JSON格式化与serialize序列化，jsonserialize

一、JSON格式化

1. JSON是什么

JSON是一种数据的存储格式，用来沟通客户端Javascript和服务端PHP的交互。我们把用PHP生成JSON后的字符串传给前台Javascript，Javascirpt就可以很容易的将其反JSON然后应用。

2. 如何使用JSON

PHP操作JSON可以使用json_encode()和json_decode()两个函数——一个编码，一个解码。json_encode()可以将数组转换成json格式的文本数据，方便存储和读取，而json_decode()可以直接将json数据转换成数组，方便调用。

<code class="hljs vbscript-html"><span class="xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
    <span class="hljs-variable">$arr</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(
        <span class="hljs-string">'name'</span>    =<span class="hljs-string">'刘璐'</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">'nick'</span>    =<span class="hljs-string">'璐小璐'</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">'age'</span>     =<span class="hljs-string">'26'</span>,``
        <span class="hljs-string">'contact'</span> =<span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(
            <span class="hljs-string">'phone'</span>   =<span class="hljs-string">'13718136109'</span>,
            <span class="hljs-string">'address'</span> =<span class="hljs-string">'Beijing ifdoo'</span>
        )
    );

    <span class="hljs-variable">$str</span> = json_encode(<span class="hljs-variable">$arr</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"getProfile($str)"</span>;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span>
</span></code>

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结果为：
{"name":"\u5218\u7490","nick":"\u7490\u5c0f\u7490","age":"26","contact":{"phone":"13718136109","address":"\u5317\u4eac \u5f97\u8c46"}}

3. JSON格式的数据与WEB前端JS完成异步交互过程

PHP使用json_encode()将数组转换成json格式的数据后，此json字符串相当于JavaScript中的数组，赋给一个变量后，就可以对这个数组进行操作了。

<code class="hljs haskell"><script <span class="hljs-typedef"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>="text/javascript></span>
    var arr = {<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>:<span class="hljs-string">"\u5218\u7490"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"nick"</span>:<span class="hljs-string">"\u7490\u5c0f\u7490"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"age"</span>:<span class="hljs-string">"26"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"contact"</span>:{<span class="hljs-string">"phone"</span>:<span class="hljs-string">"13718136109"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"address"</span>:<span class="hljs-string">"\u5317\u4eac \u5f97\u8c46"</span>}};
    alert(arr.name);  
</script>  
</code>

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4. 实例

index.html

<code class="hljs vbscript-html"><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">html</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">head</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">title</span>></span>json demo<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">title</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"text/javascript"</span>></span><span class="javascript">
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">getProfile</span><span class="hljs-params">(str)</span> </span>{
        <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> arr = str;
        <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">'nick'</span>).innerHTML = arr.nick;
    }
    </span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">script</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">head</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">body</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"nick"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">body</span>></span>

<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"text/javascript"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"./profile.php"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">script</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">html</span>></span>
</span></code>

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profile.php

<code class="hljs vbscript-html"><span class="xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
    <span class="hljs-variable">$arr</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(
        <span class="hljs-string">'name'</span>    => <span class="hljs-string">'刘璐'</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">'nick'</span>    => <span class="hljs-string">'璐小璐'</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">'age'</span>     => <span class="hljs-string">'26'</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">'contact'</span> => <span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(
            <span class="hljs-string">'phone'</span>   => <span class="hljs-string">'13718136109'</span>,
            <span class="hljs-string">'address'</span> => <span class="hljs-string">'Beijing ifdoo'</span>
        )
    );

    <span class="hljs-variable">$str</span> = json_encode(<span class="hljs-variable">$arr</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"getProfile($str)"</span>;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span>
</span></code>

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html页面调用PHP文件

<script language="text/javascript" src="/xx/a.php"></script>

a.php中的echo输出的是javascript代码。
php页面调用js文件

a.php中的echo js里的方法即可。

二、serialize序列化

1. serialize 是什么

serialize是将变量序列化，返回一个具有变量类型和结构的字符串表达式。

2. 如何使用serialize

使用PHP的serialize和unserialize将数组进行序列化和反序列化。

<code class="hljs vbscript-html"><span class="xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
    <span class="hljs-variable">$arr</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>( 
        <span class="hljs-string">"u1"</span> => <span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>( 
            <span class="hljs-string">"gameName"</span> => <span class="hljs-string">"德乙"</span>, 
            <span class="hljs-string">"homeName"</span> => <span class="hljs-string">"比勒费尔德"</span>, 
            <span class="hljs-string">"guestName"</span> => <span class="hljs-string">"不伦瑞克"</span>, 
            <span class="hljs-string">"endTime"</span> => <span class="hljs-string">"2015-08-21"</span> 
        ), 
        <span class="hljs-string">"u2"</span> => <span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>( 
            <span class="hljs-string">"gameName"</span> => <span class="hljs-string">"英超"</span>, 
            <span class="hljs-string">"homeName"</span> => <span class="hljs-string">"水晶宫"</span>, 
            <span class="hljs-string">"guestName"</span> => <span class="hljs-string">"阿斯顿维拉"</span>, 
            <span class="hljs-string">"endTime"</span> => <span class="hljs-string">"2015-08-22"</span> 
        ) 
    ); 
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> serialize(<span class="hljs-variable">$arr</span>);
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span>
</span></code>

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结果为：

a:2:{s:2:"u1";a:4:{s:8:"gameName";s:6:"德乙";s:8:"homeName";s:15:"比勒费尔德";s:9:"guestName";s:12:"不伦瑞克";s:7:"endTime";s:10:"2015-08-21";}s:2:"u2";a:4:{s:8:"gameName";s:6:"英超";s:8:"homeName";s:9:"水晶宫";s:9:"guestName";s:15:"阿斯顿维拉";s:7:"endTime";s:10:"2015-08-22";}}

其中：

a:2说明这是个有两个元素的数组（array）；
i:0指序列索引；
a:4指有4个字段；
s:8:"gameName"说明这是有8个字符的字符串（string）

总结： PHP的serialize将数组序列化后是便于存储，而JSON格式的数据不仅便于存储还能跟其他语言如javascript读取。如果前后端交互使用比较多的话建议使用JSON，结合PHP、Javascript、JSON以及Ajax就可以完成强大的数据交互功能。