Gründe, warum das Trimmen in PHP zu verstümmelten Zeichen führt

一个新手

Freigeben： 2023-03-16 18:42:02

Original

3840 Leute haben es durchsucht

运行以下代码：

$tag = "互联网产品、";
$text = rtrim($tag, "、");
print_r($text);

Nach dem Login kopieren

我们可能以为会得到的结果是互联网产品，实际结果是互联网产�。为什么会这样呢？

科普

PHP 里使用mb_前缀的都是多字节函数 http://php.net/manual/zh/ref....

比如

$str = "abcd";
print_r(strlen($str)."\n"); // 4
print_r(mb_strlen($str)."\n"); // 4

$str = "周梦康";
print_r(strlen($str)."\n"); // 9
print_r(mb_strlen($str)."\n"); // 3

Nach dem Login kopieren

mb_系列函数是以“多个字节组成的一个字符”为颗粒度来操作的，不带mb_则是按实际的字节数来操作的。

原理

trim 函数文档

string trim ( string $str [, string $character_mask = " \t\n\r\0\x0B" ] )

Nach dem Login kopieren

该函数不是多字节函数，也就是说，汉字这样的多字节字符，会拿其头或尾的单字节来和后面的$character_mask对应的char数组进行匹配，如果在后面的数组中，则删掉，继续匹配。比如：

echo ltrim("bcdf","abc"); // df

Nach dem Login kopieren

如下面的 demo 中的函数string_print_char所示：
、由0xe3 0x80 0x81三字节组成，
品由0xe5 0x93 0x81三字节组成。
所以在执行rtrim的时候，通过字节比对，会将0x81去掉，导致了最后出现了乱码。

源码探究

查看 PHP7 的源码，然后提炼出下面的小 demo ，方便大家一起学习，其实PHP源码的学习并不难，每天进步一点点。

//
//  main.c
//  trim
//
//  Created by 周梦康 on 2017/10/18.
//  Copyright © 2017年 周梦康. All rights reserved.
//

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

void string_print_char(char *str);
void php_charmask(unsigned char *input, size_t len, char *mask);
char *ltrim(char *str,char *character_mask);
char *rtrim(char *str,char *character_mask);


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    printf("%s\n",ltrim("bcdf","abc"));
    
    string_print_char("品"); // e5    93    81
    string_print_char("、"); // e3    80    81
    
    printf("%s\n",rtrim("互联网产品、","、"));
    
    
    return 0;
}

char *ltrim(char *str,char *character_mask)
{
    char *res;
    char mask[256];
    register size_t i;
    int trimmed = 0;
    
    size_t len = strlen(str);
    
    php_charmask((unsigned char*)character_mask, strlen(character_mask), mask);
    
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (mask[(unsigned char)str[i]]) {
            trimmed++;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    
    len -= trimmed;
    str += trimmed;
    
    res = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len+1));
    memcpy(res,str,len);
    
    return res;
}

char *rtrim(char *str,char *character_mask)
{
    char *res;
    char mask[256];
    register size_t i;
    
    size_t len = strlen(str);
    
    php_charmask((unsigned char*)character_mask, strlen(character_mask), mask);
    
    if (len > 0) {
        i = len - 1;
        do {
            if (mask[(unsigned char)str[i]]) {
                len--;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        } while (i-- != 0);
    }
    
    res = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len+1));
    memcpy(res,str,len);
    
    return res;
}

void string_print_char(char *str)
{
    unsigned long l = strlen(str);
    
    for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {
        printf("%02hhx\t",str[i]);
    }
    
    printf("\n");
}

void php_charmask(unsigned char *input, size_t len, char *mask)
{
    unsigned char *end;
    unsigned char c;
    
    memset(mask, 0, 256);
    
    for (end = input+len; input < end; input++) {
        c = *input;
        mask[c]= 1;
    }
}

Nach dem Login kopieren

如果觉得 demo 还不够清晰的，复制下来，自己执行一次吧~
C 语言基础较差的同学也不用担心，我准备后面专门写一个PHP小白学习 C 语言的系列入门短文哈。

解决方案

那么我们就依葫芦画瓢，用 php 本身的多字节函数来实现下吧：

function mb_rtrim($string, $trim, $encoding)
{

    $mask = [];
    $trimLength = mb_strlen($trim, $encoding);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $trimLength; $i++) {
        $item = mb_substr($trim, $i, 1, $encoding);
        $mask[] = $item;
    }

    $len = mb_strlen($string, $encoding);
    if ($len > 0) {
        $i = $len - 1;
        do {
            $item = mb_substr($string, $i, 1, $encoding);
            if (in_array($item, $mask)) {
                $len--;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        } while ($i-- != 0);
    }

    return mb_substr($string, 0, $len, $encoding);
}

mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");
$tag = "互联网产品、";
$encoding = mb_internal_encoding();
print_r(mb_rtrim($tag, "、",$encoding));

Nach dem Login kopieren

当然你也可以使用正则来做。通过上面的函数学习，单字节函数和多字节函数，你学会了吗？

PHP7 相关源码

PHP_FUNCTION(trim)
{
    php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 3);
}
PHP_FUNCTION(rtrim)
{
    php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 2);
}
PHP_FUNCTION(ltrim)
{
    php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 1);
}

Nach dem Login kopieren

static void php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int mode)
{
    zend_string *str;
    zend_string *what = NULL;

    ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)
        Z_PARAM_STR(str)
        Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL
        Z_PARAM_STR(what)
    ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

    ZVAL_STR(return_value, php_trim(str, (what ? ZSTR_VAL(what) : NULL), (what ? ZSTR_LEN(what) : 0), mode));
}

Nach dem Login kopieren

PHPAPI zend_string *php_trim(zend_string *str, char *what, size_t what_len, int mode)
{
    const char *c = ZSTR_VAL(str);
    size_t len = ZSTR_LEN(str);
    register size_t i;
    size_t trimmed = 0;
    char mask[256];

    if (what) {
        if (what_len == 1) {
            char p = *what;
            if (mode & 1) {
                for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                    if (c[i] == p) {
                        trimmed++;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                len -= trimmed;
                c += trimmed;
            }
            if (mode & 2) {
                if (len > 0) {
                    i = len - 1;
                    do {
                        if (c[i] == p) {
                            len--;
                        } else {
                            break;
                        }
                    } while (i-- != 0);
                }
            }
        } else {
            php_charmask((unsigned char*)what, what_len, mask);

            if (mode & 1) {
                for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                    if (mask[(unsigned char)c[i]]) {
                        trimmed++;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                len -= trimmed;
                c += trimmed;
            }
            if (mode & 2) {
                if (len > 0) {
                    i = len - 1;
                    do {
                        if (mask[(unsigned char)c[i]]) {
                            len--;
                        } else {
                            break;
                        }
                    } while (i-- != 0);
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        if (mode & 1) {
            for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                if ((unsigned char)c[i] <= &#39; &#39; &&
                    (c[i] == &#39; &#39; || c[i] == &#39;\n&#39; || c[i] == &#39;\r&#39; || c[i] == &#39;\t&#39; || c[i] == &#39;\v&#39; || c[i] == &#39;\0&#39;)) {
                    trimmed++;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            len -= trimmed;
            c += trimmed;
        }
        if (mode & 2) {
            if (len > 0) {
                i = len - 1;
                do {
                    if ((unsigned char)c[i] <= &#39; &#39; &&
                        (c[i] == &#39; &#39; || c[i] == &#39;\n&#39; || c[i] == &#39;\r&#39; || c[i] == &#39;\t&#39; || c[i] == &#39;\v&#39; || c[i] == &#39;\0&#39;)) {
                        len--;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                } while (i-- != 0);
            }
        }
    }

    if (ZSTR_LEN(str) == len) {
        return zend_string_copy(str);
    } else {
        return zend_string_init(c, len, 0);
    }
}

Nach dem Login kopieren

/* {{{ php_charmask
 * Fills a 256-byte bytemask with input. You can specify a range like &#39;a..z&#39;,
 * it needs to be incrementing.
 * Returns: FAILURE/SUCCESS whether the input was correct (i.e. no range errors)
 */
static inline int php_charmask(unsigned char *input, size_t len, char *mask)
{
    unsigned char *end;
    unsigned char c;
    int result = SUCCESS;

    memset(mask, 0, 256);
    for (end = input+len; input < end; input++) {
        c=*input;
        if ((input+3 < end) && input[1] == &#39;.&#39; && input[2] == &#39;.&#39;
                && input[3] >= c) {
            memset(mask+c, 1, input[3] - c + 1);
            input+=3;
        } else if ((input+1 < end) && input[0] == &#39;.&#39; && input[1] == &#39;.&#39;) {
            /* Error, try to be as helpful as possible:
               (a range ending/starting with &#39;.&#39; won&#39;t be captured here) */
            if (end-len >= input) { /* there was no &#39;left&#39; char */
                php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid &#39;..&#39;-range, no character to the left of &#39;..&#39;");
                result = FAILURE;
                continue;
            }
            if (input+2 >= end) { /* there is no &#39;right&#39; char */
                php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid &#39;..&#39;-range, no character to the right of &#39;..&#39;");
                result = FAILURE;
                continue;
            }
            if (input[-1] > input[2]) { /* wrong order */
                php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid &#39;..&#39;-range, &#39;..&#39;-range needs to be incrementing");
                result = FAILURE;
                continue;
            }
            /* FIXME: better error (a..b..c is the only left possibility?) */
            php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid &#39;..&#39;-range");
            result = FAILURE;
            continue;
        } else {
            mask[c]=1;
        }
    }
    return result;
}
/* }}} */

Nach dem Login kopieren

Das obige ist der detaillierte Inhalt vonGründe, warum das Trimmen in PHP zu verstümmelten Zeichen führt. Für weitere Informationen folgen Sie bitte anderen verwandten Artikeln auf der PHP chinesischen Website!