Blogger Information
Blog 94
fans 0
comment 0
visits 92709
Popular Tutorials
More>
Latest Downloads
More>
Web Effects
Website Source Code
Website Materials
Front End Template
【CSS】伪类之:结构伪类选择器 [:'冒号']【重点总结】
可乐随笔
Original
437 people have browsed it

结构伪类选择器:

  1. <!--例如:ul.list-->
  2. <ul class="list">
  3. <li class="li">item1</li>
  4. <li class="li">item1</li>
  5. <li class="li">item2</li>
  6. <li class="li">item3</li>
  7. <li class="li">item4</li>
  8. <li class="li">item5</li>
  9. <li class="li">item6</li>
  10. <li class="li">item7</li>
  11. <li class="li">item8</li>
  12. </ul>

作用:用来匹配子元素,给一个查询起点起点
例如:ul.list

匹配第1个,class 需要改HTML(不推荐!)

  1. .list > li.first{
  2. background: lightgreen;
  3. }

用伪类获取第n个: [nth-of-type(n)]

  1. /* 用伪类匹配第1个*/
  2. .list > li:nth-of-type(1){
  3. background: lightgreen;
  4. }
  5. /* 用伪类匹配第2个*/
  6. .list > li:nth-of-type(2){
  7. background: lightgreen;
  8. }

用伪类匹配第一个/最后一个: [first-of-type/last-of-type]

  1. /* 用伪类匹配第一个: [first-of-type] */
  2. .list > li:first-of-type{
  3. background: lightgreen;
  4. }
  5. /* 用伪类匹配最后一个: [last-of-type] */
  6. .list > li:last-of-type{
  7. background: lightgreen;
  8. }

伪类匹配参数用法:[一般理解:a为间隔行数,n为自然数,b为偏移量]

  1. ! :nth-of-type(an+b)
  2. * 1. a: 参数,[0,1,2,3,...]
  3. * 2. n: 参数,[0,1,2,3,...]
  4. * 3. b: 偏移量,[从0开始]
  5. /* 规则:计算出来的索引,必须是有效的(从1开始) */

匹配元素的两种场景: 1 匹配一个, 2 匹配一组

1. 匹配一个

  1. /* 1. 匹配第1个 */
  2. .list > li:nth-of-type(0n+1){
  3. background: lightgreen;
  4. }
  5. .list > li:nth-of-type(1){
  6. background: lightblue;
  7. }
  8. /* 2. 匹配第3个*/
  9. .list > li:nth-of-type(0n+1){
  10. background: lightgreen;
  11. }
  12. /*
  13. 1. 0*0 + 3 = 3
  14. 2. 0*1 + 3 = 3
  15. ...
  16. 所以可以简写 nth-of-type(3)
  17. */

2. 匹配一组

  1. /* 1. 全选 1n */
  2. .list > li:nth-of-type(1n+0){
  3. background: lightgreen;
  4. }
  5. /* 2. 全选 + 偏移量 1n + 3 :从第3个开始全选 */
  6. .list > li:nth-of-type(1n+3){
  7. background: lightgreen;
  8. }
  9. /* 计算结果
  10. * 1: 1 * 0 + 3 =3
  11. * 2: 1 * 1 + 3 =4
  12. * 3: 1 * 2 + 3 =5
  13. ...
  14. 以此类推,取完所有有效的索引
  15. */

3. 如何匹配前3个

  1. .list > li:nth-of-type(-n+3){
  2. background: lightgreen;
  3. }
  4. /* 计算结果
  5. * 1: -1 * 0 + 3 =3
  6. * 2: -1 * 1 + 3 =2
  7. * 3: -1 * 2 + 3 =1
  8. * 3: -1 * 2 + 3 =0 无效索引,结束
  9. 以此类推,取完所有有效的索引
  10. */

总结 -重点!!

  1. * a = 0: 匹配一个
  2. * a = 1: 匹配一组(正向相邻元素)
  3. * a = -1:匹配一组(反向相邻元素)
  4. * a > 1: 格行匹配(a为间隔行数)

匹配所有偶数/奇数索引的元素:常用写法-重点

1. 匹配所有偶数行元素

  1. .list > li:nth-of-type(n){
  2. background-color:transparent;
  3. }
  4. .list > li:nth-of-type(2n){
  5. background: -lightgreen;
  6. }

2. 匹配所有奇数行元素

  1. .list > li:nth-of-type(2n+1){
  2. background: -lightgreen;
  3. }

3.匹配所有奇数与偶数索引子元素的参数关键字

  1. /*
  2. 1. 偶数索引: even <==> 2n
  3. 2. 奇数索引: odd <==> 2n+1/2n-1
  4. */
  5. .list > li:nth-of-type(even){
  6. background: -lightgreen;
  7. }
  8. .list > li:nth-of-type(odd){
  9. background: -lightgreen;
  10. }

4. 表格的隔行变色

  1. .list > li:nth-of-type(odd):hover{
  2. background: -lightgreen;
  3. 手形光标
  4. cursor: pointer;
  5. 延迟0.5
  6. transition: 0.5s;
  7. }

匹配最后3个

  1. /* 将选择器 nth-of-type() 换成 nth-last-child() */
  2. .list > li:nth-last-child(-n+3){
  3. background: lightgreen;
  4. }

结构伪类选择器总结(基于类型)

  1. * 1. nth-of-type(an+b)
  2. * 2. nth-last-of-type(an+b)
  3. * 3. nth-last-child(an+b)
  4. * 4. first-of-type
  5. * 5. last-of-type
  6. 更多MDN,可以参考
Statement of this Website
The copyright of this blog article belongs to the blogger. Please specify the address when reprinting! If there is any infringement or violation of the law, please contact admin@php.cn Report processing!
All comments Speak rationally on civilized internet, please comply with News Comment Service Agreement
0 comments
Author's latest blog post