Die W3C Accessibility Working Group hat die Web Accessibility Initiative ins Leben gerufen, um Entwickler bei der Integration von Barrierefreiheitssemantik in Webmuster und Widgets zu unterstützen. Bei der Schaffung barrierefreier Erlebnisse stehen Widgets im Vordergrund. Designsysteme wie Material Design, Fluent UI und Human Interface UI sind Widget-basierte Designsysteme, die mit Webkomponenten auf der Browser-Plattform erstellt werden und sich bei der Übersetzung auf native Plattformen genau an die Web Accessibility Guidelines halten. Die Verwendung dieser Semantik verbessert nicht nur die Zugänglichkeit Ihrer Websites, sondern auch Ihre Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit.
Hatten Sie jemals Probleme beim Erstellen eines Bildkarussells oder eines Warndialogs, sodass Sie dafür ein Paket von NPM heruntergeladen haben? Nicht mehr. Die Web Accessibility-Initiative steht Ihnen zur Seite. Sie verfügen über Beispiel-Widgets und Muster, die Sie mit CodePen anzeigen können. Lädt das Beispiel in Ihr Projekt herunter, ändert es und fertig. Sie wissen, wie Sie ein Bildkarussell erstellen, und Sie können darauf zugreifen, ohne ein Paket von NPM herunterladen zu müssen
Beispiel für ein Bildkarussell:
<section> <ul> <li>CSS </li> </ul> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">/* .carousel */ img.reload { padding: 0.25em; display: block-inline; position: relative; top: 6px; height: 0.9em; } .carousel { background-color: #eee; max-width: 900px; } .carousel .carousel-inner { position: relative; } .carousel .carousel-items { padding: 5px; } .carousel .carousel-items.focus { padding: 2px; border: solid 3px #005a9c; } .carousel .carousel-item { display: none; max-height: 400px; max-width: 900px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .carousel .carousel-item.active { display: block; } /* More like bootstrap, less accessible */ .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-image a img { height: 100%; width: 100%; } .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption a { cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; color: #fff; font-weight: 600; } .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption a, .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption span.contrast { display: inline-block; margin: 0; padding: 6px; background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 65%); border-radius: 5px; border: 0 solid transparent; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-items .carousel-image a { display: block; margin: 0; padding: 5px; text-decoration: none; border: none; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption a { display: inline-block; margin: 0; padding: 6px; color: black; background-color: transparent; border: none; border-radius: 5px; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption span.contrast, .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption span.contrast:hover { background-color: transparent; } .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption a:hover, .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption span.contrast:hover { background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 100%); } .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption a:focus { padding: 4px; border: 2px solid #fff; background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 100%); outline: none; border-width: 2px solid #fff; color: #fff; } .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption p { font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 0; } .carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption { position: absolute; right: 15%; bottom: 0; left: 15%; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; color: #fff; text-align: center; } /* Shared CSS for Pause, Previous and Next Buttons */ .carousel .controls { box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; top: 1em; z-index: 10; display: flex; width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 1.25em 0; } .carousel .controls button { position: absolute; z-index: 10; flex: 0 0 auto; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none; background: transparent; outline: none; } .carousel .controls button.previous { right: 70px; } .carousel .controls button.next { right: 18px; } /* SVG Controls */ .carousel .controls svg .background { stroke: black; fill: black; stroke-width: 1px; opacity: 0.6; } .carousel .controls svg .border { fill: transparent; stroke: transparent; stroke-width: 2px; } .carousel .controls svg .pause { stroke-width: 4; fill: transparent; stroke: transparent; } .carousel .controls svg .play { stroke-width: 1; fill: transparent; stroke: transparent; } .carousel .controls .pause svg .pause { fill: white; stroke: white; } .carousel .controls .play svg .play { fill: white; stroke: white; } .carousel .controls svg polygon { fill: white; stroke: white; } .carousel .controls button:focus svg .background, .carousel .controls button:hover svg .background, .carousel .controls button:hover svg .border { fill: #005a9c; stroke: #005a9c; opacity: 1; } .carousel .controls button:focus svg .border { stroke: white; } /* More accessible carousel styles, with caption and controls above/below image */ .carousel-moreaccessible { padding: 0; margin: 0; position: relative; border: #eee solid 4px; border-radius: 5px; } /* Shared CSS for Pause and Tab Controls */ .carousel-moreaccessible .controls { position: relative; top: 0; left: 0; padding: 0.25em 0.25em 0; } .carousel.carousel-moreaccessible .controls { position: static; height: 36px; } .carousel.carousel-moreaccessible .controls button.previous { right: 60px; } .carousel.carousel-moreaccessible .controls button.next { right: 6px; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-items, .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-items.focus { padding: 0; border: none; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-items.focus .carousel-image a { padding: 2px; border: 3px solid #005a9c; } /* More accessible caption styling */ .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item { padding: 0; margin: 0; max-height: none; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption { position: static; padding: 0; margin: 0; height: 60px; color: black; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption p { padding: 0; margin: 0; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption h3 { font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0; margin: 0; } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption a:hover { background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 20%); } .carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption a:focus { padding: 4px; border: 2px solid #005a9c; background-color: transparent; color: black; outline: none; }
/* * File: carousel-prev-next.js * * Desc: Carousel widget with Previous and Next Buttons that implements ARIA Authoring Practices * */ 'use strict'; var CarouselPreviousNext = function (node, options) { // merge passed options with defaults options = Object.assign( { moreaccessible: false, paused: false, norotate: false }, options || {} ); // a prefers-reduced-motion user setting must always override autoplay var hasReducedMotion = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)'); if (hasReducedMotion.matches) { options.paused = true; } /* DOM properties */ this.domNode = node; this.carouselItemNodes = node.querySelectorAll('.carousel-item'); this.containerNode = node.querySelector('.carousel-items'); this.liveRegionNode = node.querySelector('.carousel-items'); this.pausePlayButtonNode = null; this.previousButtonNode = null; this.nextButtonNode = null; this.playLabel = 'Start automatic slide show'; this.pauseLabel = 'Stop automatic slide show'; /* State properties */ this.hasUserActivatedPlay = false; // set when the user activates the play/pause button this.isAutoRotationDisabled = options.norotate; // This property for disabling auto rotation this.isPlayingEnabled = !options.paused; // This property is also set in updatePlaying method this.timeInterval = 5000; // length of slide rotation in ms this.currentIndex = 0; // index of current slide this.slideTimeout = null; // save reference to setTimeout // Pause Button var elem = document.querySelector('.carousel .controls button.rotation'); if (elem) { this.pausePlayButtonNode = elem; this.pausePlayButtonNode.addEventListener( 'click', this.handlePausePlayButtonClick.bind(this) ); } // Previous Button elem = document.querySelector('.carousel .controls button.previous'); if (elem) { this.previousButtonNode = elem; this.previousButtonNode.addEventListener( 'click', this.handlePreviousButtonClick.bind(this) ); this.previousButtonNode.addEventListener( 'focus', this.handleFocusIn.bind(this) ); this.previousButtonNode.addEventListener( 'blur', this.handleFocusOut.bind(this) ); } // Next Button elem = document.querySelector('.carousel .controls button.next'); if (elem) { this.nextButtonNode = elem; this.nextButtonNode.addEventListener( 'click', this.handleNextButtonClick.bind(this) ); this.nextButtonNode.addEventListener( 'focus', this.handleFocusIn.bind(this) ); this.nextButtonNode.addEventListener( 'blur', this.handleFocusOut.bind(this) ); } // Carousel item events for (var i = 0; i < this.carouselItemNodes.length; i++) { var carouselItemNode = this.carouselItemNodes[i]; // support stopping rotation when any element receives focus in the tabpanel carouselItemNode.addEventListener('focusin', this.handleFocusIn.bind(this)); carouselItemNode.addEventListener( 'focusout', this.handleFocusOut.bind(this) ); var imageLinkNode = carouselItemNode.querySelector('.carousel-image a'); if (imageLinkNode) { imageLinkNode.addEventListener( 'focus', this.handleImageLinkFocus.bind(this) ); imageLinkNode.addEventListener( 'blur', this.handleImageLinkBlur.bind(this) ); } } // Handle hover events this.domNode.addEventListener('mouseover', this.handleMouseOver.bind(this)); this.domNode.addEventListener('mouseout', this.handleMouseOut.bind(this)); // initialize behavior based on options this.enableOrDisableAutoRotation(options.norotate); this.updatePlaying(!options.paused && !options.norotate); this.setAccessibleStyling(options.moreaccessible); this.rotateSlides(); }; /* Public function to disable/enable rotation and if false, hide pause/play button*/ CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.enableOrDisableAutoRotation = function ( disable ) { this.isAutoRotationDisabled = disable; this.pausePlayButtonNode.hidden = disable; }; /* Public function to update controls/caption styling */ CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.setAccessibleStyling = function (accessible) { if (accessible) { this.domNode.classList.add('carousel-moreaccessible'); } else { this.domNode.classList.remove('carousel-moreaccessible'); } }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.showCarouselItem = function (index) { this.currentIndex = index; for (var i = 0; i < this.carouselItemNodes.length; i++) { var carouselItemNode = this.carouselItemNodes[i]; if (index === i) { carouselItemNode.classList.add('active'); } else { carouselItemNode.classList.remove('active'); } } }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.previousCarouselItem = function () { var nextIndex = this.currentIndex - 1; if (nextIndex < 0) { nextIndex = this.carouselItemNodes.length - 1; } this.showCarouselItem(nextIndex); }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.nextCarouselItem = function () { var nextIndex = this.currentIndex + 1; if (nextIndex >= this.carouselItemNodes.length) { nextIndex = 0; } this.showCarouselItem(nextIndex); }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.rotateSlides = function () { if (!this.isAutoRotationDisabled) { if ( (!this.hasFocus && !this.hasHover && this.isPlayingEnabled) || this.hasUserActivatedPlay ) { this.nextCarouselItem(); } } this.slideTimeout = setTimeout( this.rotateSlides.bind(this), this.timeInterval ); }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.updatePlaying = function (play) { this.isPlayingEnabled = play; if (play) { this.pausePlayButtonNode.setAttribute('aria-label', this.pauseLabel); this.pausePlayButtonNode.classList.remove('play'); this.pausePlayButtonNode.classList.add('pause'); this.liveRegionNode.setAttribute('aria-live', 'off'); } else { this.pausePlayButtonNode.setAttribute('aria-label', this.playLabel); this.pausePlayButtonNode.classList.remove('pause'); this.pausePlayButtonNode.classList.add('play'); this.liveRegionNode.setAttribute('aria-live', 'polite'); } }; /* Event Handlers */ CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleImageLinkFocus = function () { this.liveRegionNode.classList.add('focus'); }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleImageLinkBlur = function () { this.liveRegionNode.classList.remove('focus'); }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleMouseOver = function (event) { if (!this.pausePlayButtonNode.contains(event.target)) { this.hasHover = true; } }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleMouseOut = function () { this.hasHover = false; }; /* EVENT HANDLERS */ CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handlePausePlayButtonClick = function () { this.hasUserActivatedPlay = !this.isPlayingEnabled; this.updatePlaying(!this.isPlayingEnabled); }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handlePreviousButtonClick = function () { this.previousCarouselItem(); }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleNextButtonClick = function () { this.nextCarouselItem(); }; /* Event Handlers for carousel items*/ CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleFocusIn = function () { this.liveRegionNode.setAttribute('aria-live', 'polite'); this.hasFocus = true; }; CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleFocusOut = function () { if (this.isPlayingEnabled) { this.liveRegionNode.setAttribute('aria-live', 'off'); } this.hasFocus = false; }; /* Initialize Carousel and options */ window.addEventListener( 'load', function () { var carouselEls = document.querySelectorAll('.carousel'); var carousels = []; // set example behavior based on // default setting of the checkboxes and the parameters in the URL // update checkboxes based on any corresponding URL parameters var checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll( '.carousel-options input[type=checkbox]' ); var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(location.search); var carouselOptions = {}; // initialize example features based on // default setting of the checkboxes and the parameters in the URL // update checkboxes based on any corresponding URL parameters checkboxes.forEach(function (checkbox) { var checked = checkbox.checked; if (urlParams.has(checkbox.value)) { var urlParam = urlParams.get(checkbox.value); if (typeof urlParam === 'string') { checked = urlParam === 'true'; checkbox.checked = checked; } } carouselOptions[checkbox.value] = checkbox.checked; }); carouselEls.forEach(function (node) { carousels.push(new CarouselPreviousNext(node, carouselOptions)); }); // add change event to checkboxes checkboxes.forEach(function (checkbox) { var updateEvent; switch (checkbox.value) { case 'moreaccessible': updateEvent = 'setAccessibleStyling'; break; case 'norotate': updateEvent = 'enableOrDisableAutoRotation'; break; } // update the carousel behavior and URL when a checkbox state changes checkbox.addEventListener('change', function (event) { urlParams.set(event.target.value, event.target.checked + ''); window.history.replaceState( null, '', window.location.pathname + '?' + urlParams ); if (updateEvent) { carousels.forEach(function (carousel) { carousel[updateEvent](event.target.checked); }); } }); }); }, false );
Hier finden Sie Links zur Dokumentation:
https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/
https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/practices/
Hier ist die Dokumentation des Mozilla Developer Network:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API
Erstellen Sie mit der Browser-Plattform. Erstellen Sie mit Webstandards. Bauen Sie barrierefreie Erlebnisse auf. Erstellen Sie mit Webkomponenten. Erstellen Sie ohne Framework.
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