情景:假设数据库有个值为10,有三个脚本进程同时读取了10,A进程+10保存到数据库,B进程+20保存到数据库,C进程+30保存到数据,最终数据库中的值为40!实际上我们想要的值是10+10+20+30=70,也就是说一个进程读取出来的值要依赖于另外一个进程的执行结果,而不能是同时读取,所以这里必须是以同步方式运行三个进程(A -> B -> C或者其他顺序也行,看调度)。
解决方法:使用锁机制
<?php /医院 * LockSystem.php * * php锁机制 * * Copy right (c) 2016 http://blog.csdn.net/CleverCode * * modification history: * -------------------- * 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create * */ class LockSystem { const LOCK_TYPE_DB = 'SQLLock'; const LOCK_TYPE_FILE = 'FileLock'; const LOCK_TYPE_MEMCACHE = 'MemcacheLock'; private $_lock = null; //$type对应的锁实例 private static $_supportLocks = array('FileLock', 'SQLLock', 'MemcacheLock'); public function __construct($type, $options = array()) { if(false == empty($type)) { $this->createLock($type, $options); } } /* * 功能:创建$type对应的锁实例 */ public function createLock($type, $options=array()) { if (false == in_array($type, self::$_supportLocks)) { throw new Exception("没有这种类型<${type}>的锁!"); } $this->_lock = new $type($options); } /* * 功能:获取锁 */ public function getLock($key, $timeout = ILock::EXPIRE) { if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock) { throw new Exception('该锁没有继承 ILock 接口!'); } $this->_lock->getLock($key, $timeout); } /* * 功能:释放锁 */ public function releaseLock($key) { if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock) { throw new Exception('该锁没有继承 ILock 接口!'); } $this->_lock->releaseLock($key); } } interface ILock { const EXPIRE = 5; public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE); public function releaseLock($key); } /* * 文件锁 */ class FileLock implements ILock { private $_fp; private $_single; public function __construct($options) { if (isset($options['path']) && is_dir($options['path'])) { $this->_lockPath = $options['path'].'/'; } else { $this->_lockPath = '/tmp/'; } $this->_single = isset($options['single'])?$options['single']:false; } public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) { $file = md5(__FILE__.$key); is_file($this -> _lockPath . $file . '.lock') || touch($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $this -> _lockPath . $file . '.lock'); $this->fp = fopen($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $this->_lockPath.$file.'.lock', "w+"); if (true || $this->_single) { $op = LOCK_EX + LOCK_NB; } else { $op = LOCK_EX; } if (false == flock($this->fp, $op, $a)) { throw new Exception('添加文件锁失败!'); } return true; } public function releaseLock($key) { flock($this->fp, LOCK_UN); fclose($this->fp); } } /* * sql锁 */ class SQLLock implements ILock { public function __construct($options) { $this->_db = new mysql(); } public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) { $sql = "SELECT GET_LOCK('".$key."', '".$timeout."')"; $res = $this->_db->query($sql); return $res; } public function releaseLock($key) { $sql = "SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('".$key."')"; return $this->_db->query($sql); } } /* * Memcache锁 */ class MemcacheLock implements ILock { public function __construct($options) { $this->memcache = new Memcache(); $this -> memcache -> addServer('127.0.0.1', 11211); } public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) { //$waittime, $totalWaittime, $time的单位都是useconds;$timeout的单位是秒 $waitime = 20000; $totalWaitime = 0; $time = $timeout*1000000; //动作:在等待锁没有超时并且添加失败时,进入休眠状态 while ($totalWaitime < $time && false == $this->memcache->add($key, 1, $timeout)) { usleep($waitime); $totalWaitime += $waitime; } if ($totalWaitime >= $time) throw new Exception('等待锁超时,超时时间为:'.$timeout.'秒'); } public function releaseLock($key) { $this->memcache->delete($key); } }
缺点:会阻塞其他进程的运行,因此需要:使用缓存加快锁内部分的数据读写,优化sql,适当添加索引等!