Hier sind Codebeispiele für die in Punkt 80 genannten Synchronisierer, mit Erläuterungen zur Verwendung, um das Studium zu erleichtern:
1. CountDownLatch: Einwegbarriere für die Thread-Koordination
CountDownLatch ermöglicht es einem oder mehreren Threads, zu warten, bis eine Reihe von Vorgängen, die von anderen Threads ausgeführt werden, abgeschlossen ist.
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class CountDownLatchExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { int numberOfWorkers = 3; CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfWorkers); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfWorkers; i++) { new Thread(new Worker(latch, "Worker-" + i)).start(); } System.out.println("Waiting for workers to finish..."); latch.await(); // Aguarda todos os trabalhadores chamarem latch.countDown() System.out.println("All workers are done. Proceeding..."); } static class Worker implements Runnable { private final CountDownLatch latch; private final String name; Worker(CountDownLatch latch, String name) { this.latch = latch; this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { System.out.println(name + " is working..."); try { Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 2000)); // Simula trabalho } catch (InterruptedException e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } System.out.println(name + " finished."); latch.countDown(); // Decrementa o contador } } }
2. Semaphore: Kontrollieren Sie den Zugriff auf freigegebene Ressourcen
Semaphore verwaltet eine Reihe von Berechtigungen, um den Zugriff auf begrenzte Ressourcen zu steuern.
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore; public class SemaphoreExample { public static void main(String[] args) { int permits = 2; // Número de permissões disponíveis Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(permits); for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { new Thread(new Task(semaphore, "Task-" + i)).start(); } } static class Task implements Runnable { private final Semaphore semaphore; private final String name; Task(Semaphore semaphore, String name) { this.semaphore = semaphore; this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(name + " is waiting for a permit..."); semaphore.acquire(); // Adquire uma permissão System.out.println(name + " got a permit and is working..."); Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 2000)); // Simula trabalho System.out.println(name + " is releasing a permit."); } catch (InterruptedException e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } finally { semaphore.release(); // Libera a permissão } } } }
3. CyclicBarrier: Synchronisierung an wiederverwendbaren Barrierepunkten
CyclicBarrier synchronisiert mehrere Threads an einem gemeinsamen Punkt (Barriere). Es kann wiederverwendet werden, nachdem alle Threads den Barrierepunkt erreicht haben.
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier; public class CyclicBarrierExample { public static void main(String[] args) { int numberOfThreads = 3; CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(numberOfThreads, () -> { System.out.println("All threads have reached the barrier. Proceeding..."); }); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++) { new Thread(new Task(barrier, "Thread-" + i)).start(); } } static class Task implements Runnable { private final CyclicBarrier barrier; private final String name; Task(CyclicBarrier barrier, String name) { this.barrier = barrier; this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(name + " is performing some work..."); Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 2000)); // Simula trabalho System.out.println(name + " reached the barrier."); barrier.await(); // Aguarda todas as threads chegarem à barreira System.out.println(name + " passed the barrier."); } catch (Exception e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } } } }
4. Phaser: Erweiterte und dynamische Thread-Synchronisierung
Phaser ähnelt CyclicBarrier, unterstützt jedoch das dynamische Betreten und Verlassen von Threads.
import java.util.concurrent.Phaser; public class PhaserExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Phaser phaser = new Phaser(1); // Registra o "partida principal" for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { new Thread(new Task(phaser, "Task-" + i)).start(); } // Avança para a próxima fase após garantir que todas as threads registradas concluíram System.out.println("Main thread waiting for phase 1 completion..."); phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance(); System.out.println("All tasks completed phase 1. Main thread moving to phase 2..."); phaser.arriveAndDeregister(); // Desregistra a thread principal } static class Task implements Runnable { private final Phaser phaser; private final String name; Task(Phaser phaser, String name) { this.phaser = phaser; this.name = name; phaser.register(); // Registra a thread no Phaser } @Override public void run() { System.out.println(name + " is working on phase 1..."); try { Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 2000)); // Simula trabalho } catch (InterruptedException e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } System.out.println(name + " completed phase 1."); phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance(); // Indica chegada na fase atual e aguarda System.out.println(name + " is working on phase 2..."); try { Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 2000)); // Simula trabalho } catch (InterruptedException e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } System.out.println(name + " completed phase 2."); phaser.arriveAndDeregister(); // Indica chegada e desregistra } } }
Diese Beispiele helfen Ihnen zu verstehen, wie die einzelnen Synchronisierer funktionieren. Sie können experimentieren, indem Sie die Thread-Nummern und -Timings anpassen, um die Auswirkungen auf das Synchronisationsverhalten zu beobachten.
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