浅谈unique列上插入重复值的MySQL解决方案

本文的unique列上插入重复值解决方案，主要基于MySQL平台。通过这些，可以做到一些新的功能和应用。希望本文能对大家有所帮助。 当unique列在一个UNIQUE键上插入包含重复值的记录时，我们可以控制MySQL如何处理这种情况：使用IGNORE关键字或者ON DUPLICATE K

本文的unique列上插入重复值解决方案，主要基于MySQL平台。通过这些，可以做到一些新的功能和应用。希望本文能对大家有所帮助。

当unique列在一个UNIQUE键上插入包含重复值的记录时，我们可以控制MySQL如何处理这种情况：使用IGNORE关键字或者ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE子句跳过INSERT、中断操作或者更新旧记录为新值。

<ol class="dp-sql">
<li class="alt"><span><span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword">create</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">table</span><span> menus(id tinyint(4) </span><span class="op">not</span><span> </span><span class="op">null</span><span> auto_increment,  </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>   -&gt; label </span><span class="keyword">varchar</span><span>(10) </span><span class="op">null</span><span>,url </span><span class="keyword">varchar</span><span>(20) </span><span class="op">null</span><span>,</span><span class="keyword">unique</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">key</span><span>(id));  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>Query OK, 0 </span><span class="keyword">rows</span><span> affected (0.13 sec)  </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword">insert</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">into</span><span> menus(label,url) </span><span class="keyword">values</span><span>(</span><span class="string">'Home'</span><span>,</span><span class="string">'home.html'</span><span>);  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)  </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword">insert</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">into</span><span> menus(label,url) </span><span class="keyword">values</span><span>(</span><span class="string">'About us'</span><span>,</span><span class="string">'aboutus.html'</span><span>);  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)  </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword">insert</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">into</span><span> menus(label,url) </span><span class="keyword">values</span><span>(</span><span class="string">'Services'</span><span>,</span><span class="string">'services.html'</span><span>);  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)  </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword">insert</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">into</span><span> menus(label,url) </span><span class="keyword">values</span><span>(</span><span class="string">'Feedback'</span><span>,</span><span class="string">'feedback.html'</span><span>);  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) </span></li>
</ol>

<ol class="dp-sql">
<li class="alt"><span><span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">select</font></strong></span><span> * </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">from</font></strong></span><span> menus;  </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+----------+---------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>| id | label   | url          |  </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+----------+---------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>| 1 | Home    | home.html    |  </span></li>
<li class=""><span>| 2 | About us | aboutus.html |  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>| 3 | Services | services.html |  </span></li>
<li class=""><span>| 4 | Feedback | feedback.html |  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+----------+---------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>4 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">rows</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">in</font></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">set</font></strong></span><span> (0.00 sec) </span>
</li>
</ol>

如果现在在unique列插入一条违背唯一约束的记录，MySQL会中断操作，提示出错：

<ol class="dp-sql">
<li class="alt"><span><span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">insert</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">into</font></strong></span><span> menus(id,label,url) </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">values</font></strong></span><span>(4,</span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'Contact us'</font></span><span>,</span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'contactus.html'</font></span><span>);  </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'4'</font></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">for</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">key</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'id'</font></span><span> </span>
</li>
</ol>

在前面的INSERT语句添加IGNORE关键字时，如果认为语句违背了唯一约束，MySQL甚至不会尝试去执行这条语句，因此，下面的语句不会返回错误：

<ol class="dp-sql">
<li class="alt"><span><span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">insert</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">ignore</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">into</font></strong></span><span> menus(id,label,url) </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">values</font></strong></span><span>(4,</span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'Contact us'</font></span><span>,</span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'contactus.html'</font></span><span>);  </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>Query OK, 0 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">rows</font></strong></span><span> affected (0.00 sec)  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">select</font></strong></span><span> * </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">from</font></strong></span><span> menus;  </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+----------+---------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>| id | label   | url          |  </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+----------+---------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>| 1 | Home    | home.html    |  </span></li>
<li class=""><span>| 2 | About us | aboutus.html |  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>| 3 | Services | services.html |  </span></li>
<li class=""><span>| 4 | Feedback | feedback.html |  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+----------+---------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>4 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">rows</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">in</font></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">set</font></strong></span><span> (0.00 sec) </span>
</li>
</ol>

当有很多的INSERT语句需要被顺序地执行时，IGNORE关键字就使操作变得很方便。使用它可以保证不管哪一个INSERT包含了重复的键值，MySQL都回跳过它（而不是放弃全部操作）。

在这种情况下，我们还可以通过添加MySQL4.1新增加的ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE子句，使MySQL自动把INSERT操作转换为UPDATE操作。这个子句必须具有需要更新的字段列表，这个列表和UPDATE语句使用的列表相同。

<ol class="dp-sql">
<li class="alt"><span><span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">insert</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">into</font></strong></span><span> menus(id,label,url) </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">values</font></strong></span><span>(4,</span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'Contact us'</font></span><span>,</span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'contactus.html'</font></span><span>)  </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>   -&gt; </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">on</font></strong></span><span> duplicate </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">key</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">update</font></strong></span><span> label=</span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'Contact us'</font></span><span>,url=</span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'contactus.html'</font></span><span>;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>Query OK, 2 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">rows</font></strong></span><span> affected (0.05 sec) </span>
</li>
</ol>

在这种情况下，如果MySQL发现表已经包含具有相同唯一键的记录，它会自动更新旧的记录为ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE从句中指定的新值：

<ol class="dp-sql">
<li class="alt"><span><span>mysql&gt; </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">select</font></strong></span><span> * </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">from</font></strong></span><span> menus;  </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+------------+----------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>| id | label     | url           |  </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+------------+----------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>| 1 | Home      | home.html     |  </span></li>
<li class=""><span>| 2 | About us  | aboutus.html  |  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>| 3 | Services  | services.html |  </span></li>
<li class=""><span>| 4 | Contact us | contactus.html |  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>+</span><span class="comment"><font color="#008200">----+------------+----------------+ </font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>4 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">rows</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">in</font></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">set</font></strong></span><span> (0.01 sec) </span>
</li>
</ol>