CSS 在线手册
/ 媒体查询
媒体查询
响应式 Web 设计 - 媒体查询
媒体(media)查询在 CSS3 上有介绍:CSS3 @media 查询。
使用 @media 查询,你可以针对不同的媒体类型定义不同的样式。
实例
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>php 中文网</title> <style> body { background-color:lightgreen; } @media only screen and (max-width: 500px) { body { background-color:lightblue; } } </style> </head> <body> <p>重置浏览器大小,当文档的宽度小于 500 像素,背景会变为浅蓝色,否则为浅绿色。</p> </body> </html>
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添加断点
在先前的教程中我们使用行和列来制作网页,它是响应式的,但在小屏幕上并不能友好的展示。
媒体查询可以帮我们解决这个问题。我们可以在设计稿的中间添加断点,不同的断点有不同的效果。
桌面设备
手机设备
使用媒体查询在 768px 添加断点:
实例
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>php 中文网</title> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .row:after { content: ""; clear: both; display: block; } [class*="col-"] { float: left; padding: 15px; } html { font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif; } .header { background-color: #9933cc; color: #ffffff; padding: 15px; } .menu ul { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .menu li { padding: 8px; margin-bottom: 7px; background-color :#33b5e5; color: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); } .menu li:hover { background-color: #0099cc; } .aside { background-color: #33b5e5; padding: 15px; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); } .footer { background-color: #0099cc; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px; } /* For desktop: */ .col-1 {width: 8.33%;} .col-2 {width: 16.66%;} .col-3 {width: 25%;} .col-4 {width: 33.33%;} .col-5 {width: 41.66%;} .col-6 {width: 50%;} .col-7 {width: 58.33%;} .col-8 {width: 66.66%;} .col-9 {width: 75%;} .col-10 {width: 83.33%;} .col-11 {width: 91.66%;} .col-12 {width: 100%;} @media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { /* For mobile phones: */ [class*="col-"] { width: 100%; } } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"> <h1>Chania</h1> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-3 menu"> <ul> <li>The Flight</li> <li>The City</li> <li>The Island</li> <li>The Food</li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6"> <h1>The City</h1> <p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p> </div> <div class="col-3 right"> <div class="aside"> <h2>What?</h2> <p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p> <h2>Where?</h2> <p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p> <h2>How?</h2> <p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p> </div> </body> </html>
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为移动端优先设计
移动端优先意味着在设计桌面和其他设备时优先考虑移动端的设计。
这就意味着我们必须对 CSS 做一些改变。
我们在屏幕小于 768px 进行样式修改,同样在屏幕宽度大于 768px 时也需要修改样式。以下是移动端优先实例:
/* 为移动端设计: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
其他断点
你可以根据自己的需要添加断点。
我们同样可以为平板设备和移动手机设备设置断点。
桌面设备
平板设备
手机设备
在屏幕为 600px 时添加媒体查询,并设置新的样式(屏幕大于600px但小于768px):
实例
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>php 中文网</title> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .row:after { content: ""; clear: both; display: block; } [class*="col-"] { float: left; padding: 15px; } html { font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif; } .header { background-color: #9933cc; color: #ffffff; padding: 15px; } .menu ul { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .menu li { padding: 8px; margin-bottom: 7px; background-color :#33b5e5; color: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); } .menu li:hover { background-color: #0099cc; } .aside { background-color: #33b5e5; padding: 15px; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24); } .footer { background-color: #0099cc; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px; } /* For mobile phones: */ [class*="col-"] { width: 100%; } @media only screen and (min-width: 600px) { /* For tablets: */ .col-m-12 {width: 8.33%;} .col-m-2 {width: 16.66%;} .col-m-3 {width: 25%;} .col-m-4 {width: 33.33%;} .col-m-5 {width: 41.66%;} .col-m-6 {width: 50%;} .col-m-7 {width: 58.33%;} .col-m-8 {width: 66.66%;} .col-m-9 {width: 75%;} .col-m-10 {width: 83.33%;} .col-m-11 {width: 91.66%;} .col-m-12 {width: 100%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { /* For desktop: */ .col-1 {width: 8.33%;} .col-2 {width: 16.66%;} .col-3 {width: 25%;} .col-4 {width: 33.33%;} .col-5 {width: 41.66%;} .col-6 {width: 50%;} .col-7 {width: 58.33%;} .col-8 {width: 66.66%;} .col-9 {width: 75%;} .col-10 {width: 83.33%;} .col-11 {width: 91.66%;} .col-12 {width: 100%;} } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"> <h1>Chania</h1> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-3 col-m-3 menu"> <ul> <li>The Flight</li> <li>The City</li> <li>The Island</li> <li>The Food</li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6 col-m-9"> <h1>The City</h1> <p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p> </div> <div class="col-3 col-m-12"> <div class="aside"> <h2>What?</h2> <p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p> <h2>Where?</h2> <p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p> <h2>How?</h2> <p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p> </div> </body> </html>
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以上代码看起来很多余,但是他可以根据屏幕大小自动设置不同的样式,所以还是非常必要的。
HTML 实例
针对桌面设备:
第一和第三部分跨越 3 列。中间部分跨域 6 列。
针对平板设备:
第一跨域 3列,第二部分跨越 9 列,第三部分跨域 12 列:
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-m-3">...</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">...</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">...</div>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-3">...</div>
<div class="col-6 col-m-9">...</div>
<div class="col-3 col-m-12">...</div>
</div>
方向:横屏/竖屏
结合CSS媒体查询,可以创建适应不同设备的方向(横屏landscape、竖屏portrait等)的布局。
语法:
orientation:portrait | landscape
portrait:指定输出设备中的页面可见区域高度大于或等于宽度
landscape:除portrait值情况外,都是landscape
实例
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>php 中文网</title> <style> body { background-color: lightgreen; } @media only screen and (orientation: landscape) { body { background-color: lightblue; } } </style> </head> <body> <p>重置浏览器大小,当文档的宽度大于高度时,背景会变为浅蓝色。否则为浅绿色。</p> </body> </html>
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