Eine einfache Möglichkeit, alle erkannten Objekte aus dem Bild zu extrahieren und sie mit YOLOv und OpenCV als separate Dateien zu speichern

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Einführung
Beispielbild
Erkennen Sie Objekte mit YOLOv8
    Mehr über verschiedene YOLOv8-Modelle
    Führen Sie das Modell aus, um Objekte zu erkennen
Erkennungsergebnisse analysieren
    Objekte mit Hintergrund extrahieren
    Extrahieren Sie Objekte ohne Hintergrund
Fazit

Einführung

In diesem Tutorial zeige ich, wie man mithilfe eines neuronalen Netzwerks alle Objekte auf einem Bild erkennt, sie extrahiert und in separaten Dateien speichert.

Dies ist eine häufige Aufgabe und es gibt viele verschiedene Möglichkeiten, dies zu tun. In diesem Artikel werde ich einen sehr einfachen Weg zeigen, indem ich das neuronale Netzwerk YOLOv8 und OpenCV verwende.

Dieses Tutorial behandelt nur dieses Thema. Wenn Sie also tief in das neuronale Netzwerk und die Computer Vision von YOLOv8 eintauchen möchten, lesen Sie frühere Artikel aus meiner YOLOv8-Reihe.

Ich werde Python verwenden, um den gesamten Code in diesem Artikel zu schreiben, daher gehe ich davon aus, dass Sie in der Lage sind, auf Python zu entwickeln. Außerdem verwende ich Jupyter Notebook, aber es ist nicht erforderlich. Sie können jede IDE oder jeden Texteditor verwenden, um den Code zu schreiben und auszuführen.

Beispielbild

Während dieses Tutorials werden wir mithilfe des neuronalen Netzwerks YOLOv8 und OpenCV Objekte aus dem Bild erkennen und extrahieren. Als Beispielbild verwenden wir das folgende Bild, das ich von der Wikipedia-Seite erhalten habe:

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicular_cycling

Wir erkennen alle Personen und Autos auf diesem Bild, extrahieren sie und speichern sie in separaten Bilddateien. Ich zeige, wie man extrahierte Objekte mit oder ohne Hintergrund speichert. Sie können je nach Bedarf entweder die erste oder die zweite Option auswählen.

Erkennen Sie Objekte mit YOLOv8

Also, fangen wir an. Die erste Aktion, die Sie ausführen müssen, ist die Installation des YOLOv8.2-Pakets, falls Sie es noch nicht haben. Führen Sie dazu Folgendes in Ihrem Jupyter-Notizbuch aus:

%pip install ultralytics

Dann importieren Sie die YOLOv8-API:

from ultralytics import YOLO

Nachdem es fertig ist, laden wir das neuronale Netzwerkmodell YOLOv8:

model = YOLO("yolov8m-seg.pt")

Diese Codezeile lädt das neuronale Netzwerkmodell yolov8m-seg.pt herunter und lädt es in die Modellvariable.

Mehr über verschiedene YOLOv8-Modelle

In diesem Tutorial verwenden wir eines der vorab trainierten YOLOv8-Modelle, mit denen 80 gängige Objektklassen erkannt werden können. Es gibt drei Arten von YOLOv8-Modellen und fünf verschiedene Größen.

Classification	Detection	Segmentation	Kind
yolov8n-cls.pt	yolov8n.pt	yolov8n-seg.pt	Nano
yolov8s-cls.pt	yolov8s.pt	yolov8s-seg.pt	Small
yolov8m-cls.pt	yolov8m.pt	yolov8m-seg.pt	Medium
yolov8l-cls.pt	yolov8l.pt	yolov8l-seg.pt	Large
yolov8x-cls.pt	yolov8x.pt	yolov8x-seg.pt	Huge

The bigger model you choose, the more quality results you'll get, but the slower it works.

There are three types of YOLOv8 models exist: for classification, for object detection and for instance segmentation. The classification models used only to detect a class of object on the image, so it can't be used for our task. The object detection models can detect bounding boxes of detected objects. These models can be used to get x1,y1,x2,y2 coordinates of each object, and you can use this coordinates to extract the object with background. Finally, segmentation models can be used to detect not only bounding boxes of the objects, but also exact shapes (bounding polygons) for them. Using bounding polygon, you can extract an object without background.

In the code above, I've loaded the middle-sized model for segmentation yolov8m-seg.pt, that can be used both to extract object with background and without it.

To detect specific object classes, that do not exist in pretrained models, you can create and train your own model, save it to the .pt file and load it. Read the first part of my YOLOv8 series to learn how to do this.

Run the model to detect objects

To detect objects on images, you can pass the list of image file names to the model object and receive the array of results for each image:

results = model(["road.jpg"])

This code assumes, that the sample image saved to the road.jpg file. If you send a single image in the list, the results array will contain a single element. You can send more and in this case, the result will contain more elements.

Parse detection results

Now, let's get detection results for the first image (road.jpg)

result = results[0]

The result is an object of the ultralytics.engine.results.Results class, which contains different information about detected objects on the image.

You can use a link above to learn more about all methods and properties, that this object contains, but here we need only few of them:

• result.boxes.xyxy - array of bounding boxes for all objects, detected on the image.

• result.masks.xy - array of bounding polygons for all objects, detected on the image.

For example, the result.boxes.xyxy[0] will contain [x1,y1,x2,y2] coordinates for the first object, detected on the image:

print(result.boxes.xyxy[0])

tensor([2251.1409, 1117.8158, 3216.7141, 1744.1128], device='cuda:0')

and the bounding polygon for the same object:

print(result.masks.xy[0])

[[       2500        1125]
 [     2493.8      1131.2]
 [     2481.2      1131.2]
 [       2475      1137.5]
 [     2468.8      1137.5]
 [     2462.5      1143.8]
 [     2456.2      1143.8]
 [     2418.8      1181.2]
 [     2418.8      1187.5]
 [     2381.2        1225]
 [     2381.2      1231.2]
 [       2350      1262.5]
 [       2350      1268.8]
 [     2337.5      1281.2]
 [     2337.5      1287.5]
 [       2325        1300]
 [       2325      1306.2]
 [     2306.2        1325]
 [     2306.2      1331.2]
 [       2300      1337.5]
 [       2300      1343.8]
 [     2287.5      1356.2]
 [     2287.5      1362.5]
 [     2281.2      1368.8]
 [     2281.2      1387.5]
 [       2275      1393.8]
 [       2275        1700]
 [     2281.2      1706.2]
 [     2281.2      1712.5]
 [     2287.5      1718.8]
 [     2356.2      1718.8]
 [     2368.8      1706.2]
 [     2368.8        1700]
 [     2381.2      1687.5]
 [     2381.2      1681.2]
 [     2393.8      1668.8]
 [     2393.8      1662.5]
 [     2412.5      1643.8]
 [     2456.2      1643.8]
 [     2462.5        1650]
 [     2468.8        1650]
 [     2481.2      1662.5]
 [     2562.5      1662.5]
 [     2568.8      1656.2]
 [       2575      1656.2]
 [     2581.2        1650]
 [     2712.5        1650]
 [     2718.8      1656.2]
 [     2737.5      1656.2]
 [     2743.8      1662.5]
 [     2768.8      1662.5]
 [       2775      1668.8]
 [     2831.2      1668.8]
 [     2837.5        1675]
 [     2868.8        1675]
 [       2875      1681.2]
 [     2887.5      1681.2]
 [       2900      1693.8]
 [     2906.2      1693.8]
 [     2912.5        1700]
 [     2918.8        1700]
 [     2931.2      1712.5]
 [     2931.2      1718.8]
 [     2937.5      1718.8]
 [       2950      1731.2]
 [     2956.2      1731.2]
 [     2962.5      1737.5]
 [     3018.8      1737.5]
 [     3018.8      1731.2]
 [     3037.5      1712.5]
 [     3037.5      1706.2]
 [     3043.8        1700]
 [     3043.8      1681.2]
 [       3050        1675]
 [       3050      1668.8]
 [     3056.2      1662.5]
 [     3062.5      1662.5]
 [     3068.8      1668.8]
 [     3081.2      1668.8]
 [       3100      1687.5]
 [     3106.2      1687.5]
 [     3112.5      1693.8]
 [       3175      1693.8]
 [     3181.2      1687.5]
 [     3187.5      1687.5]
 [     3193.8      1681.2]
 [     3193.8      1662.5]
 [       3200      1656.2]
 [       3200      1562.5]
 [     3193.8      1556.2]
 [     3193.8        1500]
 [     3187.5      1493.8]
 [     3187.5      1468.8]
 [     3181.2      1462.5]
 [     3181.2      1437.5]
 [       3175      1431.2]
 [       3175      1418.8]
 [     3168.8      1412.5]
 [     3168.8        1400]
 [     3143.8        1375]
 [     3143.8      1368.8]
 [       3125        1350]
 [       3125      1343.8]
 [     3112.5      1331.2]
 [     3112.5        1325]
 [       3100      1312.5]
 [       3100      1306.2]
 [     3087.5      1293.8]
 [     3087.5      1287.5]
 [       3075        1275]
 [       3075      1268.8]
 [     3068.8      1262.5]
 [     3068.8      1256.2]
 [       3050      1237.5]
 [       3050      1231.2]
 [     3006.2      1187.5]
 [     3006.2      1181.2]
 [       3000        1175]
 [       3000      1168.8]
 [     2993.8      1162.5]
 [     2993.8      1156.2]
 [     2987.5        1150]
 [     2987.5      1143.8]
 [       2975      1143.8]
 [     2968.8      1137.5]
 [       2950      1137.5]
 [     2943.8      1131.2]
 [     2868.8      1131.2]
 [     2862.5        1125]]

This is a list of [x,y] coordinates for all points in the polygon.

You can see below the bounding box and the bounding polygon for the first detected object:

Bounding box	Bounding polygon

As you may assume, to extract the object with background you can use the bounding box, but to extract the object without background, you will need to use the bounding polygon.

To extract all objects and save to separate files, you need to run the code for each detected object in a loop.

In the next sections, I will show how to achieve both.

Extract objects with background

First, I will show how to crop a single object, using coordinates of bounding box. Then, we will write a loop to extract all detected objects.

So, in the previous section, we extracted the bounding box for the first detected object as result.boxes.xyxy[0]. It contains an [x1,y1,x2,y2] array with coordinates. However, this is a PyTorch Tensor with values of Float32 type, but coordinates must be integers. Let's convert the tensor for appropriate coordinates:

x1,y1,x2,y2 = result.boxes.xyxy[0].cpu().numpy().astype(int);

Now, you need to load the image and crop it, using the coordninates above.

I will use a OpenCV library for this. Ensure that it's installed in your system or install it:

%pip install opencv-python

Then import it and load the image:

import cv2

img = cv2.imread("road.jpg")

The OpenCV image is a regular NumPy array. You can see it shape:

print(img.shape)

(604, 800, 3)

The first dimension is a number of rows (height of the image), the second dimensions is a number of columns (width of the image), and the third dimension is a number of color channels, which is 3 for standard RGB images.

Now, it's easy to crop the part of this array, using x1,y1,x2,y2 coordinates that we have:

img[y1:y2,x1:x2,:]

This way you get only rows from y1 to y2 and columns from x1 to x2, e.g. only the object, that is required. Let's save this cropped image to a new file:

cv2.imwrite("image1.png",img[y1:y2,x1:x2,:])

That's all. After running this code, you should see the new file image1.png. If you open it, you should see the cropped object with background:

Now, you can write a loop, to extract and save all detected objects:

for idx,box in enumerate(result.boxes.xyxy):
    x1,y1,x2,y2 = box.cpu().numpy().astype(int)
    cv2.imwrite(f"image{idx}.png", img[y1:y2,x1:x2,:])

After running this, you'll see the files image0.png, image1.png ... etc. with all detected objects on the image.

This is a full solution:

from ultralytics import YOLO
import cv2

model = YOLO("yolov8m-seg.pt")
results = model(["road.jpg"])

result = results[0]

img = cv2.imread("road.jpg")
for idx,box in enumerate(result.boxes.xyxy):
    x1,y1,x2,y2 = box.cpu().numpy().astype(int)
    cv2.imwrite(f"image{idx}.png", img[y1:y2,x1:x2,:])

Extract objects without background

First, to make an image transparent, we need to add a transparency channel to the input image. By default, JPG images do not have this channel, so, to add it using OpenCV you have to run this line of code:

img = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2BGRA)

It's easy to cut the image, using the rectangular area, as you seen in the previous section, but I did not find any Python library, that can crop a part of image, using custom polygon.That is why, we will go other way. First, we will make transparent all pixels of the whole input image, that are not in a bounding polygon and then, we will cut the object from this transparent image, using the bounding box, as we did in the previous section.

To implement the first part (make the image transparent), we will need to create and apply a binary mask to the image. The binary mask is a black and white image, on which all pixels that are white treated as pixels, that belong to object and all pixels that are black treated as transparent pixels. For example, the binary mask for the image, that contains the first object will look like this:

OpenCV has a function, that allows to apply the binary mask to the image and this operation makes all pixels on the image transparent, except pixels, that are white on the binary mask.

But first, we need to create a binary mask for OpenCV: the black image with white bounding polygon.

As I said above, the OpenCV image is a NumPy array, so, to create a black binary image, you need to create the NumPy array of the same size as original image, filled with 0.

import numpy as np

mask = np.zeros_like(img,dtype=np.int32)

This code created array with the same size as original road.jpg image, filled with 0. The data type of items in this image must be integer. Now, you need to draw white bounding polygon on it, to make it look the same, as binary mask on the previous image.

The bounding polygon for the first object located in the result.masks.xy[0]. The type of items in this polygon is float32, but for images they must be int32. To convert the polygon to correct type, use the following code:

polygon = result.masks.xy[0].astype(np.int32)

Now, the fillPoly function of the OpenCV library can be used to draw white polygon on the black mask:

cv2.fillPoly(mask,[polygon],color=(255, 255, 255))

Finally, let's make everything except the object transparent on the image, using OpenCV binary AND operation:

img = cv2.bitwise_and(img, img, mask=mask[:,:,0].astype('uint8'))

It applies binary AND operation for each pixel on the img image using the mask. So, all pixels of the image that have 0 on the mask will be transparent.

As a result, of this operation, you will have the following image:

Finally, you can crop the object from it, using the bounding box coordinates, as in previous section:

x1,y1,x2,y2 = result.boxes.xyxy[0].cpu().numpy().astype(int)
cv2.imwrite("image1.png",img[y1:y2,x1:x2,:])

after running this, the image.png file will contain the object, without background:

Now, let's extract all detected objects from the image. To do this, we need to repeat all the code from this section for each detected object in a loop:

for idx,polygon in enumerate(result.masks.xy):
    polygon = polygon.astype(np.int32)
    img = cv2.imread("road.jpg")
    img = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2BGRA)
    mask = np.zeros_like(img,dtype=np.int32)
    cv2.fillPoly(mask,[polygon],color=(255, 255, 255))
    x1,y1,x2,y2 = result.boxes.xyxy[idx].cpu().numpy().astype(int)
    img = cv2.bitwise_and(img, img, mask=mask[:,:,0].astype('uint8'))
    cv2.imwrite(f"image{idx}.png", img[y1:y2,x1:x2,:])

After running this code, you should see the image files image0.png, image1.png, image2.png and so on. Each image will have transparent background.

Here is a whole solution to extract all objects from the image with transparent background using YOLOv8.2 and OpenCV and save them to files:

from ultralytics import YOLO
import cv2
import numpy as np

model = YOLO("yolov8m-seg.pt")
results = model(["road.jpg"])

result = results[0]

for idx,polygon in enumerate(result.masks.xy):
    polygon = polygon.astype(np.int32)
    img = cv2.imread("road.jpg")
    img = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2BGRA)
    mask = np.zeros_like(img,dtype=np.int32)
    cv2.fillPoly(mask,[polygon],color=(255, 255, 255))
    x1,y1,x2,y2 = result.boxes.xyxy[idx].cpu().numpy().astype(int)
    img = cv2.bitwise_and(img, img, mask=mask[:,:,0].astype('uint8'))
    cv2.imwrite(f"image{idx}.png", img[y1:y2,x1:x2,:])

Conclusion

In this article I showed a simple way to extract and save all detected objects from image using YOLOv8 and OpenCV in less than 20 lines of code. I did not dive to many details in this post. If you want to know more about computer vision and YOLOv8, welcome to read previous articles from my YOLOv8 article series. Links to them you can find either in the beginning or in the end of this article.

You can follow me on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook to know first about new articles like this one and other software development news.

Have a fun coding and never stop learning!

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