.                 $pdo = new pdo($dsn,$sql_name,$sql_password);
  24.                 $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
  25.                 $stmt->execute();
  26.                 $res = $stmt->fetchAll();
  27.                 if(!empty($res)){
  28.                     setcookie('nickname',$res[0]['nickname'],time()+3600);//设置cookie
  29.                     $_SESSION['nickname'] = $res[0]['nickname'];//设置session
  30.                     header("location:index.php");
  31.                 }else{
  32.                     exit('<script>alert("登录失败，请检查账号密码！");location.href="login.php";</script>');
  33.                 }
  34.             }catch(Exception $e){
  35.                 $err  = $e->getMessage();
  36.                 exit("<script>alert('{$err}');location.href='login.php';</script>");
  37.             }
  39.         }else{
  40.             exit('<script>alert("请正确输入用户名和密码！");location.href="login.php";</script>');
  41.         }
  42.     break;
  43.     case 'register':
  45.         if(isset($_POST['username'])&&isset($_POST['nickname'])&&$_POST['password1']===$_POST['password2']){
  46.             extract($_POST);
  47.             $time = time();
  48.             $password=md5($_POST['password1']);
  49.             $sql = "insert  user set `username`='{$username}',`password`='{$password}',
  50.             `nickname`='{$nickname}',`email`='{$email}',`replay`='{$replay}',`phone`='{$phone}',`create_time`='{$time}',`update_time`='{$time}'";
  51.             try{
  52.                 $pdo = new pdo($dsn,$sql_name,$sql_password);
  53.                 $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
  54.                 $stmt->execute();
  55.                 if($stmt->rowCount()===1){
  56.                     exit('<script>alert("注册成功");location.assign("login.php")</script>');
  57.                 }else{
  58.                     exit('<script>alert("注册失败");location.assign("register.php")</script>');
  59.                 }
  60.             }catch(Exception $e){
  61.                 $err  = $e->getMessage();
  62.                 exit("<script>alert('{$err}');location.href='register.php';</script>");
  63.             }
  64.         }else{
  65.             exit('<script>alert("资料提交有误！");location.href="register.php";</script>');
  66.         }
  68.     break;
  69.     default:
  70.     exit('<script>alert("未知指令")</script>');
  71. }

4. 总结

  • cookie和session都可以保存信息，只不过保存的位置不一样。
  • 记录用户信息的状态，在多个页面跳转时使用能提升用户感受
  • cookie文件保存在用户本地，可能会被篡改，不用于保存重要信息
Correcting teacher：天蓬老师天蓬老师

Correction status：qualified

Teacher's comments：页面很用心, 逻辑正确
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