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模态框案例
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模态框案例

绝对定位的实例演示，将常见登录界面实现

以下是代码和相关注释
html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3.   <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  5.     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
  6.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  7.     <title>登录</title>
  8.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="0323.css" />
  9.   </head>
  10.   <body>
  11.     <header>
  12.       <h2 class="title">张峰的博客</h2>
  13.       <button onclick="showModal()">登录</button>
  14.     </header>
  15.     <!-- 模态框 -->
  16.     <div class="model">
  17.       <!-- 1.遮罩 -->
  18.       <div class="model-bg"></div>
  19.       <!-- 2.登录表单 -->
  20.       <!-- 2.1 表单分组 -->
  21.       <form action="" class="model-form">
  22.         <fieldset style="display: grid; gap: 1em">
  23.           <!-- 2.2表头 -->
  24.           <legend>系统后台登录</legend>
  25.           用户名:<input type="text" /> 用户密码：<input type="password" />
  26.           <button>登录</button>
  27.           <p>登录账号请联系管理获取</p>
  28.         </fieldset>
  29.       </form>
  30.     </div>
  31.     <script src="modal.js"></script>
  32.   </body>
  33. </html>

css

  1. /* 初始化 */
  2. * {
  3.   margin: 0;
  4.   padding: 0;
  5.   box-sizing: border-box;
  6. }
  7. /* 头部 */
  8. header {
  9.   display: flex;
  10.   background-color: hsl(46, 100%, 50%);
  11.   padding: 0.5em 1em;
  12. }
  13. /* 登录按钮 */
  14. header button {
  15.   margin-left: auto;
  16.   border: none;
  17.   width: 5em;
  18.   border-radius: 0.5em;
  19. }
  20. header button:hover {
  21.   background-color: rgb(240, 166, 178);
  22.   color: white;
  23.   /* 鼠标变为小手 */
  24.   cursor: pointer;
  25.   /* 延时变化 */
  26.   transition: 0.5s;
  27.   box-shadow: 0 0 5px #fff;
  28. }
  29. /* logo */
  30. header .title {
  31.   font-weight: lighter;
  32.   font-style: italic;
  33.   color: white;
  34.   /* 字符间距 */
  35.   letter-spacing: 2px;
  36.   /* 字体阴影 */
  37.   text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #555;
  38. }
  39. /* 模态框 */
  41. .model .model-form fieldset {
  42.   height: 25em;
  43.   background-color: lightcyan;
  44.   border: none;
  45.   padding: 2em 3em;
  46.   box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
  47. }
  49. /* 模态框表单标题 */
  51. .model .model-form fieldset legend {
  52.   padding: 7px 1.5em;
  53.   background-color: lightseagreen;
  54.   color: white;
  55.   margin-left: auto;
  56.   margin-right: auto;
  57. }
  59. .model .model-form fieldset input {
  60.   height: 3em;
  61.   padding-left: 1em;
  62.   outline: none;
  63.   border: 1px solid #ddd;
  64.   font-size: 14px;
  65. }
  66. /* :focus: 表单控件,获取焦点时的样式 */
  68. .model .model-form fieldset input:focus {
  69.   box-shadow: 0 0 8px #888;
  70.   border: none;
  71. }
  73. .model .model-form fieldset button {
  74.   background-color: lightseagreen;
  75.   color: white;
  76.   border: none;
  77.   height: 3em;
  78.   font-size: 16px;
  79.   height: 2.5em;
  80.   width: 5em;
  81.   margin-left: auto;
  82.   margin-right: auto;
  83. }
  85. .model .model-form fieldset button:hover {
  86.   background-color: coral;
  87.   cursor: pointer;
  88. }
  89. p {
  90.   margin-left: auto;
  91.   margin-right: auto;
  92. }
  93. /* 定位 */
  94. .model .model-form {
  95.   position: fixed;
  96.   top: 10em;
  97.   left: 38em;
  98.   right: 38em;
  99. }
  100. /* 遮罩定位 */
  101. .model-bg {
  102.   position: fixed;
  103.   top: 0;
  104.   left: 0;
  105.   right: 0;
  106.   bottom: 0;
  107.   background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  108. }
  110. .model {
  111.   display: none;
  112. }

js

  1. function showModal() {
  2.   // 获取模态框元素
  3.   const modal = document.querySelector(".model");
  5.   // 显示模态框
  6.   modal.style.display = "block";
  8.   // 焦点自动置入第一个输入框email
  9.   modal.querySelector("input:first-of-type").focus();
  10. }
  12. function closeModal() {
  13.   // 获取模态框元素
  14.   const modal = document.querySelector(".model");
  16.   // 关闭模态框
  17.   modal.style.display = "none";
  18. }
  • 登录初始样子
  • 点击登录后的样子
Correcting teacher：PHPzPHPz

Correction status：qualified

Teacher's comments：
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