Für eine MySQL-Datenbank mit einer kleinen Datenmenge zum Aufbau einer Master-Slave-Architektur ist es eine gute Wahl, das mysqldump-Tool zur Implementierung in Kombination mit der MySQL-GTID-Funktion zu verwenden macht Hochverfügbarkeit zum Kinderspiel. Dieser Artikel ist eine Ergänzung zum Erstellen eines gtid-Master-Slaves basierend auf mysqldump. Es führt hauptsächlich die Implementierung von GTID Master-Slave basierend auf der Multi-Repository-Ebene ein, also nicht auf der gesamten Instanzebene. Im Folgenden finden Sie eine detaillierte Beschreibung und Beispiele dieses Artikels.
Zugehörige Wissenspunktreferenz
Gtid-Master-Slave basierend auf mysqldump erstellen
MySQL GTID-Fehlerbehandlungszusammenfassung
MySQL GTID-Master-Slave-Replikation konfigurieren
Verwenden der mysqldump-Exportdatenbank
# mysqldump --help|grep gtid-purged -A8 --set-gtid-purged[=name] Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possible values for this option are ON, OFF and AUTO. If ON is used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, an error is generated. If OFF is used, this option does nothing. If AUTO is used and GTIDs are enabled on the server, 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added to the output. If GTIDs are disabled, AUTO does nothing. If no value is supplied then the default (AUTO) value will be considered. 这个参数用于控制在导出数据库时是否导出GTID,针对已开启GTID的mysql实例 就是说导出的数据中已经包含了这些GTID,因此在从库开启从之后需要被跳过 缺省值为AUTO,如果导出时指定为OFF,则在从库开启从之后会收到error 1236
主服务器:192.168.1.233:3306 server_id : 233 从服务器:192.168.1.245:3306 server_id : 245--在主库端创建复制用户 (root@Master)[(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; -- 查看主库端的配置文件 (root@Master)[(none)]>system grep -v ^# /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data server_id=233 gtid_mode=on enforce_gtid_consistency=on log_bin=node233-binlog log-slave-updates=1 binlog_format=row report_host=Master report_port=3306 master-info-repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE replicate-do-db=tempdb replicate-do-db=testdb skip_slave_start=1 ###该参数在启动DB时不会自启动slave,需要手动启动 -- 查看从库端的配置文件 (root@Slave)[(none)]>system grep -v ^# /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES server_id=245 gtid_mode=on enforce_gtid_consistency=on log_bin=node245-binlog log-slave-updates=1 binlog_format=row report_host=Slave report_port=3306 master-info-repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE replicate-do-db=tempdb replicate-do-db=testdb skip_slave_start=1 ###该参数在启动DB时不会自启动slave,需要手动启动
演示环境 (root@Master)[(none)]>show variables like 'version'; +---------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+------------+ | version | 5.7.12-log | +---------------+------------+ --创建需要复制的数据库tempdb与testdb (root@Master)[(none)]>create database tempdb; (root@Master)[(none)]>use tempdb; (root@Master)[tempdb]>create table tb(`userId` int); (root@Master)[(none)]>create database testdb; (root@Master)[(none)]>use testdb; (root@Master)[testdb]>create table tb(`userId` int); --主库端执行sql,使用如下脚本 # more insert_id.sh #/bin/sh cnt=1 while [ $cnt -le 10000 ] do mysql -uroot -ppass -e "insert into tempdb.tb(userId) values($cnt); insert into testdb.tb(userId) values($cnt)" let cnt=$cnt+1 sleep 1 echo "Insert $cnt" done --执行脚本 # ./insert_id.sh mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Insert 2 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Insert 3 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Insert 4 ........... --dump导出库文件 # mysqldump --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events --user=root --password=pass \ > --databases tempdb testdb >/tmp/multidb.sql --dump文件的内容 # more /tmp/multidb.sql -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.12, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: tempdb -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.7.12-log -- 非重要的信息省略 SET @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN = @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN; SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0; -- -- GTID state at the beginning of the backup -- --GTID信息,重要,用于主从复制跳过) SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:1-2318'; -- -- Current Database: `tempdb` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `tempdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */; USE `tempdb`; -- -- Table structure for table `tb` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `tb` ( `userId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `tb` -- LOCK TABLES `tb` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `tb` VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Dumping events for database 'tempdb' -- -- -- Dumping routines for database 'tempdb' -- -- -- Current Database: `testdb` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `testdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */; USE `testdb`; -- -- Table structure for table `tb` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `tb` ( `userId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `tb` -- LOCK TABLES `tb` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `tb` VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Dumping events for database 'testdb' -- -- 在上面dump出来的每个表中可以看到导出的时候已经产生了数据1-5 -- Dumping routines for database 'testdb' -- SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN = @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN; --将导出文件复制到从服务器 [root@node233 ~]# scp /tmp/multidb.sql 192.168.1.245:/tmp
(root@Slave)[(none)]>reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) (root@Slave)[(none)]>reset slave all; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) (root@Slave)[(none)]>source /tmp/multidb.sql (root@Slave)[tempdb]>CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.233', -> MASTER_USER='repl', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec) (root@Slave)[tempdb]>start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) (root@Slave)[testdb]>show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: Master Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: node233-binlog.000008 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 201141 Relay_Log_File: node245-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 96813 Relay_Master_Log_File: node233-binlog.000008 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: tempdb,testdb Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 201141 Relay_Log_Space: 97062 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 233 Master_UUID: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: -- Author : Leshami Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: -- Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:2319-2702 Executed_Gtid_Set: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:1-2702 Auto_Position: 1 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version:
--以下查询中可以看到,两个数据库的表中的记录在不停的增加 (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tb; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 206 | +----------+ (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tempdb.tb; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 214 | +----------+ (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tb; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 216 | +----------+ (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tempdb.tb; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 218 | +----------+
Für die Gesamtdatenmenge ist es eine gute Wahl, das Tool mysqldump zu verwenden, um eine Master-Slave-Architektur für eine große MySQL-Datenbank zu erstellen. In Kombination mit der MySQL GTID-Funktion ist eine hohe Verfügbarkeit ein Kinderspiel. Dieser Artikel ist eine Ergänzung zum Erstellen eines gtid-Master-Slaves basierend auf mysqldump. Es führt hauptsächlich die Implementierung von GTID Master-Slave basierend auf der Multi-Datenbank-Ebene ein, also nicht auf der gesamten Instanzebene. Im Folgenden finden Sie eine detaillierte Beschreibung und Beispiele dieses Artikels.
Zugehörige Wissenspunktreferenz
GTID-Master-Slave basierend auf mysqldump erstellen
Zusammenfassung der MySQL-GTID-Fehlerbehandlung
MySQL-GTID-Master-Slave-Replikation konfigurieren
Verwenden Sie mysqldump, um die zu exportieren Datenbank
# mysqldump --help|grep gtid-purged -A8 --set-gtid-purged[=name] Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possible values for this option are ON, OFF and AUTO. If ON is used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, an error is generated. If OFF is used, this option does nothing. If AUTO is used and GTIDs are enabled on the server, 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added to the output. If GTIDs are disabled, AUTO does nothing. If no value is supplied then the default (AUTO) value will be considered. 这个参数用于控制在导出数据库时是否导出GTID,针对已开启GTID的mysql实例 就是说导出的数据中已经包含了这些GTID,因此在从库开启从之后需要被跳过 缺省值为AUTO,如果导出时指定为OFF,则在从库开启从之后会收到error 1236
主服务器:192.168.1.233:3306 server_id : 233 从服务器:192.168.1.245:3306 server_id : 245--在主库端创建复制用户 (root@Master)[(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; -- 查看主库端的配置文件 (root@Master)[(none)]>system grep -v ^# /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data server_id=233 gtid_mode=on enforce_gtid_consistency=on log_bin=node233-binlog log-slave-updates=1 binlog_format=row report_host=Master report_port=3306 master-info-repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE replicate-do-db=tempdb replicate-do-db=testdb skip_slave_start=1 ###该参数在启动DB时不会自启动slave,需要手动启动 -- 查看从库端的配置文件 (root@Slave)[(none)]>system grep -v ^# /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES server_id=245 gtid_mode=on enforce_gtid_consistency=on log_bin=node245-binlog log-slave-updates=1 binlog_format=row report_host=Slave report_port=3306 master-info-repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE replicate-do-db=tempdb replicate-do-db=testdb skip_slave_start=1 ###该参数在启动DB时不会自启动slave,需要手动启动
演示环境 (root@Master)[(none)]>show variables like 'version'; +---------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+------------+ | version | 5.7.12-log | +---------------+------------+ --创建需要复制的数据库tempdb与testdb (root@Master)[(none)]>create database tempdb; (root@Master)[(none)]>use tempdb; (root@Master)[tempdb]>create table tb(`userId` int); (root@Master)[(none)]>create database testdb; (root@Master)[(none)]>use testdb; (root@Master)[testdb]>create table tb(`userId` int); --主库端执行sql,使用如下脚本 # more insert_id.sh #/bin/sh cnt=1 while [ $cnt -le 10000 ] do mysql -uroot -ppass -e "insert into tempdb.tb(userId) values($cnt); insert into testdb.tb(userId) values($cnt)" let cnt=$cnt+1 sleep 1 echo "Insert $cnt" done --执行脚本 # ./insert_id.sh mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Insert 2 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Insert 3 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Insert 4 ........... --dump导出库文件 # mysqldump --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events --user=root --password=pass \ > --databases tempdb testdb >/tmp/multidb.sql --dump文件的内容 # more /tmp/multidb.sql -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.12, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: tempdb -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.7.12-log -- 非重要的信息省略 SET @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN = @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN; SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0; -- -- GTID state at the beginning of the backup -- --GTID信息,重要,用于主从复制跳过) SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:1-2318'; -- -- Current Database: `tempdb` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `tempdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */; USE `tempdb`; -- -- Table structure for table `tb` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `tb` ( `userId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `tb` -- LOCK TABLES `tb` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `tb` VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Dumping events for database 'tempdb' -- -- -- Dumping routines for database 'tempdb' -- -- -- Current Database: `testdb` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `testdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */; USE `testdb`; -- -- Table structure for table `tb` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `tb` ( `userId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `tb` -- LOCK TABLES `tb` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `tb` VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Dumping events for database 'testdb' -- -- 在上面dump出来的每个表中可以看到导出的时候已经产生了数据1-5 -- Dumping routines for database 'testdb' -- SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN = @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN; --将导出文件复制到从服务器 [root@node233 ~]# scp /tmp/multidb.sql 192.168.1.245:/tmp
(root@Slave)[(none)]>reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) (root@Slave)[(none)]>reset slave all; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) (root@Slave)[(none)]>source /tmp/multidb.sql (root@Slave)[tempdb]>CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.233', -> MASTER_USER='repl', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec) (root@Slave)[tempdb]>start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) (root@Slave)[testdb]>show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: Master Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: node233-binlog.000008 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 201141 Relay_Log_File: node245-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 96813 Relay_Master_Log_File: node233-binlog.000008 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: tempdb,testdb Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 201141 Relay_Log_Space: 97062 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 233 Master_UUID: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: -- Author : Leshami Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: -- Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:2319-2702 Executed_Gtid_Set: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:1-2702 Auto_Position: 1 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version:
--以下查询中可以看到,两个数据库的表中的记录在不停的增加 (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tb; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 206 | +----------+ (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tempdb.tb; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 214 | +----------+ (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tb; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 216 | +----------+ (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tempdb.tb; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 218 | +----------+
Das Obige zeigt, wie MySQLdump schnell funktioniert Erstellt eine bestimmte Bibliotheks-Master-Slave-Architektur (GTID). Weitere verwandte Inhalte finden Sie auf der chinesischen PHP-Website (www.php.cn).