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盒子模型/定位技术 知识学习—2018年8月14日04时25分
耗子的博客
Original
1046 people have browsed it

今天学习的内容是盒子模型和定位技术,盒子模型中使用padding设置内边距,border设置边框,margin设置外边距;同时也学习了绝对定位和相对定位知识

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>盒子模型</title>
    <style>
        .box{
            width: 300px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #8be690;


            /* padding-top: 150px; */ /*上内边距为150*/
            /* padding-bottom: 150px; */ /*下内边距为150*/
            /* padding-right: 100px; */  /*右内边距为150*/
            /* padding-left: 100px; */   /*左内边距为150*/
            padding: 150px 100px;       /*简写上下左右内边距分别为150 150 100 100,默认是按照 上右下左顺序*/
        }
        body{
            margin: 0 ;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
    <img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/003/5b596217c2850304.jpg">
</div>

</body>
</html>

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实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>常用4种元素对齐方案</title>
    <style>
        .box1{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #b84430;
            text-align: center;/*在上级定义子级的水平居中*/
        }

        .span1{
            font-size: 18px;
            font-family: 微软雅黑;
            color: #fff;
            font-weight: bold;
            line-height: 200px;
        }

        .box2{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #44a42a;
            text-align: center;/*水平居中*/
            display: table-cell;/*将内联元素转换为表格单元格*/
            vertical-align: middle;/*垂直居中*/
        }

        .span2{
            font-family: 微软雅黑;
            font-size: 18px;
            color: #FFF;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
        .box3{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: red;
            display: table-cell;/*将内联元素转换为表格单元格*/
            vertical-align: middle;/*垂直居中*/
            text-align: center;
        }
        .box4{
            width: 50px;
            height: 50px;
            background-color: yellow;
            margin: auto;
            text-align: center;
            vertical-align: center;
        }
        .span3{
            font-family: 微软雅黑;
            font-size: 18px;
            color: yellow;
            font-weight: bold;


        }
        .span4{
            font-family: 微软雅黑;
            font-size: 18px;
            color: red;
            font-weight: bold;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
        .box5{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #e4e4e4;
            text-align: center;
            display: table-cell;
            vertical-align: bottom;

        }
        ul{
            margin: 0;/*设置外边框*/
            padding-left: 0;/*设置左内边距*/
        }
        li{
            display: inline;/*将块级元素转换为行内元素*/
        }
        a{
            font-family: 微软雅黑;
            font-size: 18px;
            color: #ff9835;
            text-decoration: none;/*取消下划线*/

            line-height: 50px;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>1、子元素是单行行内元素</h2>
<h4>a.子元素是单行行内元素span</h4>
<h4>b.垂直居中是在行内元素上设置与父元素div设置一样的高度:line-height:200px</h4>
<h4>c.水平居中是在父元素中应用,水平居中:text-align:center</h4>

<div class="box1"><span class="span1">子元素单行行内元素</span></div>

<hr>

<h2>2、子元素是多行的内联文本</h2>
<h4>a.在父级将内联元素转换为表格单元格:display:table-cell</h4>
<h4>b.在父级设置水平居中,text-align:center</h4>
<h4>c.在父级设置垂直居中,vertical-align:middle</h4>
<div class="box2">
<span class="span2">子元素多行内联文本</span><br>
<span class="span2">PHP中文网-PHP.CN</span>
</div>

<hr>

<h2>3、子元素是块元素</h2>
<h4>a.在父级设置将内联元素转换为表格单元格:display:table-cell</h4>
<h4>b.在父级设置垂直居中:vertical-align:middle</h4>
<h4>d.在子元素设置自适应水平居中:margin:auto</h4>
<div class="box3"><span class="span3"></span>
    <div class="box4"><span class="span4">块级</span></div>
</div>

<hr>

<h2>4、子元素是不定宽的块级元素</h2>
<h4>a.水平居中,子元素转为行内元素,父级设置:text-align:center</h4>
<h4>b.垂直居中:在父元素设置转换为单元格:display:table-cell</h4>
<div class="box5">
    <ul>
        <li><a href="">1</a></li>
        <li><a href="">2</a></li>
        <li><a href="">3</a></li>
        <li><a href="">4</a></li>
        <li><a href="">5</a></li>
        <li><a href="">6</a></li>
        <li><a href="">7</a></li>
        <li><a href="">8</a></li>
    </ul>
</div>

</body>
</html>

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实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>使用五个色块制作一个十字架-绝对定位</title>
</head>
<style>
    .box{
        width: 600px;
        height: 600px;
        /*background-color: #757d7c;*/
        position: relative; /*定位父级必须设置定位属性*/
    }
    .box1{
        width: 200px;
        height: 200px;
        background-color: #ff695d;
        position: absolute;
        top: 0px;
        left: 200px;
    }
    .box2{
        width: 200px;
        height: 200px;
        background-color: #34803e;
        position: absolute;/*绝对定位元素会脱离文档流*/
        top: 200px;
        left: 0;
    }
    .box3{
        width: 200px;
        height: 200px;
        background-color: #ffe450;
        position: absolute;/*绝对定位元素会脱离文档流*/
        top: 200px;
        left: 200px;
    }
    .box4{
        width: 200px;
        height: 200px;
        background-color: #468ecb;
        position: absolute;/*绝对定位元素会脱离文档流*/
        top: 200px;
        left: 400px;
    }
    .box5{
        width: 200px;
        height: 200px;
        background-color: #b95be2;
        position: absolute;/*绝对定位元素会脱离文档流*/
        top: 400px;
        left: 200px;
    }
    div {
        text-align: center; /*水平居中:在父元素应用*/

    }
    span{
        font-family: 微软雅黑;
        font-size: 18px;
        color: #fff;
        line-height: 200px;/*垂直居中:在行内元素上设置行高与父元素div元素等高*/
    }
</style>
<body>
<div>
    <div class="box">
        <div class="box1"><span>box1</span></div>
        <div class="box2"><span>box2</span></div>
        <div class="box3"><span>box3</span></div>
        <div class="box4"><span>box4</span></div>
        <div class="box5"><span>box5</span></div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

运行实例 »

点击 "运行实例" 按钮查看在线实例


总结:

页面上看到的所有元素,都是盒子

内容区content
边框 border
内边距padding
外边距margin


边框的两种写法一样:
border-top-width:5px;
border-top-style:solid;
border-top-color:red;

border-right:10px solid green;

文档流是元素的排列方式,总是水平排列


外边距在垂直方向上会发生塌陷,以大数值为准
多个盒子的外边距重叠是不合计的,以大的为准

Correction status:qualified

Teacher's comments:缺少手写代码!
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