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composer自动加载器和自撸框架

一、composer自动加载器

1.传统方式加载类文件

<?php
//1.传统方式：include / require
//加载类文件
require 'app/controller/User.php';
//注册类别名
use app\controller\User;
//调用类成员
echo User::hello();

2.注册自动加载函数

<?php 
//2.注册自动加载函数
//加载类文件使用一个内置的函数来完成
spl_autoload_register(function($class){
    //获取类的路径名称
    $path = str_replace('\\',DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,$class);
    //生成一个完整的类文件名
    $classFile = __DIR__ . '/' . $path . '.php';
    //加载类文件
    require $classFile;
});
use app\controller\User;
echo User::hello();

3.使用composer的自动加载

<?php
//3.使用composer中的自动加载
//调用的是composer中的自动加载功能
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
use app\controller\User;
echo User::hello();

在composer.json文件中注册自动加载命名空间\\ ：路径

{
"autoload": {
  "psr-4": {
    "app\\controller\\": "app/controller"
  }
},
"require": {
  "gregwar/captcha": "^1.1"
}
}

4.在项目中使用第三方依赖库/组件

<?php
//如何在项目中使用第三方依赖库/组件
//composer自动加载器
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
//注册类(验证码)
use Gregwar\Captcha\CaptchaBuilder;
$captcha = new CaptchaBuilder;
$captcha
    ->build()
    ->save('out.jpg');
//获取验证码
$_SESSION['phrase'] = $captcha->getPhrase();
echo $_SESSION['phrase'];
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <table>
        <caption>用户登录</caption>
        <tr>
            <td>邮箱：</td>
            <td><input type="email"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>密码：</td>
            <td><input type="password"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>验证码：</td>
            <td><img src="<?php echo $captcha->inline();?>" onclick="location.reload()" alt=""></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2"><button>登录</button></td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

二、自撸框架

1.采用mvc架构

模型，视图，控制器

2.下载第三方模型、视图包

模型用medoo包，用终端下载：输入composer require catfan/medoo命令
视图用plates包，输入composer require league/plates命令

3.创建自己的核心代码，分别继承第三方包

Model.php继承medoo包

<?php
//模型类
namespace core;
use Medoo\Medoo;
//继承自第三方包：catfan/medoo
class Model extends Medoo
{
    //构造方法：连接数据库
    public function __construct()
    {
        $options = [
            'database_type'=>'mysql',
            'database_name'=>'tp5',
            'server'=>'localhost',
            'username'=>'root',
            'password'=>'wang1111'
        ];
        parent::__construct($options);
    }
}

View.php继承plates包

<?php
//视图类
namespace core;
use League\Plates\Engine;
class View extends Engine 
{
    public $templates;
    public function __construct($path)
    {
        $this->templates = parent::__construct($path);
    }
}

4.按MVC框架创建属于自己的应用

创建一个目录，目录下再按mvc框架创建三个子目录，model、view、controller

模型：UsersModel.php

<?php
namespace models;
use core\Model;
//用户自定义模型通常与一张数据表对应
class UsersModel extends Model
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct();
    }
}

控制器：UsersController.php

<?php
namespace controllers;
class UsersController 
{
    //将依赖的模型对象和视图对象，使用依赖注入到构造方法中，使它在控制器中共享
    public $model = null;
    public $view  = null;
    //构造方法
    public function __construct($model,$view)
    {
        $this->model = $model;
        $this->view = $view;
    }
    public function index()
    {
        return __METHOD__;
    }
    public function select()
    {
        $users = $this->model->select('user',['id','name','username'],['LIMIT'=>5]);
        //将数据渲染到模板上（模板赋值同步完成）
        return $this->view->render('users/list',['users'=>$users]);
    }
}

视图：list.php

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>用户信息</title>
</head>
<body>
    <table border="1" cellpadding="10px" cellspacing="0">
    <caption>用户管理</caption>
    <tr>
        <th>id</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>账号</th>
    </tr>
    <?php foreach($users as $user):  ?>
        <tr>
            <td><?=$this->e($user['id'])?></td>
            <td><?=$this->e($user['name'])?></td>
            <td><?=$this->e($user['username'])?></td>
        </tr>
    <?php endforeach; ?>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

5.用composer.json实现自动加载

{
  "require": {
    "catfan/medoo": "^1.7",
    "league/plates": "^3.3"
  },
  "autoload": {
    "psr-4": {
      "models\\": "app/models",
      "core\\": "core",
      "views\\": "app/views",
      "controllers\\": "app/controllers"
    }
  }
}

composer dumpautoload 更新类的映射关系

6. 创建入口文件index.php

<?php
use models\UsersModel;
use core\View;
use controllers\UsersController;
//composer加载器
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
//测试模型
$model = new UsersModel();
//var_dump($model);
//测试视图
$view = new View('app/views');
//var_dump($view);
//测试控制器
$controller = new UsersController($model,$view);
//var_dump($controller);
print_r($controller->select());

测试模型：

测试视图：

测试控制器

Correcting teacher：

天蓬老师

Correction status：qualified

Teacher's comments：棒棒的

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