Vor der Verwendung von virtualenv
ist der Standardinterpreter von Ubuntu Python2.7 und /usr/lib/python3
wurde bereits in ipython3
und requests
$ python Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 19 2016, 06:48:10) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
$ ipython3 Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]: import requests In [2]:
verwenden, um den Interpreter anzugeben-p
$ mkdir my_project_folder; cd my_project_folder # 创建虚拟环境 $ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3 Using base prefix '/usr' New python executable in /home/ormsf/my_project_folder/venv/bin/python3 Also creating executable in /home/ormsf/my_project_folder/venv/bin/python Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.
Virtuelle Umgebung aktivieren
$ source venv/bin/activate
angezeigt, was bedeutet, dass die virtuelle Umgebung erfolgreich erstellt wurdevenv
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython3
# 无法使用ipython3 (venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/ipython3", line 4, in <module> from IPython import start_ipython ImportError: No module named 'IPython' # 默认的解释器已经变成了python3 (venv) ~/my_project_folder $ python Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. # 无法使用requests >>> import requests Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named 'requests'
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pip install requests Collecting requests Downloading requests-2.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (584kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 593kB 1.3MB/s Installing collected packages: requests Successfully installed requests-2.13.0
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ python Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import requests >>>
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pip install ipython
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]:
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ deactivate
Beim Betreten einer Virtualenv-Umgebung ändert Virtualenv die relevanten Umgebungsvariablen, sodass die Befehle Python und Pip auf die aktuelle Virtualenv-Umgebung verweisen. source venv/bin/activate