Exception handling is a crucial aspect of error management in programming. This article delves into the customization of exception throwing, try statements, and catch blocks to handle specific scenarios.
Throwing Custom Exceptions
To throw an exception with a customized message, utilize the throw statement and specify the exception object. For instance, suppose we have a function compare(int a, int b) that should raise an exception when either integer is negative. The modified definition would involve:
#include <stdexcept>
int compare(int a, int b) {
if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
throw std::invalid_argument("received negative value");
}
}The C++ Standard Library provides an array of pre-built exception objects for convenience. Remember to follow the best practice of throwing by value and catching by reference.
Catching Custom Exceptions
After defining the exception, the next step is to handle it using try-catch blocks. The code below demonstrates catching and handling the std::invalid_argument exception thrown by compare:
try {
compare(-1, 3);
} catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
// Perform actions based on the exception
}Additional catch blocks can be daisy-chained to differentiate between various exception types. Alternatively, catch(...) catches any type of exception indiscriminately.
Advanced Exception Handling
Re-throwing exceptions with throw; allows exceptions to be propagated further up the call stack. This can be useful when a function wants to indicate that it cannot handle the exception internally and prefers to delegate it to a higher-level function.
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