1. response.content和response.text的区别
response.content是编码后的byte类型(“str”数据类型),response.text是unicode类型。这两种方法的使用要视情况而定。注意:unicode -> str 是编码过程(encode()); str -> unicode 是解码过程(decode())。示例如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | # --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
response = requests.get( "https://baidu.com/" )
print response.url
print type(response.content)
with open( "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\content.html" , "w" ) as f:
f.write(response.content)
print "content保存成功"
print type(response.text)
with open( "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\text.html" , "w" ) as f:
# 返回url的编码方式
print response.encoding
f.write(response.text.encode( "ISO-8859-1" ))
print "text保存成功"
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2. 发送get请求,直接调用“resquests.get" 就可以了。response的一些属性:response.text; response.content; response.url; response.encoding; response.status_code
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | # --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
params = {
"wd" : "中国"
}
headers = {
"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.62 Safari/537.36"
}
response = requests.get( "https://baidu.com/s" , params=params, headers=headers)
print response.url
with open( "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\get.html" , "w" ) as f:
f.write(response.content)
print "保存成功"
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3. 发送post请求:传入data信息。注意get请求传入的是params信息。示例如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | # --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
data = {
"first" : "true" ,
"pn" : "1" ,
"wd" : "python"
}
headers = {
"Referer" : "https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput=" ,
"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.62 Safari/537.36"
}
response = requests.post( "https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false" , data=data, headers=headers)
print response.encoding
print type(response.content)
with open( "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\post.html" , "w" ) as f:
f.write(response.content)
print "保存成功"
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4. 使用代理。在get方法中增加proxy参数即可。示例代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | # --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
proxy = {
"http" : "124.42.7.103"
}
response = requests.get( "http://httpbin.org/ip" , proxies=proxy)
print response.content
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5. requests处理cookies信息。使用requests.Session()方法即可。示例代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | # --coding:utf-8-- #
import requests
url = "http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do"
# url = "http://www.renren.com/SysHome.do"
data = { "email" : "账号" , "password" : "密码" }
headers = {
"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.62 Safari/537.36"
}
session = requests.Session()
session.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
response = session.get( "http://www.renren.com/543484094/profile" )
with open( "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\Liwei.html" , "w" ) as fp:
fp.write(response.content)
print "保存成功"
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6. 处理不信任的SSL证书。与上面的代码相比,多了一个verify=False参数,为了处理SSL证书不受信用的问题。
示例代码如下:
1 | response = session.get( "http://www.renren.com/543484094/profile" , verify=False)
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以上就是关于requests库的基本使用。
本文讲解了requests库的基本使用 ,更多相关内容请关注php中文网。
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