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文件包含的本质与作用域,类的声明/扩展/抽象/最终/接口
lucaslwk
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文件包含的本质与作用域,类的声明/扩展/抽象/最终/接口

文件包含

  1. <?php
  2. //文件包含
  3. //? 文件包含的本质:将外部文件内容复制到当前文档中
  4. //? 文件包含中的变量共享当前作用域
  5. //include 动态,用到时再加载
  6. //require 静态,应写到顶部;加载失败,中断退出
  7. include __DIR__ . '/out/demo1.php';
  8. echo $email . '<br>';
  9. require __DIR__ . '/out/demo2.php';
  10. echo $name . '<br>';
  11. //include 加载失败,继续执行不中断
  12. include __DIR__ . '/out/demo3.php';
  13. echo $name . '<br>';
  14. //require 加载失败,中断退出
  15. require __DIR__ . '/out/demo3.php';
  16. echo $name . '<br>';

类的声明,类成员访问限制符

class,new,private,protected,public,static,$this,self

  1. <?php
  2. //常规成员
  3. class Person
  4. {
  5. //私有变量,仅限在当前类中使用
  6. private $name;
  7. //可继承, 可在本类或子类中使用, 不对外公开
  8. protected $province;
  9. //公共
  10. public $country = 'China';
  11. public function getName()
  12. {
  13. //$this引用当前类
  14. return $this->name;
  15. }
  16. //魔术方法,系统调用,实例化自动调用
  17. public function __construct($name)
  18. {
  19. $this->name = $name;
  20. }
  21. }
  22. $user1 = new Person('张三');
  23. //echo $user1->name.'<br>';
  24. //echo $user1->province.'<br>';
  25. echo $user1->country . '<br>';
  26. echo $user1->getName() . '<br>';
  27. //静态成员
  28. class Person2
  29. {
  30. //静态属性
  31. private static $name = 'Lily';
  32. //类常量: 与实例无关,用类访问
  33. const COUNTRY = 'USA';
  34. //静态方法
  35. public static function getName()
  36. {
  37. //引用当前类
  38. return self::$name;
  39. }
  40. }
  41. echo Person2::COUNTRY . '<br>';
  42. echo Person2::getName() . '<br>';

protected,extends,abstract,final,parent

  1. <?php
  2. //类的扩展/抽象/最终
  3. //protected,extends,abstract,final,parent
  4. class Person
  5. {
  6. private $name;
  7. protected $province;
  8. protected function getName()
  9. {
  10. return $this->name;
  11. }
  12. protected function __construct($name)
  13. {
  14. $this->name = $name;
  15. }
  16. }
  17. class Student extends Person
  18. {
  19. //属性的扩展
  20. private $lesson;
  21. private $score;
  22. //重写方法
  23. public function __construct($name, $lesson, $score)
  24. {
  25. //parent引用父类
  26. parent::__construct($name);
  27. $this->lesson = $lesson;
  28. $this->score = $score;
  29. }
  30. //扩展方法
  31. public function getInfo()
  32. {
  33. return parent::getName() . " $this->lesson 课程为 $this->score 分";
  34. }
  35. }
  36. $student1 = new Student('张三', 'php', '99');
  37. echo $student1->getInfo() . '<br>';
  38. //抽象类,不想让用户直接使用父类
  39. abstract class Demo1
  40. {
  41. //抽象方法:只有方法名,参数列表,没有具体实现{}
  42. abstract protected function hello($name);
  43. }
  44. // new Demo1;
  45. //最终类,无法被继承/扩展
  46. // final class Demo1
  47. // {
  48. // }
  49. class Demo2 extends Demo1
  50. {
  51. //工作类中必须实现父类中的抽象成员
  52. public function hello($name): string
  53. {
  54. return 'Hello , ' . $name;
  55. }
  56. }
  57. echo get_parent_class(new Demo2) . '<br>';
  58. echo call_user_func([new Demo2, 'hello'], '牛老师');

interface,implements

  1. <?php
  2. //interface,implements
  3. interface A
  4. {
  5. //类常量
  6. const SOURCE = 'PHP';
  7. //必须抽象,必须public
  8. //!不建议声明抽象构造方法
  9. public function m1();
  10. public function m2();
  11. }
  12. interface B
  13. {
  14. }
  15. interface C
  16. {
  17. }
  18. class User implements A, B, C
  19. {
  20. //普通类实现,须实现所有抽象成员
  21. public function m1()
  22. {
  23. }
  24. public function m2()
  25. {
  26. }
  27. }
  28. abstract class User2 implements A, B, C
  29. {
  30. //抽象类实现,允许有不实现的抽象成员
  31. public function m1()
  32. {
  33. }
  34. }
  35. //查看当前类实现的所有接口
  36. print_r(class_implements('User'));
Correcting teacher:PHPzPHPz

Correction status:qualified

Teacher's comments:
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