昨天去某客户那里搭建RAC-DG的物理备库，这里把大致流程再列举一下,为不涉及泄露隐私，主要参数已替换名称，具体路径也不一致。由于客户那边的环境不允许本机用网络连接内网，因此无法截下故障时各种报警日志和trace文件的截图，只能凭回忆大致写出。 1.主库
昨天去某客户那里搭建RAC-DG的物理备库，这里把大致流程再列举一下,为不涉及泄露隐私，主要参数已替换名称，具体路径也不一致。由于客户那边的环境不允许本机用网络连接内网，因此无法截下故障时各种报警日志和trace文件的截图，只能凭回忆大致写出。
1.主库在线修改spfile参数
alter database force logging;
alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dg,dgdg)';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dgdg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdg';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE';
alter system set standby_file_management='AUTO';
alter system set fal_server='DGDG';
需重启参数：
alter system set db_file_name_convert='C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg','+data/dg/datafile' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg','+data/dg/onlinelog' scope=spfile;
2.创建pfile
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
3.修改备库用的pfile
*.__db_cache_size=0
*.__java_pool_size=0
*.__large_pool_size=0
*.__oracle_base='C:\app\administrator'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
*.__pga_aggregate_target=0
*.__sga_target=0
*.__shared_io_pool_size=0
*.__shared_pool_size=0
*.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='C:\app\administrator\admin\dg\adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=false --说明是单实例数据库，否则启动会报错
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg\control01.ctl','C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg\control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='C:\app\administrator\oradata'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='dg'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='C:\app\administrator\flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=3908042752
*.diagnostic_dest='C:\app\administrator'
*.dispadghers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DGXDB)'
*.fal_server='dg'
*.instance_number=1
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dg,dgdg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=c:\archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='ARC%S_%R.%T'
*.memory_target=8577351680
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_file_name_convert='+data/dg/datafile','C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg'
*.log_file_name_convert='+data/dg/onlinelog','C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg'
*.db_unique_name=dgdg --复制过来的pfile如果不设置这个参数，默认的值是dg
4.修改tnsnamesl.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\app\administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
dg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg-cluster-scan)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dg)
)
)
DGDG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = dgP)(HOST = dgdg)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = dg)
)
)
5.修改listener.ora(只给备库用，主库可以不配置静态监听)
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\app\administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = dg)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dgdg)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\app\administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\log
6.备库创建相关目录
c:\archivelog --指定一个本地归档路径，备库接收到的归档日志和自己生成的归档日志都放在这里
c:\app\administrator\admin\dg\adump
c:\app\administrator\admin\dg\dpdump
c:\app\administrator\admin\dg\hdump
c:\app\administrator\admin\dg\pfile
c:\app\administrator\flash_recovery_area
c:\app\administrator\oradata\dg
7.主库做rman全备
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database format 'c:\bak\full_%d_%I_%T_%U'
8.主库创建备库控制文件
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as 'c:\control01.ctl';
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as 'c:\control02.ctl';
9.复制备份文件、密码文件、pfile文件、tnsnames.ora、listener.ora到备库相应位置
10.备库创建实例
oradim -new -sid dg -startmode manual -spfile;
11.启动监听
lsntrctl start
12.启动实例到mount
set oracle_sid=dg
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup mount
13.恢复数据库
RMAN> catalog start with 'd:\bak'; --不指定会提示无法恢复数据库
RMAN> restore database;
14.备库添加standby redo logfile
SQL> alter database add standby logfile 'C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg\std_05.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile 'C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg\std_06.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile 'C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg\std_07.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile 'C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg\std_08.log' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile 'C:\app\administrator\oradata\dg\std_09.log' size 50m;
15.启用redo apply
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
16.给备库创建spfile(可选)
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
下面记录几个在整个配置过程中遇到的问题：
1.用opatch apply命令无法打patch
出现原因：11.2.0.3默认装完后的opatch版本是11.2.0.1.7,我要打的patch 27需要在这个版本之上才可以
解决方法：解压高版本的opatch安装包后覆盖原opatch目录
2.备库alert.log报警提示无法找到控制文件自动备份路径
出现原因：RAC主库之前部署过自动RMAN备份脚本，指定了控制文件自动备份路径，但备库并没有此路径
解决方法：进入RMAN，修改该项参数为备库存在的目录
3.参数设置错误而引起GAP,导致自动备份脚本停止运行
出现原因：之前在设置参数时，把主库的log_archive_dest_1参数设置了本地路径归档，如：
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=C:\archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg';
作为RAC，归档路径在本地的话，其他节点就无法读取，发现后重新设置为USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST后，那些在本地的归档日志就成为GAP而无法传递到备库
解决方法：手工复制所有提示缺失的xxx归档到指定位置，再手动执行RMAN自动备份脚本
说明：由于RMAN自动备份脚本里配置了冗余7份,而之搭建DG时手动执行了全库备份，这些手动备份也是算在7份冗余之内的，为了不占用正常备份的配额，DG搭建完成后建议物理删除，然后再crossecheck并清理掉
4.主、备库的alert.log经常会出现TNS错误
fatal NI connect error 12547
TNS-12547 TNS : 丢失连接
ns secondary err code : 12560
ns main err code : 517
TNS-00517 TNS : 丢失连接
nt secondary err code : 54
nt OS err code : 0
出现原因：节点2没有配置tnsnames.ora，造成thread 2的归档日志无法传递到备库，同时也会造成主库日志能传递过去，但无法应用。
解决方法: 把节点1的tnsnames.ora直接复制一个到节点2
说明：其实这个也是造成备库应用出现GAP的最大原因，由于节点2日志传递不到备库，虽然之前的几个归档日志序列相应的applied列的属性值都是YES，但是会造成节点1的日志也不应用，哪怕在节点1切了很多次归档，applied列始终会显示NO，但日志都是可以正常传递过去的
