Die sogenannte Förderung bedeutet, wie der Name schon sagt, dass JavaScript alle Deklarationen nach oben befördert des aktuellen Umfangs. Dies bedeutet, dass wir eine Variable verwenden können, bevor sie deklariert wird. JavaScript führt die Deklaration zwar nach oben, führt jedoch nicht den eigentlichen Initialisierungsprozess durch.
use strict;
use strict;
Wie der Name schon sagt, wird JavaScript im sogenannten strikten Modus ausgeführt. Einer seiner Hauptvorteile besteht darin, dass es Entwickler zwingen kann um die Verwendung nicht deklarierter Variablen zu vermeiden. Bei älteren Versionen von Browsern oder Ausführungs-Engines wird diese Anweisung automatisch ignoriert.
// Example of strict mode "use strict"; catchThemAll(); function catchThemAll() { x = 3.14; // Error will be thrown return x * x; }
Event Bubbling bedeutet, dass ein Ereignis nicht nur das aktuelle Element auslöst, sondern auch an das übergeordnete Element übergeben wird verschachtelte Reihenfolge. Intuitiv ausgedrückt wird ein Klickereignis für ein untergeordnetes Element auch vom Klickereignishandler des übergeordneten Elements erfasst. Um Event Bubbling zu vermeiden, können Sie event.stopPropagation()
oder event.cancelBubble
für IE 9 und niedriger verwenden. Was ist der Unterschied zwischen
===
? Der Hauptunterschied besteht darin, dass ===
Typen und Werte vergleicht zur gleichen Zeit, anstatt nur Werte zu vergleichen.
// Example of comparators 0 == false; // true 0 === false; // false 2 == '2'; // true 2 === '2'; // false
In JavaScript ist null ein Wert, der zugewiesen werden kann, und eine auf null gesetzte Variable bedeutet, dass sie keinen Wert hat. Undefiniert bedeutet, dass eine Variable zwar deklariert, aber noch kein Wert zugewiesen wurde.
Array
var unsorted_array = [-10, 7, 29, 30, 5, -10, -70]; computeProduct(unsorted_array); // 21000 function sortIntegers(a, b) { return a - b; } // greatest product is either (min1 * min2 * max1 || max1 * max2 * max3) function computeProduct(unsorted) { var sorted_array = unsorted.sort(sortIntegers), product1 = 1, product2 = 1, array_n_element = sorted_array.length - 1; // Get the product of three largest integers in sorted array for (var x = array_n_element; x > array_n_element - 3; x--) { product1 = product1 * sorted_array[x]; } product2 = sorted_array[0] * sorted_array[1] * sorted_array[array_n_element]; if (product1 > product2) return product1; return product2 };
O(n)
// The output of the function should be 8 var array_of_integers = [2, 5, 1, 4, 9, 6, 3, 7]; var upper_bound = 9; var lower_bound = 1; findMissingNumber(array_of_integers, upper_bound, lower_bound); //8 function findMissingNumber(array_of_integers, upper_bound, lower_bound) { // Iterate through array to find the sum of the numbers var sum_of_integers = 0; for (var i = 0; i < array_of_integers.length; i++) { sum_of_integers += array_of_integers[i]; } // 以高斯求和公式计算理论上的数组和 // Formula: [(N * (N + 1)) / 2] - [(M * (M - 1)) / 2]; // N is the upper bound and M is the lower bound upper_limit_sum = (upper_bound * (upper_bound + 1)) / 2; lower_limit_sum = (lower_bound * (lower_bound - 1)) / 2; theoretical_sum = upper_limit_sum - lower_limit_sum; // return (theoretical_sum - sum_of_integers) }
// ES6 Implementation var array = [1, 2, 3, 5, 1, 5, 9, 1, 2, 8]; Array.from(new Set(array)); // [1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 8] // ES5 Implementation var array = [1, 2, 3, 5, 1, 5, 9, 1, 2, 8]; uniqueArray(array); // [1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 8] function uniqueArray(array) { var hashmap = {}; var unique = []; for(var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { // If key returns null (unique), it is evaluated as false. if(!hashmap.hasOwnProperty([array[i]])) { hashmap[array[i]] = 1; unique.push(array[i]); } } return unique; }
[7, 8, 4, 9, 9, 15, 3, 1, 10]
var array = [7, 8, 4, 9, 9, 15, 3, 1, 10]; // [7, 8, 4, 9, 9, 15, 3, 1, 10] would return `11` based on the difference between `4` and `15` // Notice: It is not `14` from the difference between `15` and `1` because 15 comes before 1. findLargestDifference(array); function findLargestDifference(array) { // 如果数组仅有一个元素,则直接返回 -1 if (array.length <= 1) return -1; // current_min 指向当前的最小值 var current_min = array[0]; var current_max_difference = 0; // 遍历整个数组以求取当前最大差值,如果发现某个最大差值,则将新的值覆盖 current_max_difference // 同时也会追踪当前数组中的最小值,从而保证 `largest value in future` - `smallest value before it` for (var i = 1; i < array.length; i++) { if (array[i] > current_min && (array[i] - current_min > current_max_difference)) { current_max_difference = array[i] - current_min; } else if (array[i] <= current_min) { current_min = array[i]; } } // If negative or 0, there is no largest difference if (current_max_difference <= 0) return -1; return current_max_difference; }
var firstArray = [2, 2, 4, 1]; var secondArray = [0, 0, 0, 2]; var thirdArray = [-2, -2, -3, 2]; productExceptSelf(firstArray); // [8, 8, 4, 16] productExceptSelf(secondArray); // [0, 0, 0, 0] productExceptSelf(thirdArray); // [12, 12, 8, -12] function productExceptSelf(numArray) { var product = 1; var size = numArray.length; var output = []; // From first array: [1, 2, 4, 16] // The last number in this case is already in the right spot (allows for us) // to just multiply by 1 in the next step. // This step essentially gets the product to the left of the index at index + 1 for (var x = 0; x < size; x++) { output.push(product); product = product * numArray[x]; } // From the back, we multiply the current output element (which represents the product // on the left of the index, and multiplies it by the product on the right of the element) var product = 1; for (var i = size - 1; i > -1; i--) { output[i] = output[i] * product; product = product * numArray[i]; } return output; }
var firstArray = [2, 2, 4, 1]; var secondArray = [1, 2, 0, 2]; intersection(firstArray, secondArray); // [2, 1] function intersection(firstArray, secondArray) { // The logic here is to create a hashmap with the elements of the firstArray as the keys. // After that, you can use the hashmap's O(1) look up time to check if the element exists in the hash // If it does exist, add that element to the new array. var hashmap = {}; var intersectionArray = []; firstArray.forEach(function(element) { hashmap[element] = 1; }); // Since we only want to push unique elements in our case... we can implement a counter to keep track of what we already added secondArray.forEach(function(element) { if (hashmap[element] === 1) { intersectionArray.push(element); hashmap[element]++; } }); return intersectionArray; // Time complexity O(n), Space complexity O(n) }
var string = "Welcome to this Javascript Guide!"; // Output becomes !ediuG tpircsavaJ siht ot emocleW var reverseEntireSentence = reverseBySeparator(string, ""); // Output becomes emocleW ot siht tpircsavaJ !ediuG var reverseEachWord = reverseBySeparator(reverseEntireSentence, " "); function reverseBySeparator(string, separator) { return string.split(separator).reverse().join(separator); }
Mary
fragt die Zeichenfolge Army
var firstWord = "Mary"; var secondWord = "Army"; isAnagram(firstWord, secondWord); // true function isAnagram(first, second) { // For case insensitivity, change both words to lowercase. var a = first.toLowerCase(); var b = second.toLowerCase(); // Sort the strings, and join the resulting array to a string. Compare the results a = a.split("").sort().join(""); b = b.split("").sort().join(""); return a === b; }
racecar
Stapel und Warteschlangerace car
isPalindrome("racecar"); // true isPalindrome("race Car"); // true function isPalindrome(word) { // Replace all non-letter chars with "" and change to lowercase var lettersOnly = word.toLowerCase().replace(/\s/g, ""); // Compare the string with the reversed version of the string return lettersOnly === lettersOnly.split("").reverse().join(""); }
var inputStack = []; // First stack var outputStack = []; // Second stack // For enqueue, just push the item into the first stack function enqueue(stackInput, item) { return stackInput.push(item); } function dequeue(stackInput, stackOutput) { // Reverse the stack such that the first element of the output stack is the // last element of the input stack. After that, pop the top of the output to // get the first element that was ever pushed into the input stack if (stackOutput.length <= 0) { while(stackInput.length > 0) { var elementToOutput = stackInput.pop(); stackOutput.push(elementToOutput); } } return stackOutput.pop(); }
var expression = "{{}}{}{}" var expressionFalse = "{}{{}"; isBalanced(expression); // true isBalanced(expressionFalse); // false isBalanced(""); // true function isBalanced(expression) { var checkString = expression; var stack = []; // If empty, parentheses are technically balanced if (checkString.length <= 0) return true; for (var i = 0; i < checkString.length; i++) { if(checkString[i] === '{') { stack.push(checkString[i]); } else if (checkString[i] === '}') { // Pop on an empty array is undefined if (stack.length > 0) { stack.pop(); } else { return false; } } } // If the array is not empty, it is not balanced if (stack.pop()) return false; return true; }
decimalToBinary(3); // 11 decimalToBinary(8); // 1000 decimalToBinary(1000); // 1111101000 function decimalToBinary(digit) { if(digit >= 1) { // If digit is not pisible by 2 then recursively return proceeding // binary of the digit minus 1, 1 is added for the leftover 1 digit if (digit % 2) { return decimalToBinary((digit - 1) / 2) + 1; } else { // Recursively return proceeding binary digits return decimalToBinary(digit / 2) + 0; } } else { // Exit condition return ''; } }
function recursiveBinarySearch(array, value, leftPosition, rightPosition) { // Value DNE if (leftPosition > rightPosition) return -1; var middlePivot = Math.floor((leftPosition + rightPosition) / 2); if (array[middlePivot] === value) { return middlePivot; } else if (array[middlePivot] > value) { return recursiveBinarySearch(array, value, leftPosition, middlePivot - 1); } else { return recursiveBinarySearch(array, value, middlePivot + 1, rightPosition); } }
isPowerOfTwo(4); // true isPowerOfTwo(64); // true isPowerOfTwo(1); // true isPowerOfTwo(0); // false isPowerOfTwo(-1); // false // For the non-zero case: function isPowerOfTwo(number) { // `&` uses the bitwise n. // In the case of number = 4; the expression would be identical to: // `return (4 & 3 === 0)` // In bitwise, 4 is 100, and 3 is 011. Using &, if two values at the same // spot is 1, then result is 1, else 0. In this case, it would return 000, // and thus, 4 satisfies are expression. // In turn, if the expression is `return (5 & 4 === 0)`, it would be false // since it returns 101 & 100 = 100 (NOT === 0) return number & (number - 1) === 0; } // For zero-case: function isPowerOfTwoZeroCase(number) { return (number !== 0) && ((number & (number - 1)) === 0); }