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PHP文件上传
蔚蓝世纪
Original
799 people have browsed it

通过PHP，用户可以把文件上传到服务器。文件上传可以分为单个文件上传、多个文件上传和批量上传。

一、单个文件上传

  1. <?php
  2. //$_FILES
  3. printf('<pre>%s</pre>',print_r($_FILES,true));
  4. $errorCode=$_FILES['my_pic']['error'];
  5. // 检查是否有文件被上传
  6. if(UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE === $errorCode) echo '<p>没有文件被上传</p>';
  7. foreach ($_FILES as $file) {
  8.     // 只要判断 error === 0 
  9.     if ($file['error'] === 0) {
  10.         $destFile = 'uploads/' . $file['name'];
  11.         move_uploaded_file($file['tmp_name'], $destFile);
  12.         echo "<img src='{$destFile}' width='200'>";
  13.     }
  14. }
  16. //检测当前文件是否是通过HTTP POST方式上传的
  17. // $tmpFileName = $_FILES['my_pic']['tmp_name'];
  18. // $orginalFileName = $_FILES['my_pic']['name'];
  19. // if (is_uploaded_file($tmpFileName)) echo "{$orginalFileName}:上传方式合法";
  21. //检测文件类型
  22. //$fileType = $_FILES['my_pic']['type'];
  23. //echo $fileType,'<br>';
  24. //if (strstr($fileType,'/',true) !== 'image') echo '<p>文件类型错误</p>';
  26. //检测上传文件的大小
  27. echo ini_get('upload_max_filesize');
  28. $errorCode = $_FILES['my_pic']['error'] ?? 'null';
  29. switch ($errorCode) {
  30.     case 1:
  31.         echo '文件超过`php.ini`中`upload_max_filesize`值';
  32.     break;
  33.     case 2:
  34.         echo '文件大小超过表单隐藏域中`MAX_FILE_SIZE`指定的值';
  35. }
  37. //文件上传异常处理
  38. class UploadException extends Exception
  39. {
  40. // 在异常子类中,可以访问并重写Exception中的四个属性,通过__toString()格式化异常输出信息
  41.     public function __toString()
  42.     {
  43.         return <<< UPLOAD
  44. <style>
  45. table {border-collapse: collapse;border:1px solid black;text-align: center;}
  46. td {border:1px solid black;padding: 5px;}
  47. tr:first-of-type {background-color:#eee;}
  48. tr:last-of-type td {color: coral;}
  49. </style>
  50. <table>
  51. <tr><td>代码</td><td>信息</td><td>文件</td><td>行号</td></tr>
  52. <tr><td>$this->code</td><td>$this->message</td><td>$this->file</td><td>$this->line</td></tr>
  53. </table>
  54. UPLOAD;
  55.     }
  56. }
  58. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  59. try {
  60.     // 上传出错的代码
  61.     $errorCode = $_FILES['my_pic']['error'];
  62.     if ($errorCode > UPLOAD_ERR_OK) {
  63.         switch ($errorCode) {
  64.             case UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE:
  65.                 throw new UploadException('上传的文件超过了 php.ini 中 upload_max_filesize 选项限制的值', 1);
  66.             break;
  67.             case UPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE:
  68.                 throw new UploadException('上传文件的大小超过了 HTML 表单中 MAX_FILE_SIZE 选项指定的值', 2);
  69.                 break;
  70.             case UPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL:
  71.                 throw new UploadException('文件只有部分被上传', 3);
  72.                 break;
  73.             case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE:
  74.                 throw new UploadException('没有文件被上传', 4);
  75.                 break;
  76.             case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_TMP_DIR:
  77.                 throw new UploadException('找不到临时文件夹', 6);
  78.                 break;
  79.             case UPLOAD_ERR_CANT_WRITE:
  80.                 throw new UploadException('文件写入失败', 7);
  81.                 break;
  82.             default:
  83.                 // 测试时建议关掉default: 避免误报影响
  84.                 throw new UploadException('未知类型错误', 8);
  85.         }
  86.     }
  88.     // 判断文件类型
  89.     $fileType = $_FILES['my_pic']['type'];
  90.     if (strstr($fileType, '/', true) !== 'image') throw new UploadException('文件类型错误',9);
  91. } catch (UploadException $e) {
  92.     echo $e;
  93. }
  94. ?>
  96. <!DOCTYPE html>
  97. <html lang="en">
  98. <head>
  99.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  100.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  101.     <title>文件上传变量$_FILES</title>
  102. </head>
  103. <body>
  104.     <!-- 上传文件时通常会写一个表单 -->
  105.     <form action="" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  106.     <fieldset>
  107.     <legend>单文件上传</legend>
  108.     <input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="500000">
  109.     <input type="file" name="my_pic">
  110.     <button>上传</button>
  111.     </fieldset>
  112.     </form>
  113. </body>
  114. </html>

输出效果：

二、多个文件上传

  1. <?php
  2. // $_FILES
  3. printf('<pre>%s</pre>', print_r($_FILES, true));
  4. //文件上传异常处理
  5. class UploadException extends Exception
  6. {
  7.     // 在异常子类中,可以访问并重写Exception中的四个属性,通过__toString()格式化异常输出信息
  8.     public function __toString()
  9.     {
  10.         return <<< UPLOAD
  11. <style>
  12. table {border-collapse: collapse;border:1px solid black;text-align: center;}
  13. td {border:1px solid black;padding: 5px;}
  14. tr:first-of-type {background-color:#eee;}
  15. tr:last-of-type td {color: coral;}
  16. </style>
  17. <table>
  18. <tr><td>代码</td><td>信息</td><td>文件</td><td>行号</td></tr>
  19. <tr><td>$this->code</td><td>$this->message</td><td>$this->file</td><td>$this->line</td></tr>
  20. </table>
  21. UPLOAD;
  22.     }
  23. }
  25. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  26. try {
  27.     // 上传出错的代码
  28.     $errorCode = $_FILES['my_pic']['error'];
  29.     if ($errorCode > UPLOAD_ERR_OK) {
  30.         switch ($errorCode) {
  31.             case UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE:
  32.                 throw new UploadException('上传的文件超过了 php.ini 中 upload_max_filesize 选项限制的值', 1);
  33.             break;
  34.             case UPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE:
  35.                 throw new UploadException('上传文件的大小超过了 HTML 表单中 MAX_FILE_SIZE 选项指定的值', 2);
  36.                 break;
  37.             case UPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL:
  38.                 throw new UploadException('文件只有部分被上传', 3);
  39.                 break;
  40.             case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE:
  41.                 throw new UploadException('没有文件被上传', 4);
  42.                 break;
  43.             case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_TMP_DIR:
  44.                 throw new UploadException('找不到临时文件夹', 6);
  45.                 break;
  46.             case UPLOAD_ERR_CANT_WRITE:
  47.                 throw new UploadException('文件写入失败', 7);
  48.                 break;
  49.             default:
  50.                 // 测试时建议关掉default: 避免误报影响
  51.                 throw new UploadException('未知类型错误', 8);
  52.         }
  53.     }
  55.     // 判断文件类型
  56.     $fileType = $_FILES['my_pic']['type'];
  57.     if (strstr($fileType, '/', true) !== 'image') throw new UploadException('文件类型错误',9);
  58. } catch (UploadException $e) {
  59.     echo $e;
  60. }
  61. foreach ($_FILES as $file) {
  62.     if ($file['error'] === 0) {
  63.         $destFile = 'uploads/' . $file['name'];
  64.         move_uploaded_file($file['tmp_name'], $destFile);
  65.         echo "<img src='{$destFile}' width='200'>";
  66.     }
  67. }
  69. ?>
  70. <!DOCTYPE html>
  71. <html lang="en">
  72. <head>
  73.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  74.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  75.     <title>文件上传变量$_FILES</title>
  76. </head>
  77. <body>
  78.     <hr>
  79.     <form action="" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  80.     <fieldset>
  81.         <legend>多文件上传: 逐个上传(一)</legend>
  82.         <input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="3000000">
  83.         <input type="file" name="my_pic1">
  84.         <input type="file" name="my_pic2">
  85.         <input type="file" name="my_pic3">
  86.         <button>上传</button>
  87.     </fieldset>
  88.     </form>
  89. </body>
  90. </html>

输出效果：

三、批量上传文件

  1. printf('<pre>%s</pre>', print_r($_FILES, true));
  2. //文件上传异常处理
  3. class UploadException extends Exception
  4. {
  5.     public function __toString()
  6.     {
  7.         return <<< UPLOAD
  8. <style>
  9. table {border-collapse: collapse;border:1px solid black;text-align: center;}
  10. td {border:1px solid black;padding: 5px;}
  11. tr:first-of-type {background-color:#eee;}
  12. tr:last-of-type td {color: coral;}
  13. </style>
  14. <table>
  15. <tr><td>代码</td><td>信息</td><td>文件</td><td>行号</td></tr>
  16. <tr><td>$this->code</td><td>$this->message</td><td>$this->file</td><td>$this->line</td></tr>
  17. </table>
  18. UPLOAD;
  19.     }
  20. }
  22. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  23. try {
  24.     // 上传出错的代码
  25. $errorCode = $_FILES['my_pic']['error'];
  26. if ($errorCode > UPLOAD_ERR_OK) {
  27. switch ($errorCode) {
  28. case UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE:
  29. throw new UploadException('上传的文件超过了 php.ini 中 upload_max_filesize 选项限制的值', 1);
  30. break;
  31. case UPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE:
  32. throw new UploadException('上传文件的大小超过了 HTML 表单中 MAX_FILE_SIZE 选项指定的值', 2);
  33. break;
  34. case UPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL:
  35. throw new UploadException('文件只有部分被上传', 3);
  36. break;
  37. case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE:
  38. throw new UploadException('没有文件被上传', 4);
  39. break;
  40. case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_TMP_DIR:
  41. throw new UploadException('找不到临时文件夹', 6);
  42. break;
  43. case UPLOAD_ERR_CANT_WRITE:
  44. throw new UploadException('文件写入失败', 7);
  45. break;
  46. default:
  47. throw new UploadException('未知类型错误', 8);
  48.     }
  49. }
  51.     // 判断文件类型
  52.     $fileType = $_FILES['my_pic']['type'];
  53.     if (strstr($fileType, '/', true) !== 'image') throw new UploadException('文件类型错误',9);
  54. } catch (UploadException $e) {
  55.     echo $e;
  56. }
  57. if ($_FILES['my_pic'])
  58. foreach ($_FILES['my_pic']['error'] as $key => $error) {
  59. // 只要判断 error === 0 
  60. if ($error === UPLOAD_ERR_OK) {
  61. // 临时文件名
  62. $tmpFileName = $_FILES['my_pic']['tmp_name'][$key];
  63. // 原始文件名
  64. $originalFileName = $_FILES['my_pic']['name'][$key];
  65. // 目标文件名
  66. $destFileName = 'uploads/'. $originalFileName;
  67. // 移动文件
  68. move_uploaded_file($tmpFileName, $destFileName);
  69. // 预览
  70.        echo "<img src='{$destFileName}' width='200'>";
  71.     }
  72. }
  74. ?>
  75. <!DOCTYPE html>
  76. <html lang="en">
  77. <head>
  78.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  79.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  80.     <title>文件上传变量$_FILES</title>
  81. </head>
  82. <body>
  83.     <hr>
  84.     <form action="" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  85.     <fieldset>
  86.         <legend>多文件上传: 批量上传</legend>
  87.         <input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="3000000">
  88.         <!-- 将name属性值以数组的形式提供 -->
  89.         <input type="file" name="my_pic[]" multiple>
  90.         <button>上传</button>
  91.     </fieldset>
  92.     </form>
  93. </body>
  94. </html>

输出效果：

四、总结

1.允许用户上传文件对于网站来说存在着巨大的安全风险，所以只能允许可信的用户执行文件上传操作。
2.上传文件时，会在服务器的 PHP 临时文件夹创建一个被上传文件的临时副本。这个临时的复制文件会在脚本结束时消失，所以要保存被上传的文件，我们需要把它拷贝到另外的位置。示例中，我们把文件保存到了名为 “upload” 的新文件夹。

Correcting teacher：天蓬老师天蓬老师

Correction status：qualified

Teacher's comments：总结很棒, 文件上传的确有着巨大的风险 , 但也是获取用户数据的重要手段, 因为很多网站都要依赖用户自产内容来维持的, 不是吗?正是因为大量用户上传自己数据 , 才让互联网更精彩, 所以做好审核很重要
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