有时候为了方便源码包的安装，我们需要自己订制软件包的需求，我们会把一些源码包按照我们的需求来做成rpm包，当有了源码包就可以直接编译得到二 进制安装包和其他任意包。spec file是制作rpm包最核心的部分，rpm包的制作就是根据spec file来实现的。下面是我以制作php的rpm开始介绍其制作方法。以下操作在CentOS6.6 64位系统进行。
下面我们以制作php的rpm开始介绍其制作方法。以下操作在CentOS6.6 64位系统进行。
[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# yum -y install rpm-build
[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# vim ~/.rpmmacros %_topdir /root/rpmbuild
[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# mkdir -pv ~/rpmbuild/{BUILD,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}
在redhat下，rpm包的默认制作路径在/usr/src/redhat下,但CentOS并没有该目录，因此，我们不得不自定义工作目录，这其中包含了6个目录（要求全部大写）
BUILD：源代码解压以后放的位置RPMS：制作完成后的rpm包存放目录，为特定平台指定子目录（x86_64）SOURCES：收集的源文件，源材料，补丁文件等存放位置 SPECS：存放spec文件，作为制作rpm包的领岗文件，以rpm名.specSRPMS：src格式的rpm包位置 ，既然是src格式的包，就没有平台的概念了 BuiltRoot：假根，使用install临时安装到这个目录，把这个目录当作根来用的，所以在这个目录下的目录文件，才是真正的目录文件。当打包完成后，在清理阶段，这个目录将被删除
[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# rpmbuild --showrc | grep topdir #工作车间目录：_topdir /root/rpmbuild-14: _builddir %{_topdir}/BUILD-14: _buildrootdir %{_topdir}/BUILDROOT-14: _rpmdir %{_topdir}/RPMS-14: _sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES-14: _specdir %{_topdir}/SPECS-14: _srcrpmdir %{_topdir}/SRPMS-14: _topdir /root/rpmbuildrpmbuild –showrc显示所有的宏，以下划线开头，一个下划线：定义环境的使用情况，二个下划线：通常定义的是命令，为什么要定义宏，因为不同的系统，命令的存放位置可能不同，所以通过宏的定义找到命令的真正存放位置
[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# pwd/root/rpmbuild/SOURCES[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# lsphp-5.4.45.tar.gz
[root@linuxeye.com SPEC]# pwd/root/rpmbuild/SOURCES[root@linuxeye.com SPEC]# vim php.spec #内容如下：
%define _user www%define _group www%define _prefix /usr/local/phpName: php #软件包名称Version: 5.4.45 #版本号（不能使用-）Release: 1%{?dist} #release号，对应下面的changelog，如php-5.4.45-1.el6.x86_64.rpmSummary: PHP is a server-side scripting language for creating dynamic Web pages #简要描述信息，最好不要超过50个字符，如要详述，使用下面的%descriptionGroup: Development/Languages #要全用这里面的一个组：less /usr/share/doc/rpm-version/GROUPSLicense: GPLv2 #软件授权方式URL: http://www.php.net #源码相关网站Packager: yeho <lj2007331@gmail.com> #打包人的信息Vendor: OneinStack #发行商或打包组织的信息Source0: %{name}-%{version}.tar.gz #源代码包，可以带多个用Source1、Source2等源，后面也可以用%{source1}、%{source2}引用BuildRoot: %_topdir/BUILDROOT #安装或编译时使用的“虚拟目录”Requires: libmcryptRequires: mhashRequires: mcrypt Requires: libiconv #定义php依赖的包，需要yum安装(此处使用epel源)%description #软件包详述PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML.%prep #软件编译之前的处理，如解压%setup -q #这个宏的作用静默模式解压并cd%build #开始编译软件%configure --prefix=%{_prefix} --with-config-file-path=%{_prefix}/etc \--with-fpm-user=%{_user} --with-fpm-group=%{_group} --enable-fpm --enable-fileinfo \--with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib \--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-exif \--enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --enable-mbregex --enable-inline-optimization \--enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl \--with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-ftp --enable-calendar \--with-gettext --enable-zip --enable-soap --disable-ipv6 --disable-debugmake ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' %{?_smp_mflags} #%{?_smp_mflags} 的意思是：如果就多处理器的话make时并行编译%install #开始安装软件，如make installrm -rf %{buildroot}make INSTALL_ROOT=%{buildroot} installrm -rf %{buildroot}/{.channels,.depdb,.depdblock,.filemap,.lock,.registry}%{__install} -p -D -m 0755 sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm %{buildroot}/etc/init.d/php-fpm%{__install} -p -D -m 0644 php.ini-production %{buildroot}/%{_prefix}/etc/php.ini#rpm安装前执行的脚本%preecho '/usr/local/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf/sbin/ldconfigif [ $1 == 1 -a -z "`grep ^%{_user} /etc/passwd`" ]; then # $1有3个值，代表动作，安装类型，处理类型 groupadd %{_group} -g 10000 # 1：表示安装 useradd -u 10000 -g 10000 -m %{_user} # 2：表示升级fi # 0：表示卸载#rpm安装后执行的脚本%postif [ $1 == 1 ];then [ -z "`grep ^'export PATH=' /etc/profile`" ] && echo "export PATH=%{_prefix}/bin:\$PATH" >> /etc/profile [ -n "`grep ^'export PATH=' /etc/profile`" -a -z "`grep '%{_prefix}' /etc/profile`" ] && sed -i "s@^export PATH=\(.*\)@export PATH=%{_prefix}/bin:\1@" /etc/profile /sbin/chkconfig --add php-fpm /sbin/chkconfig php-fpm on Mem=`free -m | awk '/Mem:/{print $2}'` #下面主要是参数的优化 if [ $Mem -le 640 ];then Mem_level=512M Memory_limit=64 elif [ $Mem -gt 640 -a $Mem -le 1280 ];then Mem_level=1G Memory_limit=128 elif [ $Mem -gt 1280 -a $Mem -le 2500 ];then Mem_level=2G Memory_limit=192 elif [ $Mem -gt 2500 -a $Mem -le 3500 ];then Mem_level=3G Memory_limit=256 elif [ $Mem -gt 3500 -a $Mem -le 4500 ];then Mem_level=4G Memory_limit=320 elif [ $Mem -gt 4500 -a $Mem -le 8000 ];then Mem_level=6G Memory_limit=384 elif [ $Mem -gt 8000 ];then Mem_level=8G Memory_limit=448 fi sed -i "s@^memory_limit.*@memory_limit = ${Memory_limit}M@" %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^output_buffering =@output_buffering = On\noutput_buffering =@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^;cgi.fix_pathinfo.*@cgi.fix_pathinfo=0@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^short_open_tag = Off@short_open_tag = On@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^expose_php = On@expose_php = Off@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^request_order.*@request_order = "CGP"@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^;date.timezone.*@date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^post_max_size.*@post_max_size = 50M@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^upload_max_filesize.*@upload_max_filesize = 50M@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^;upload_tmp_dir.*@upload_tmp_dir = /tmp@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^max_execution_time.*@max_execution_time = 5@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^disable_functions.*@disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,fsocket,popen@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^session.cookie_httponly.*@session.cookie_httponly = 1@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics.*@mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On@' %{_prefix}/etc/php.ini cat > %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf <<EOF;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; FPM Configuration ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; Global Options ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;[global]pid = run/php-fpm.piderror_log = log/php-fpm.loglog_level = warningemergency_restart_threshold = 30emergency_restart_interval = 60sprocess_control_timeout = 10sdaemonize = yes;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; Pool Definitions ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;[%{_user}];listen = /dev/shm/php-cgi.socklisten = 127.0.0.1:9000listen.backlog = -1listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1listen.owner = %{_user}listen.group = %{_group}listen.mode = 0666user = %{_user}group = %{_group}pm = dynamicpm.max_children = 12pm.start_servers = 8pm.min_spare_servers = 6pm.max_spare_servers = 12pm.max_requests = 2048pm.process_idle_timeout = 10srequest_terminate_timeout = 120request_slowlog_timeout = 0slowlog = log/slow.logrlimit_files = 51200rlimit_core = 0catch_workers_output = yes;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAMEenv[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/binenv[TMP] = /tmpenv[TMPDIR] = /tmpenv[TEMP] = /tmpEOF if [ $Mem -le 3000 ];then sed -i "s@^pm.max_children.*@pm.max_children = $(($Mem/2/20))@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.start_servers.*@pm.start_servers = $(($Mem/2/30))@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.min_spare_servers.*@pm.min_spare_servers = $(($Mem/2/40))@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.max_spare_servers.*@pm.max_spare_servers = $(($Mem/2/20))@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf elif [ $Mem -gt 3000 -a $Mem -le 4500 ];then sed -i "s@^pm.max_children.*@pm.max_children = 80@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.start_servers.*@pm.start_servers = 50@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.min_spare_servers.*@pm.min_spare_servers = 40@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.max_spare_servers.*@pm.max_spare_servers = 80@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf elif [ $Mem -gt 4500 -a $Mem -le 6500 ];then sed -i "s@^pm.max_children.*@pm.max_children = 90@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.start_servers.*@pm.start_servers = 60@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.min_spare_servers.*@pm.min_spare_servers = 50@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.max_spare_servers.*@pm.max_spare_servers = 90@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf elif [ $Mem -gt 6500 -a $Mem -le 8500 ];then sed -i "s@^pm.max_children.*@pm.max_children = 100@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.start_servers.*@pm.start_servers = 70@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.min_spare_servers.*@pm.min_spare_servers = 60@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.max_spare_servers.*@pm.max_spare_servers = 100@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf elif [ $Mem -gt 8500 ];then sed -i "s@^pm.max_children.*@pm.max_children = 120@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.start_servers.*@pm.start_servers = 80@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.min_spare_servers.*@pm.min_spare_servers = 70@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf sed -i "s@^pm.max_spare_servers.*@pm.max_spare_servers = 120@" %{_prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf fifi#rpm卸载前执行的脚本%preunif [ $1 == 0 ];then /etc/init.d/php-fpm stop > /dev/null 2>&1 /sbin/chkconfig --del php-fpm if [ -e '/etc/profile.d/custom_profile_new.sh' ];then sed -i 's@%{_prefix}/bin:@@' /etc/profile.d/custom_profile_new.sh else sed -i 's@%{_prefix}/bin:@@' /etc/profile fifi#%postun rpm卸载后执行的脚本%clean #clean的主要作用就是删除BUILDrm -rf %{buildroot}%files #指定哪些文件需要被打包，如/usr/local/php%defattr(-,root,root,-)%{_prefix}%attr(0755,root,root) /etc/init.d/php-fpm%changelog #日志改变段， 这一段主要描述软件的开发记录* Sat Oct 24 2015 yeho <lj2007331@gmail.com> 5.4.45-1- Initial version
[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# pwd/root/rpmbuild/SOURCES[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# lsredis-2.2.7.tgz[root@linuxeye.com SOURCES]# cd ../SPEC[root@linuxeye.com SPEC]# vim php-redis.spec
%global php_extdir %(/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --extension-dir 2>/dev/null || echo "undefined")Name: php-redisVersion: 2.2.7Release: 1%{?dist}Summary: The phpredis extension provides an API for communicating with the Redis key-value store.Group: Development/LanguagesLicense: PHPURL: http://pecl.php.net/package/redisSource0: redis-%{version}.tgzBuildRoot: %_topdir/BUILDROOTRequires: phpBuildRequires: php >= 5.4.40%descriptionThe phpredis extension provides an API for communicating with the Redis key-value store.%prep%setup -q -n redis-%{version}%build/usr/local/php/bin/phpize%configuremake %{?_smp_mflags}%installrm -rf %{buildroot}mkdir -p %{buildroot}%{php_extdir}make install INSTALL_ROOT=%{buildroot}find %{buildroot} -name redis.so -exec /bin/mv {} %{buildroot}%{php_extdir} \;#rpm安装后执行的脚本%postif [ $1 == 1 ];then [ -z "`grep '^extension_dir' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini`" ] && echo "extension_dir = \"%{php_extdir}\"" >> /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini sed -i 's@^extension_dir\(.*\)@extension_dir\1\nextension = "redis.so"@' /usr/local/php/etc/php.inifi#rpm卸载前执行的脚本%preunif [ $1 == 0 ];then /etc/init.d/php-fpm stop > /dev/null 2>&1 sed -i '/redis.so/d' /usr/local/php/etc/php.inifi#%postun rpm卸载后执行的脚本if [ $1 == 0 ];then /etc/init.d/php-fpm start > /dev/null 2>&1fi%cleanrm -rf %{buildroot}%files%defattr(-,root,root,-)%{php_extdir}/redis.so%changelog* Sat Oct 24 2015 yeho <lj2007331@gmail.com> 2.2.7-1- Initial version
[root@linuxeye.com SPEC]# rpmbuild -bb php.spec 制作php rpm二进制包[root@linuxeye.com SPEC]# rpmbuild -bb php-redis.spec 制作php-redis rpm二进制包
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