Eine Einzeltabellenabfrage bezieht sich auf die Abfrage der erforderlichen Daten aus einer Datentabelle.
(1) Alle Felder abfragen
(2) Angegebene Felder abfragen
(3) Angegebene Datensätze abfragen
(4) Mit dem Schlüsselwort in abfragen
(5) Mit dem Bereich zwischen und abfragen
(6) Zeichen mit ähnlicher Übereinstimmungsabfrage
(7 ) Abfrage nach Nullwert
(8) Mehrfachbedingungsabfrage mit und
(9) Mehrfachbedingungsabfrage mit oder
(10) Abfrageergebnisse werden nicht wiederholt
(11) Abfrageergebnisse sortieren
(12) Gruppenabfrage
(13 ) Verwenden Sie „Limit“, um die Anzahl der Abfrageergebnisse zu begrenzen /code>
wählen Sie f_id,s_id,f_name,f_price aus Früchten aus;
Das Ergebnis der Ausführung der beiden obigen Anweisungen ist die Abfrage aller Felder:mysql> select * from fruits;+------+------+------------+---------+| f_id | s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------+------------+---------+| 12 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 || a1 | 101 | apple | 5.20 || a2 | 103 | apricot | 2.20 || b1 | 101 | blackberry | 10.20 || b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 || b5 | 107 | xxxx | 3.60 || bs1 | 102 | orange | 11.20 || bs2 | 105 | melon | 8.20 || c0 | 101 | cherry | 3.20 || m1 | 106 | mango | 15.70 || m2 | 105 | xbabay | 2.60 || m3 | 105 | xxtt | 11.60 || o2 | 103 | coconut | 9.20 || t1 | 102 | banana | 10.30 || t2 | 102 | grape | 5.30 || t4 | 107 | xbabay | 3.60 |+------+------+------------+---------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(2) Fragen Sie das angegebene Feld ab
1. Fragen Sie ein einzelnes Feld ab:wählen Sie den Spaltennamen aus dem Tabellennamen aus;
[Beispiel] Fragen Sie alle Fruchtnamen in der Spalte f_name in der Obsttabelle ab, dem SQL Die Anweisung lautet wie folgt:
mysql> select f_name from fruits;+------------+| f_name |+------------+| lemon || apple || apricot || blackberry || berry || xxxx || orange || melon || cherry || mango || xbabay || xxtt || coconut || banana || grape || xbabay |+------------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
select field name 1, field name 2,...field name n from table name;
[Beispiel] Rufen Sie die Namen f_name und f_price ab Aus der Spalte der Obsttabelle lautet die SQL-Anweisung wie folgt: mysql> select f_name,f_price from fruits;+------------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+------------+---------+| lemon | 6.40 || apple | 5.20 || apricot | 2.20 || blackberry | 10.20 || berry | 7.60 || xxxx | 3.60 || orange | 11.20 || melon | 8.20 || cherry | 3.20 || mango | 15.70 || xbabay | 2.60 || xxtt | 11.60 || coconut | 9.20 || banana | 10.30 || grape | 5.30 || xbabay | 3.60 |+------------+---------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
select 字段名1,字段名2,。。。,字段名n from 表名 where 查询条件
mysql> select f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> where f_price = 10.2;+------------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+------------+---------+| blackberry | 10.20 |+------------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
select * from fruits
select f_id,s_id,f_name,f_price from fruits;
上面两个语句执行后的结果都是查询所有字段:
mysql> select f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> where f_name = 'apple';+--------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+--------+---------+| apple | 5.20 |+--------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.查询单个字段:select 列名 from 表名;
【例】查询fruits表中f_name列所有水果名称,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> where f_price<10.00;+---------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+---------+---------+| lemon | 6.40 || apple | 5.20 || apricot | 2.20 || berry | 7.60 || xxxx | 3.60 || melon | 8.20 || cherry | 3.20 || xbabay | 2.60 || coconut | 9.20 || grape | 5.30 || xbabay | 3.60 |+---------+---------+11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.查询多个字段:select 字段名1,字段名2,...字段名n from 表名;
【例】从fruits表中获取名称为f_name和f_price两列,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select s_id,f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> where s_id in(101,102) -> order by f_name;+------+------------+---------+| s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------------+---------+| 101 | apple | 5.20 || 102 | banana | 10.30 || 101 | blackberry | 10.20 || 101 | cherry | 3.20 || 102 | grape | 5.30 || 102 | orange | 11.20 |+------+------------+---------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select s_id,f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> where s_id not in (101,102) -> order by f_name;+------+---------+---------+| s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+---------+---------+| 103 | apricot | 2.20 || 104 | berry | 7.60 || 103 | coconut | 9.20 || 104 | lemon | 6.40 || 106 | mango | 15.70 || 105 | melon | 8.20 || 105 | xbabay | 2.60 || 107 | xbabay | 3.60 || 105 | xxtt | 11.60 || 107 | xxxx | 3.60 |+------+---------+---------+10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例1】查询价格为10.2元的水果名称,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_name,f_price from fruits where f_price between 2.00 and 10.20;+------------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+------------+---------+| lemon | 6.40 || apple | 5.20 || apricot | 2.20 || blackberry | 10.20 || berry | 7.60 || xxxx | 3.60 || melon | 8.20 || cherry | 3.20 || xbabay | 2.60 || coconut | 9.20 || grape | 5.30 || xbabay | 3.60 |+------------+---------+12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例2】查找名称为"apple"的水果价格,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> where f_price not between 2.00 and 10.20;+--------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+--------+---------+| orange | 11.20 || mango | 15.70 || xxtt | 11.60 || banana | 10.30 |+--------+---------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例3】查询价格小于10的水果名称,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_id,f_name -> from fruits -> where f_name like 'b%';+------+------------+| f_id | f_name |+------+------------+| b1 | blackberry || b2 | berry || t1 | banana |+------+------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例1】s_id为101和102的记录,SQL语句如下;
mysql> select f_id,f_name -> from fruits -> where f_name like '%g%';+------+--------+| f_id | f_name |+------+--------+| bs1 | orange || m1 | mango || t2 | grape |+------+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例2】查询所有s_id既不等于101也不等于102的记录,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_id,f_name -> from fruits -> where f_name like 'b%y';+------+------------+| f_id | f_name |+------+------------+| b1 | blackberry || b2 | berry |+------+------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例1】查询价格在2.00元到10.20元之间的水果名称和价格,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_id,f_name -> from fruits -> where f_name like '____y';+------+--------+| f_id | f_name |+------+--------+| b2 | berry |+------+--------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
【例2】查询价格在2.00元到10.20元之外的水果名称和价格,SQL语句如下;
create table customers( c_id int not null auto_increment, c_name char(50) not null, c_address char(50) null, c_city char(50) null, c_zip char(10) null, c_contact char(50) null, c_email char(255) null, primary key (c_id) );
1.%通配符,匹配任意长度的字符,甚至包括零字符。
【例1】查找所有以"b"字母开头的水果,SQL语句如下:
mysql> insert into customers(c_id,c_name,c_address,c_city,c_zip,c_contact,c_email) -> values -> (10001,'redhool','200 Street ','Tianjin','300000','LiMing','LMing@163.com'), -> (10002,'Stars','333 Fromage Lane','Dalian','116000','Zhangbo','Jerry@hotmail.com'), -> (10003,'Netbhood','1 Sunny Place','Qingdao','266000','LuoCong',null), -> (10004,'JOTO','829 Riverside Drive','Haikou','570000','YangShan','sam@hotmail.com');Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.06 sec)Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
【例2】在fruits表中,查询f_name中包含字母"g"的记录,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select c_id,c_name,c_email from customers where c_email is null;+-------+----------+---------+| c_id | c_name | c_email |+-------+----------+---------+| 10003 | Netbhood | NULL |+-------+----------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
【例3】查询以"b"开头,并以‘y’结尾的水果的名称,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select c_id,c_name,c_email -> from customers -> where c_email is not null;+-------+---------+-------------------+| c_id | c_name | c_email |+-------+---------+-------------------+| 10001 | redhool | LMing@163.com || 10002 | Stars | Jerry@hotmail.com || 10004 | JOTO | sam@hotmail.com |+-------+---------+-------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2._通配符,一次只能匹配任意一个字符。
【例】在fruits表中,查询以字母‘y’结尾,且‘y’前面只有4个字母的记录,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_id,f_price,f_name -> from fruits -> where s_id = '101' and f_price>=5; +------+---------+------------+ | f_id | f_price | f_name | +------+---------+------------+ | a1 | 5.20 | apple | | b1 | 10.20 | blackberry | +------+---------+------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
下面创建数据表customers来演示:
mysql> select f_id ,f_price , f_name -> from fruits -> where s_id in ('101','102') and f_price >=5 and f_name = 'apple';+------+---------+--------+| f_id | f_price | f_name |+------+---------+--------+| a1 | 5.20 | apple |+------+---------+--------+1 row in set (0.05 sec)
插入下列语句:
mysql> select s_id,f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> where s_id=101 or s_id=102;+------+------------+---------+| s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------------+---------+| 101 | apple | 5.20 || 101 | blackberry | 10.20 || 102 | orange | 11.20 || 101 | cherry | 3.20 || 102 | banana | 10.30 || 102 | grape | 5.30 |+------+------------+---------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例1】查询customers表中c_email为空的记录的c_id、c_name和c_email字段值,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select s_id,f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> where s_id in(101,102);+------+------------+---------+| s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------------+---------+| 101 | apple | 5.20 || 101 | blackberry | 10.20 || 102 | orange | 11.20 || 101 | cherry | 3.20 || 102 | banana | 10.30 || 102 | grape | 5.30 |+------+------------+---------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec
【例2】查询customers表中c_email不为空的记录的c_id、c_name、和c_email字段值,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select distinct s_id from fruits;+------+| s_id |+------+| 104 || 101 || 103 || 107 || 102 || 105 || 106 |+------+7 rows in set (0.05 sec)
【例1】在fruits表中查询s_id=101,且f_price大于5的水果的价格和名称,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_name from fruits order by f_name;+------------+| f_name |+------------+| apple || apricot || banana || berry || blackberry || cherry || coconut || grape || lemon || mango || melon || orange || xbabay || xbabay || xxtt || xxxx |+------------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例2】在fruits表中查询s_id=101或者102,且f_price大于5,且f_name='apple’的水果价格和名称,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> order by f_name, f_price;+------------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+------------+---------+| apple | 5.20 || apricot | 2.20 || banana | 10.30 || berry | 7.60 || blackberry | 10.20 || cherry | 3.20 || coconut | 9.20 || grape | 5.30 || lemon | 6.40 || mango | 15.70 || melon | 8.20 || orange | 11.20 || xbabay | 2.60 || xbabay | 3.60 || xxtt | 11.60 || xxxx | 3.60 |+------------+---------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例1】查询s_id=101或者s_id=102的水果供应商的f_price和f_name,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> order by f_price desc;+------------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+------------+---------+| mango | 15.70 || xxtt | 11.60 || orange | 11.20 || banana | 10.30 || blackberry | 10.20 || coconut | 9.20 || melon | 8.20 || berry | 7.60 || lemon | 6.40 || grape | 5.30 || apple | 5.20 || xxxx | 3.60 || xbabay | 3.60 || cherry | 3.20 || xbabay | 2.60 || apricot | 2.20 |+------------+---------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例2】查询s_id=101或者s_id=102的水果供应商的f_price和f_name,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_price,f_name -> from fruits -> order by f_price desc,f_name;+---------+------------+| f_price | f_name |+---------+------------+| 15.70 | mango || 11.60 | xxtt || 11.20 | orange || 10.30 | banana || 10.20 | blackberry || 9.20 | coconut || 8.20 | melon || 7.60 | berry || 6.40 | lemon || 5.30 | grape || 5.20 | apple || 3.60 | xbabay || 3.60 | xxxx || 3.20 | cherry || 2.60 | xbabay || 2.20 | apricot |+---------+------------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
select distinct 字段名 from 表名;
【例】查询fruits表中s_id字段的值,返回s_id字段值且不得重复,SQL语句如下;
mysql> select s_id,count(*) as total -> from fruits -> group by s_id;+------+-------+| s_id | total |+------+-------+| 104 | 2 || 101 | 3 || 103 | 2 || 107 | 2 || 102 | 3 || 105 | 3 || 106 | 1 |+------+-------+7 rows in set (0.05 sec)
1.单列排序order by
[Beispiel 2] Suche nach dem Preis einer Frucht mit dem Namen „Apfel“, die SQL-Anweisung lautet wie folgt:
mysql> select s_id,group_concat(f_name) as Names -> from fruits -> group by s_id;+------+-------------------------+| s_id | Names |+------+-------------------------+| 101 | apple,blackberry,cherry || 102 | orange,banana,grape || 103 | apricot,coconut || 104 | lemon,berry || 105 | melon,xbabay,xxtt || 106 | mango || 107 | xxxx,xbabay |+------+-------------------------+7 rows in set (0.05 sec)
[Beispiel 3] Abfrage des Namens von Früchten mit einem Preis unter 10 lautet die SQL-Anweisung wie folgt:
mysql> select s_id,group_concat(f_name) as Names -> from fruits -> group by s_id having count(f_name) >1;+------+-------------------------+| s_id | Names |+------+-------------------------+| 101 | apple,blackberry,cherry || 102 | orange,banana,grape || 103 | apricot,coconut || 104 | lemon,berry || 105 | melon,xbabay,xxtt || 107 | xxxx,xbabay |+------+-------------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select s_id,count(*) as Total -> from fruits -> group by s_id with rollup;+------+-------+| s_id | Total |+------+-------+| 101 | 3 || 102 | 3 || 103 | 2 || 104 | 2 || 105 | 3 || 106 | 1 || 107 | 2 || NULL | 16 |+------+-------+8 rows in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> select * from fruits group by s_id,f_name;+------+------+------------+---------+| f_id | s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------+------------+---------+| 12 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 || a1 | 101 | apple | 5.20 || a2 | 103 | apricot | 2.20 || b1 | 101 | blackberry | 10.20 || b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 || b5 | 107 | xxxx | 3.60 || bs1 | 102 | orange | 11.20 || bs2 | 105 | melon | 8.20 || c0 | 101 | cherry | 3.20 || m1 | 106 | mango | 15.70 || m2 | 105 | xbabay | 2.60 || m3 | 105 | xxtt | 11.60 || o2 | 103 | coconut | 9.20 || t1 | 102 | banana | 10.30 || t2 | 102 | grape | 5.30 || t4 | 107 | xbabay | 3.60 |+------+------+------------+---------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table orderitems -> ( -> o_num int not null, -> o_item int not null, -> f_id char(10) not null, -> quantity int not null, -> item_price decimal(8,2) not null, -> primary key (o_num,o_item) -> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)mysql> insert into orderitems(o_num,o_item,f_id,quantity,item_price) -> values(30001,1,'a1',10,5.2), -> (30001,2,'b2',3,7.6), -> (30001,3,'bs1',5,11.2), -> (30001,4,'bs2',15,9.2), -> (30002,1,'b3',2,20.0), -> (30003,1,'c0',100,10), -> (30004,1,'o2',50,2.50), -> (30005,1,'c0',5,10), -> (30005,2,'b1',10,8.99), -> (30005,3,'a2',10,2.2), -> (30005,4,'m1',5,14.99);Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.06 sec)Records: 11 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select o_num,sum(quantity * item_price) as orderTotal -> from orderitems -> group by o_num -> having sum(quantity * item_price) >=100;+-------+------------+| o_num | orderTotal |+-------+------------+| 30001 | 268.80 || 30003 | 1000.00 || 30004 | 125.00 || 30005 | 236.85 |+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select o_num,sum(quantity * item_price) as orderTotal -> from orderitems -> group by o_num -> having sum(quantity * item_price)>=100 -> order by orderTotal;+-------+------------+| o_num | orderTotal |+-------+------------+| 30004 | 125.00 || 30005 | 236.85 || 30001 | 268.80 || 30003 | 1000.00 |+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
limit [位置偏移量,] 行数
mysql> select * from fruits limit 4;+------+------+------------+---------+| f_id | s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------+------------+---------+| 12 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 || a1 | 101 | apple | 5.20 || a2 | 103 | apricot | 2.20 || b1 | 101 | blackberry | 10.20 |+------+------+------------+---------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from fruits limit 4,3;+------+------+--------+---------+| f_id | s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------+--------+---------+| b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 || b5 | 107 | xxxx | 3.60 || bs1 | 102 | orange | 11.20 |+------+------+--------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
wählen Sie einen eindeutigen Feldnamen aus dem Tabellennamen aus
li>sortieren nach
🎜🎜 [Beispiel] Fragen Sie den Feldwert f_name der Obsttabelle ab und sortieren Sie ihn. Die SQL-Anweisung lautet wie folgt: 🎜rrreee🎜2. Mehrspaltige Sortierung🎜【例】查询fruits表中的f_name和f_price字段,先按f_name排序,再按f_price排序,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> order by f_name, f_price;+------------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+------------+---------+| apple | 5.20 || apricot | 2.20 || banana | 10.30 || berry | 7.60 || blackberry | 10.20 || cherry | 3.20 || coconut | 9.20 || grape | 5.30 || lemon | 6.40 || mango | 15.70 || melon | 8.20 || orange | 11.20 || xbabay | 2.60 || xbabay | 3.60 || xxtt | 11.60 || xxxx | 3.60 |+------------+---------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.指定排序方向desc
【例1】查询fruits表中的f_name和f_price字段,对结果按f_price降序方式排序,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_name,f_price -> from fruits -> order by f_price desc;+------------+---------+| f_name | f_price |+------------+---------+| mango | 15.70 || xxtt | 11.60 || orange | 11.20 || banana | 10.30 || blackberry | 10.20 || coconut | 9.20 || melon | 8.20 || berry | 7.60 || lemon | 6.40 || grape | 5.30 || apple | 5.20 || xxxx | 3.60 || xbabay | 3.60 || cherry | 3.20 || xbabay | 2.60 || apricot | 2.20 |+------------+---------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例2】查询fruits表,先按f_price降序排序,再按f_name字段升序排序,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select f_price,f_name -> from fruits -> order by f_price desc,f_name;+---------+------------+| f_price | f_name |+---------+------------+| 15.70 | mango || 11.60 | xxtt || 11.20 | orange || 10.30 | banana || 10.20 | blackberry || 9.20 | coconut || 8.20 | melon || 7.60 | berry || 6.40 | lemon || 5.30 | grape || 5.20 | apple || 3.60 | xbabay || 3.60 | xxxx || 3.20 | cherry || 2.60 | xbabay || 2.20 | apricot |+---------+------------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[group by 字段][having<条件表达式>]
1.创建分组
【例1】根据s_id对fruits表中的数据进行分组,SQL语句如下;
mysql> select s_id,count(*) as total -> from fruits -> group by s_id;+------+-------+| s_id | total |+------+-------+| 104 | 2 || 101 | 3 || 103 | 2 || 107 | 2 || 102 | 3 || 105 | 3 || 106 | 1 |+------+-------+7 rows in set (0.05 sec)
可以看到group by 子句按照s_id排序并对数据分组。
【例2】根据s_id对fruits表中的数据进行分组,将每个供应商的水果名称显示出来,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select s_id,group_concat(f_name) as Names -> from fruits -> group by s_id;+------+-------------------------+| s_id | Names |+------+-------------------------+| 101 | apple,blackberry,cherry || 102 | orange,banana,grape || 103 | apricot,coconut || 104 | lemon,berry || 105 | melon,xbabay,xxtt || 106 | mango || 107 | xxxx,xbabay |+------+-------------------------+7 rows in set (0.05 sec)
2.使用having过滤分组
【例】根据s_id对fruits表中的数据进行分组,并显示水果种类大于1的分组信息,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select s_id,group_concat(f_name) as Names -> from fruits -> group by s_id having count(f_name) >1;+------+-------------------------+| s_id | Names |+------+-------------------------+| 101 | apple,blackberry,cherry || 102 | orange,banana,grape || 103 | apricot,coconut || 104 | lemon,berry || 105 | melon,xbabay,xxtt || 107 | xxxx,xbabay |+------+-------------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.在group by 子句中使用with rollup
【例】根据s_id对fruits表中的数据进行分组,并显示记录数量,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select s_id,count(*) as Total -> from fruits -> group by s_id with rollup;+------+-------+| s_id | Total |+------+-------+| 101 | 3 || 102 | 3 || 103 | 2 || 104 | 2 || 105 | 3 || 106 | 1 || 107 | 2 || NULL | 16 |+------+-------+8 rows in set (0.05 sec)
4.多字段分组
【例】根据s_id和f_name字段对fruits表中的数据进行分组,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select * from fruits group by s_id,f_name;+------+------+------------+---------+| f_id | s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------+------------+---------+| 12 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 || a1 | 101 | apple | 5.20 || a2 | 103 | apricot | 2.20 || b1 | 101 | blackberry | 10.20 || b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 || b5 | 107 | xxxx | 3.60 || bs1 | 102 | orange | 11.20 || bs2 | 105 | melon | 8.20 || c0 | 101 | cherry | 3.20 || m1 | 106 | mango | 15.70 || m2 | 105 | xbabay | 2.60 || m3 | 105 | xxtt | 11.60 || o2 | 103 | coconut | 9.20 || t1 | 102 | banana | 10.30 || t2 | 102 | grape | 5.30 || t4 | 107 | xbabay | 3.60 |+------+------+------------+---------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5.group by 和order by一起使用
创建数据表演示:
mysql> create table orderitems -> ( -> o_num int not null, -> o_item int not null, -> f_id char(10) not null, -> quantity int not null, -> item_price decimal(8,2) not null, -> primary key (o_num,o_item) -> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)mysql> insert into orderitems(o_num,o_item,f_id,quantity,item_price) -> values(30001,1,'a1',10,5.2), -> (30001,2,'b2',3,7.6), -> (30001,3,'bs1',5,11.2), -> (30001,4,'bs2',15,9.2), -> (30002,1,'b3',2,20.0), -> (30003,1,'c0',100,10), -> (30004,1,'o2',50,2.50), -> (30005,1,'c0',5,10), -> (30005,2,'b1',10,8.99), -> (30005,3,'a2',10,2.2), -> (30005,4,'m1',5,14.99);Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.06 sec)Records: 11 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
【例】查询订单价格大于100的订单号和总订单价格,SQL语句如下;
mysql> select o_num,sum(quantity * item_price) as orderTotal -> from orderitems -> group by o_num -> having sum(quantity * item_price) >=100;+-------+------------+| o_num | orderTotal |+-------+------------+| 30001 | 268.80 || 30003 | 1000.00 || 30004 | 125.00 || 30005 | 236.85 |+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到orderTotal列的总订单价格并没有按照一定的顺序显示,接下来使用order by关键字按总订单价格排列显示结果,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select o_num,sum(quantity * item_price) as orderTotal -> from orderitems -> group by o_num -> having sum(quantity * item_price)>=100 -> order by orderTotal;+-------+------------+| o_num | orderTotal |+-------+------------+| 30004 | 125.00 || 30005 | 236.85 || 30001 | 268.80 || 30003 | 1000.00 |+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到,group by 子句按订单号对数据进行分组,sum()函数便可以返回总的订单价格,having子句对分组数据进行过滤,使得只返回总价格大于100的订单,最后使用order by子句排序输出。
select返回所有匹配的行,有可能是表中所有的行,如仅仅需要返回第一行或者前几行,使用limit关键字,基本语法如下:
limit [位置偏移量,] 行数
【例1】显示fruits表查询结果的前4行,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select * from fruits limit 4;+------+------+------------+---------+| f_id | s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------+------------+---------+| 12 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 || a1 | 101 | apple | 5.20 || a2 | 103 | apricot | 2.20 || b1 | 101 | blackberry | 10.20 |+------+------+------------+---------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【例2】在fruits表中,使用limit子句,返回从第5个记录开始的、行数长度为3的记录,SQL语句如下:
mysql> select * from fruits limit 4,3;+------+------+--------+---------+| f_id | s_id | f_name | f_price |+------+------+--------+---------+| b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 || b5 | 107 | xxxx | 3.60 || bs1 | 102 | orange | 11.20 |+------+------+--------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
也可以使用"limit 4 offset 3
"也是获取从第5条记录开始后面的3条记录。
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