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类数组和纯数组区别，DOM的操作
秋闲独醉
Original
296 people have browsed it
  3. <!DOCTYPE html>
  4. <html lang="en">
  5.   <head>
  6.     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  7.     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
  8.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  9.     <title>DOM操作</title>
  10.     <style>
  11.       * {
  12.         margin: 0;
  13.         padding: 0;
  14.         box-sizing: border-box;
  15.         list-style: none;
  16.         text-decoration: none;
  17.         font-size: 1.5rem;
  18.         font-weight: bold;
  19.       }
  20.       html {
  21.         font-size: 16px;
  22.       }
  23.       fieldset {
  24.         width: 400px;
  25.         height: 200px;
  26.         /* position: absolute; */
  27.         margin: 1rem auto;
  28.         box-shadow: 0.1rem 0.2rem 0.6rem #888;
  29.         border-radius: 1.8rem 0rem 1.8rem 0;
  30.         background: linear-gradient(to bottom, lightgreen, white);
  31.       }
  32.       fieldset legend {
  33.         border-radius: 1.8rem 0rem 1.8rem 0;
  34.         text-align: center;
  35.         border: 1px solid gray;
  36.         padding: 0.8rem;
  37.         background: linear-gradient(to top, red, white);
  38.         color: white;
  39.         font-style: italic;
  40.       }
  41.       .item {
  42.         margin-left: 1rem;
  43.         margin-top: 1rem;
  44.       }
  45.       .item input {
  46.         margin-left: 2rem;
  47.         width: 250px;
  48.         border: none;
  49.         background: none;
  50.         border-bottom: 1px solid gray;
  51.       }
  52.       button {
  53.         margin-top: 15px;
  54.         margin-left: 150px;
  55.       }
  56.     </style>
  57.   </head>
  58.   <body>
  59.     <!-- 1. 自定义类数组(伪数组),并说出与纯数组的区别与联系,哪些地方会用到类数组 
  60.       2. 获取dom元素的API有几个,他们的使用场景是什么? 
  61.       3. 如何优雅的获取form表单元素与控件的值? 
  62.       4. dom元素的遍历与常用API有哪些, 实例演示 -->
  63.     <script>
  64.       //纯数组/真数组
  65.       //1.每个值都对应一个键名，键名是从0开始递增且是正整数，如0,1,2,3...
  66.       //2.有个length属性，表示数组长度
  67.       //3.prototype是Array
  68.       const colors = ["red", "orange", "blue", "green"];
  69.       console.log(colors);
  70.       //   console.log(colors instanceof Array); //true
  71.       //   console.log(colors instanceof Object); //true
  72.       //   console.log(colors.pop());
  73.       //类数组/伪数组
  74.       const animals = {
  75.         0: "dog",
  76.         1: "cat",
  77.         2: "pig",
  78.         length: 3,
  79.       };
  80.       console.log(animals);
  81.       //   console.log(animals.pop());
  82.       //类数组不具备数组的原型方法，不可以调用相关数组方法
  83.     </script>
  84.     <ul class="list">
  85.       <li class="item">item1</li>
  86.       <li class="item">item2</li>
  87.       <li class="item">item3</li>
  88.       <li class="item">item4</li>
  89.       <li class="item">item5</li>
  90.       <li class="item">item6</li>
  91.     </ul>
  92.     <script>
  93.       //dom元素的API有querySelector()和 querySelectorAll()
  94.       //querySelector()获取的是单个元素
  95.       const item = document.querySelector("ul li:nth-of-type(3)");
  96.       console.log(item); //原型是HTMLElement
  97.       item.style.color = "red";
  98.       //querySelectorAll()获取的是一组无素，返回类数组
  99.       const items = document.querySelectorAll("ul .item:nth-last-of-type(-n +2)");
  100.       console.log(items);
  101.       //forEach(回调函数)遍历
  102.       //function(当前正在遍历的值，当前值对应的索引)
  104.       //   items.forEach(function (v, k) {
  105.       //     v.style.color = "blue";
  106.       //   });
  108.       //简写
  109.       items.forEach((v, k) => (v.style.color = "blue"));
  111.       //for of 遍历
  112.       for (let v of items.values()) {
  113.         console.log(v);
  114.       }
  115.     </script>
  116.     <form action="" method="dialog">
  117.       <fieldset>
  118.         <legend>用户登录</legend>
  119.         <div class="item">
  120.           <div class="item1">
  121.             <label for="email">邮箱:</label>
  122.             <input type="email" name="email" id="email" value="jdd@22.cm" placeholder="填写邮箱" />
  123.           </div>
  124.           <div class="item2">
  125.             <label for="password">密码:</label>
  126.             <input type="password" name="password" id="password" value="222" placeholder="输入密码" />
  127.           </div>
  128.         </div>
  129.         <button>提交</button>
  130.       </fieldset>
  131.     </form>
  132.     <script>
  133.       //获取form表单元素与控件值
  134.       //获取当前页的所有表单数据
  135.       //forms[0],获取第一个表单数据
  136.       const value = document.forms[0];
  137.       console.log(value);
  138.       const form = document.querySelector("form");
  139.       console.log(form);
  140.       //获取email元素
  141.       console.log(document.forms[0].email);
  142.       //获取email元素的值
  143.       let email = document.forms[0].email.value;
  144.       //获取password元素
  145.       console.log(document.forms[0].password);
  146.       //获取password元素的值
  147.       let password = document.forms[0].password.value;
  148.       let userInfo = { email, password };
  149.       console.log(JSON.stringify(userInfo));
  150.     </script>
  151.     <script>
  152.       //4. dom元素的遍历与常用API有哪些, 实例演示
  153.       // 节点类型
  154.       // windows:全局对象
  155.       // document:文档对象,就是当前的html文件
  156.       // element:元素对象.
  157.       // text:文件对象
  158.       let ul = document.querySelector(".list");
  159.       console.log(ul);
  160.       //获取ul下的所有节点
  161.       console.log(ul.childNodes);
  162.       //获取ul下的标签节点
  163.       ul.childNodes.forEach((node) => {
  164.         if (node.nodeType == 1) {
  165.           console.log(node);
  166.         }
  167.       });
  168.       //只返回元素类型节点
  169.       console.log(ul.children);
  171.       //将类数组转为纯数组1
  172.       console.log(Array.from(ul.children));
  173.       //将类数组转为纯数组2
  174.       console.log([...ul.children]);
  175.       //ul下的第一个节点
  176.       ul.firstElementChild.style.backgroundColor = "red";
  177.       //ul下的第一个节点,的下一个节点
  178.       ul.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling.style.backgroundColor = "orange";
  179.       //ul下的最后一个节点，的前一个节点
  180.       ul.lastElementChild.previousElementSibling.style.backgroundColor = "purple";
  181.       //ul下的最后一个节点
  182.       ul.lastElementChild.style.backgroundColor = "pink";
  183.     </script>
  184.   </body>
  185. </html>
Correcting teacher：PHPzPHPz

Correction status：qualified

Teacher's comments：
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