HTML von Grund auf neu starten (2 20.09.2016)-HTML-Tutorial-php.cn

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Layout

2.HTML 响应式 Web 设计

3.框架

4.内联框架

5.背景

6.头部

7.文档类型

Heim

Web-Frontend

HTML-Tutorial

HTML von Grund auf neu starten (2 20.09.2016)

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Sep 21, 2016 pm 01:56 PM

1. Layout

① HTML-Layout mit dem

-Element wird häufig als Layout-Tool verwendet, da es einfach über CSS positioniert werden kann.

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#header </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">white</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    text-align</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">center</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
把div理解成一个盒子，设置了盒子的高和宽，后面的盒子就自动跑到前面盒子没占的地方
#nav </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    line-height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">#eeeeee</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">       
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#section </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">350px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">10px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
#footer </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">white</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    clear</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">both</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">        清除前面float(浮动)的影响
    text-align</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">center</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
   padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="header"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>City Gallery<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="nav"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
London</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Paris</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Tokyo</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="section"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="footer"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Copyright ? W3Schools.com
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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② Website-Layout mit HTML5

HTML5 bietet neue semantische Elemente, die verschiedene Teile einer Webseite definieren:

HTML5-semantische Elemente:

header	定义文档或节的页眉
nav	定义导航链接的容器
section	定义文档中的节
article	定义独立的自包含文章
aside	定义内容之外的内容（比如侧栏）
footer	定义文档或节的页脚
details	定义额外的细节
summary	定义 details 元素的标题

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
header </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">white</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    text-align</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">center</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>     
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
nav </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    line-height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">#eeeeee</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
section </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">350px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">10px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
footer </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">white</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    clear</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">both</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    text-align</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">center</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>          
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">header</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>City Gallery<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">header</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">nav</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
London</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Paris</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Tokyo</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">nav</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">section</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">section</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">footer</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Copyright W3Schools.com
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">footer</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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③ 使用表格的 HTML 布局。

元素不是作为布局工具而设计的，

元素的作用是显示表格化的数据，使用

元素能够取得布局效果，因为能够通过 CSS 设置表格元素的样式

复习表格：下面代码所定义的是一个一行一列的表格，

定义了这一行。

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
table.lamp </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">1px solid #d4d4d4</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
table.lamp th, td </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;"> 
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">10px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
table.lamp th </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;">40px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
 
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">table </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="lamp"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">th</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">img </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="/images/lamp1.jpg"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> alt</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="Note"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="height:32px;width:32px"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">th</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">td</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    The table element was not designed to be a layout tool.
  </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">td</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">tr</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">table</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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2.HTML 响应式 Web 设计

RWD 指的是响应式 Web 设计（Responsive Web Design）
RWD 能够以可变尺寸传递网页
RWD 对于平板和移动设备是必需的

① 创建响应式设计的一个方法，是自己来创建它：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">html </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">lang</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="en-US"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.city </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 5px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 15px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 300px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span> 
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>W3School Demo<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Resize this responsive page!<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="city"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London is the capital city of England.<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="city"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Paris<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="city"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Tokyo<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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② 使用 Bootstrap，另一个创建响应式设计的方法，是使用现成的 CSS 框架。Bootstrap 是最流行的开发响应式 web 的 HTML, CSS, 和 JS 框架。Bootstrap 帮助您开发在任何尺寸都外观出众的站点：显示器、笔记本电脑、平板电脑或手机：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">charset</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="utf-8"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="viewport"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> content</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">link </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">rel</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="stylesheet"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> 
  href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="container"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="jumbotron"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>W3School Demo<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h1</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> 
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Resize this responsive page!<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> 
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="container"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="row"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="col-md-4"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>London is the capital city of England.<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
    with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="col-md-4"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Paris<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="col-md-4"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Tokyo<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">h2</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
    and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
  <span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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★ 后续继续学习bootstrap。

3.框架

通过使用框架，可以在同一个浏览器窗口中显示不止一个页面。每份HTML文档称为一个框架，并且每个框架都独立于其他的框架。

使用框架的坏处：

开发人员必须同时跟踪更多的HTML文档
很难打印整张页面

框架结构标签（）

框架结构标签（）定义如何将窗口分割为框架
每个 frameset 定义了一系列行或列
rows/columns 的值规定了每行或每列占据屏幕的面积

Frame 标签定义了放置在每个框架中的 HTML 文档。

在下面的这个例子中，我们设置了一个两列的框架集。第一列被设置为占据浏览器窗口的 25%。第二列被设置为占据浏览器窗口的 75%。HTML 文档 "frame_a.htm" 被置于第一个列中，而 HTML 文档 "frame_b.htm" 被置于第二个列中：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">frameset </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">cols</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="25%,75%"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
   <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">frame </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="frame_a.htm"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
   <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">frame </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="frame_b.htm"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">frameset</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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① 假如一个框架有可见边框，用户可以拖动边框来改变它的大小。为了避免这种情况发生，可以在标签中加入：noresize="noresize"。

② 不能将标签与标签同时使用！

4.内联框架

① iframe 用于在网页内显示网页。

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="URL"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></</span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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② Iframe - 设置高度和宽度

height 和 width 属性用于规定 iframe 的高度和宽度。

属性值的默认单位是像素，但也可以用百分比来设定（比如 "80%"）。

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="demo_iframe.htm"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="200"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="200"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></</span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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③ Iframe - 删除边框

frameborder 属性规定是否显示 iframe 周围的边框。设置属性值为 "0" 就可以移除边框：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="demo_iframe.htm"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> frameborder</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="0"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></</span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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④ 使用 iframe 作为链接的目标

iframe 可用作链接的目标（target），即在该frame中显示网页。链接的 target 属性必须引用 iframe 的 name 属性：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="demo_iframe.htm"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="iframe_a"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></</span><span style="color: #800000;">iframe</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.w3school.com.cn"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> target</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="iframe_a"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>W3School.com.cn<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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5.背景

背景属性将背景设置为图像。属性值为图像的URL。如果图像尺寸小于浏览器窗口，那么图像将在整个浏览器窗口进行复制。

URL可以是相对地址，如第一行代码。也可以使绝对地址，如第二行代码：

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">background</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="clouds.gif"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">background</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.w3school.com.cn/clouds.gif"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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6.头部

① 元素是所有头部元素的容器。内的元素可包含脚本，指示浏览器在何处可以找到样式表，提供元信息，等等。以下标签都可以添加到 head 部分：、<base>、<link>、<meta>、<script> 以及 <style>。</p> <p>②<title> 标签定义文档的标题。title 元素在所有 HTML/XHTML 文档中都是必需的。</p> <p>title 元素能够：</p> <ul> <li>定义浏览器工具栏中的标题</li> <li>提供页面被添加到收藏夹时显示的标题</li> <li>显示在搜索引擎结果中的页面标题</li> </ul> <p>③HTML <base> 元素，<base> 标签为页面上的所有链接规定默认地址或默认目标（target）：</p> <div class="cnblogs_code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">base </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="http://www.w3school.com.cn/i/"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">/></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">base </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">target</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="_blank"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">/></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">img </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="eg_smile.gif"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">/><</span><span style="color: #800000;">br </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>请注意，我们已经为图像规定了一个相对地址。由于我们已经在 head 部分规定了一个基准 URL，浏览器将在如下地址寻找图片：<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>"http://www.w3school.com.cn/i/eg_smile.gif"<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></pre><div class="contentsignin">Nach dem Login kopieren</div></div> </div> <p> </p> <p>④ HTML <link> 元素，<link> 标签定义文档与外部资源之间的关系。<link> 标签最常用于连接样式表。</p> <div class="cnblogs_code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">link </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">rel</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="stylesheet"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> type</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="text/css"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="mystyle.css"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">/></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></pre><div class="contentsignin">Nach dem Login kopieren</div></div> </div> <p> </p> <h3 id="文档类型">7.文档类型</h3> <p>Web 世界中存在许多不同的文档。只有了解文档的类型，浏览器才能正确地显示文档。</p> <p>HTML 也有多个不同的版本，只有完全明白页面中使用的确切 HTML 版本，浏览器才能完全正确地显示出 HTML 页面。这就是 <!DOCTYPE> 的用处。</p> <p><!DOCTYPE> 不是 HTML 标签。它为浏览器提供一项信息（声明），即 HTML 是用什么版本编写的。</p> <p>HTML5：</p> <div class="cnblogs_code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></pre><div class="contentsignin">Nach dem Login kopieren</div></div> </div> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>到这儿W3C上HTML基础教程就看完啦，用了两天晚上的时间，看的还是比较快，要是之前也能这么静下心慢慢看说不定就能有更好的进步呢。</p> <p> </p> <div id="MySignature"></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="wzconShengming_sp"> <div class="bzsmdiv_sp">Erklärung dieser Website</div> <div>Der Inhalt dieses Artikels wird freiwillig von Internetnutzern beigesteuert und das Urheberrecht liegt beim ursprünglichen Autor. 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