Unter Linux ist openssl ein äußerst leistungsfähiges Befehlszeilentool, mit dem viele Aufgaben im Zusammenhang mit dem Public-Key-System und HTTPS erledigt werden können. openssl verfügt über zwei Betriebsmodi: interaktiver Modus und Batch-Modus; geben Sie openssl direkt ein und drücken Sie die Eingabetaste, um in den interaktiven Modus zu gelangen. Geben Sie openssl mit Befehlsoptionen ein, um in den Batch-Modus zu gelangen.
Die Betriebsumgebung dieses Tutorials: Linux7.3-System, Dell G3-Computer.
OpenSSL ist ein äußerst leistungsstarkes Befehlszeilentool, mit dem viele Aufgaben im Zusammenhang mit Public Key Infrastructure (Public Key Infrastructure) und HTTPS erledigt werden können. openssl ist eine leistungsstarke kryptografische Bibliothek für Secure Sockets Layer, die wichtige kryptografische Algorithmen, häufig verwendete Schlüssel- und Zertifikatskapselungsverwaltungsfunktionen sowie SSL-Protokolle umfasst und eine Fülle von Anwendungen für Tests oder andere Zwecke bietet.
openssl verfügt über zwei Betriebsmodi: interaktiver Modus und Batch-Modus. Geben Sie „openssl“ direkt ein und drücken Sie die Eingabetaste, um in den interaktiven Modus zu wechseln. Geben Sie „openssl“ mit den Befehlsoptionen ein, um in den Batch-Modus zu wechseln.
Das gesamte OpenSSL-Softwarepaket kann grob in drei Hauptfunktionsteile unterteilt werden: kryptografische Algorithmenbibliothek, SSL-Protokollbibliothek und Anwendungen. Die Verzeichnisstruktur von OpenSSL ist natürlich um diese drei Funktionsteile herum geplant. Was der Befehl openssl bewirkt:
1 Befehlshilfe im Modus Base64-Dekodierung OpenSSL> help
Standard commands
asn1parse ca ciphers cms
crl crl2pkcs7 dgst dhparam
dsa dsaparam ec ecparam
enc engine errstr gendsa
genpkey genrsa help list
nseq ocsp passwd pkcs12
pkcs7 pkcs8 pkey pkeyparam
pkeyutl prime rand rehash
req rsa rsautl s_client
s_server s_time sess_id smime
speed spkac srp storeutl
ts verify version x509
Message Digest commands (see the `dgst’ command for more details)
blake2b512 blake2s256 gost md4
md5 mdc2 rmd160 sha1
sha224 sha256 sha3-224 sha3-256
sha3-384 sha3-512 sha384 sha512
sha512-224 sha512-256 shake128 shake256
sm3
Cipher commands (see the `enc’ command for more details)
aes-128-cbc aes-128-ecb aes-192-cbc aes-192-ecb
aes-256-cbc aes-256-ecb aria-128-cbc aria-128-cfb
aria-128-cfb1 aria-128-cfb8 aria-128-ctr aria-128-ecb
aria-128-ofb aria-192-cbc aria-192-cfb aria-192-cfb1
aria-192-cfb8 aria-192-ctr aria-192-ecb aria-192-ofb
aria-256-cbc aria-256-cfb aria-256-cfb1 aria-256-cfb8
aria-256-ctr aria-256-ecb aria-256-ofb base64
bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb
bf-ofb camellia-128-cbc camellia-128-ecb camellia-192-cbc
camellia-192-ecb camellia-256-cbc camellia-256-ecb cast
cast-cbc cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb
cast5-ofb des des-cbc des-cfb
des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb
des-ede-ofb des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb
des-ede3-ofb des-ofb des3 desx
idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb
idea-ofb rc2 rc2-40-cbc rc2-64-cbc
rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb
rc4 rc4-40 seed seed-cbc
seed-cfb seed-ecb seed-ofb sm4-cbc
sm4-cfb sm4-ctr sm4-ecb sm4-ofb
MD5-Digest durchführen Berechnung für die Zeichenfolge „wuhs“ OpenSSL> version
OpenSSL 1.1.1h 22 Sep 2020
(base) [root@sun-site certs]# echo “wuhs” |openssl base64 d3Vocwo= (base) [root@sun-site certs]# echo “wuhs” > 1.txt (base) [root@sun-site certs]# openssl base64 -in 1.txt d3Vocwo=
(base) [root@sun-site certs]# echo “d3Vocwo=” | openssl base64 -d wuhs (base) [root@sun-site certs]# openssl base64 -d -in 1.base64 wuhs
(base) [root@sun-site certs]# openssl rand -base64 10 |cut -c 1-12 PGznlV5Og0Us
(base) [root@sun-site certs]# echo wuhs | openssl md5 (stdin)= 4cdb1fbd6a34ff27dc8c10913fab3e7e (base) [root@sun-site certs]# openssl md5 1.txt MD5(1.txt)= 4cdb1fbd6a34ff27dc8c10913fab3e7e
(base) [root@sun-site certs]# openssl sha1 1.txt SHA1(1.txt)= bd8f0b20de17d623608218d05e8741502cf42302 (base) [root@sun-site certs]# echo wuhs | openssl sha1 (stdin)= bd8f0b20de17d623608218d05e8741502cf42302
Sehen Sie sich die CSR-Datei an(base) [root@sun-site certs]# openssl aes-128-cbc -in 1.txt -k 123 -base64
*** WARNING : deprecated key derivation used.
Using -iter or -pbkdf2 would be better.
U2FsdGVkX194Z8P5c7C8vmXbA39omlqU/ET8xaehVFk=
Selbstsigniertes Zertifikat generieren (base) [root@sun-site certs]# openssl aes-128-cbc -d -k 123 -base64 -in 2.txt
*** WARNING : deprecated key derivation used.
Using -iter or -pbkdf2 would be better.
wuhs
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out sunsite.key 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes) …+++++ …+++++ e is 65537 (0x010001) Enter pass phrase for sunsite.key: Verifying - Enter pass phrase for sunsite.key: (base) [root@sun-site tmp]# ll total 16 -rw------- 1 root root 1751 Oct 25 14:43 sunsite.key
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl rsa -check -in sunsite.key Enter pass phrase for sunsite.key: RSA key ok writing RSA key -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEA1jDreCAjX5kpNmnyNayQB/GUvyIRvZZM2WoKAIjne91JupgP OKmBdYSWeWsf0h0XU9ubhCHpgCss2hdRKxLN3rJLlFD98TUKpb9S2XkfrT9s3cLN PQyCELK60zrs1sE52I4pDj4nTZPZCL9mykzqwNa5rcGuHN/lLnvJxFPJOJwVWbVE Bvh+jGioJbi+Ar0rs37/8naGBYz5k4BFn5sCKrhssoMEpDWjMz4yJMpycTlEFITa …
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl x509 -text -noout -in sunsite.crt
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl rsa -des3 -in sunsite.key -out sunsite.key writing RSA key Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl rsa -in sunsite.key -out sunsite2.key Enter pass phrase for sunsite.key: writing RSA key
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl req \ -key sunsite.key \ -new -out sunsite.csr You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:HuNan Locality Name (eg, city) []:changsha Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:sunsite Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jsb Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:wuhs Email Address []:524627027@qq.com Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:123456 An optional company name []:123456
P EM zu PKCS7 (base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl req \
-newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout s.key \
-out s.csr
Generating a RSA private key
…+++++
.+++++
writing new private key to ‘s.key’
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:hunan
Locality Name (eg, city) []:changsha
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:sunsite
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jsb
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:wuhs
Email Address []:524627027@qq.com
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:123456
An optional company name []:123456
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# ll
total 28
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 1102 Oct 25 15:37 s.csr
-rw------- 1 root root 1708 Oct 25 15:37 s.key
openssl x509 \ -in domain.crt \ -signkey domain.key -x509toreq -out domain.csr
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl req -text -noout -verify -in sunsite.csr
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl req \ -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout sunsite.key \ -x509 -days 365 -out sunsite.crt Generating a RSA private key …+++++ …+++++ writing new private key to ‘sunsite.key’ ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:cn State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:hn Locality Name (eg, city) []:cs Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:sunsite Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jsb Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:wuhs Email Address []:524627027@qq.com (base) [root@sun-site tmp]# ll -rw-r–r-- 1 root root 1383 Oct 25 16:03 sunsite.crt -rw-r–r-- 1 root root 1102 Oct 25 15:05 sunsite.csr -rw------- 1 root root 1708 Oct 25 16:03 sunsite.key
Der Client erhält die Seriennummer des zu widerrufenden Zertifikats (in der Hostausführung mithilfe von Zertifikat) 
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openssl req \ -key sunsite.key -new \ -x509 -days 365 -out sunsite.crt You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:cn State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:hn Locality Name (eg, city) []:cs Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:sunsite Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jsb Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:wuhs Email Address []:wuhs@qq.com
12 openSL x509-Befehl als Beispiel
(base) [root@sun-site tmp]# openSLopenssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]
2、标准命令
| 命令 | 命令介绍 |
|---|---|
| asn1parse | 解析ASN.1序列。 |
| ca | 证书颁发机构（ca）管理。 |
| ciphers | 密码套件描述确定。 |
| cms | cms（加密消息语法）实用程序 |
| crl | 证书撤销列表（crl）管理。 |
| crl2pkcs7 | CRL到PKCS#7的转换。 |
| dgst | 消息摘要计算。 |
| dh | Diffie-Hellman参数管理。被dhparam淘汰。 |
| dhparam | Diffie-Hellman参数的生成和管理。由genpkey和pkeyparam取代 |
| dsa | dsa数据管理。 |
| dsaparam | DSA参数生成和管理。由genpkey和pkeyparam取代 |
| ec | ec（椭圆曲线）密钥处理 |
| ecparam | EC参数操作和生成 |
| enc | 使用密码进行编码。 |
| engine | 引擎（可加载模块）信息和操作。 |
| errstr | 错误编号到错误字符串的转换。 |
| gendh | Diffie-Hellman参数的生成。被dhparam淘汰。 |
| gendsa | 根据参数生成DSA私钥。由genpkey和pkey取代 |
| genpkey | 生成私钥或参数。 |
| genrsa | 生成RSA私钥。由根普基取代。 |
| nseq | 创建或检查netscape证书序列 |
| ocsp | 在线证书状态协议实用程序。 |
| passwd | 生成哈希密码。 |
| pkcs12 | PKCS#12数据管理。 |
| pkcs7 | PKCS#7数据管理。 |
| pkey | 公钥和私钥管理。 |
| pkeyparam | 公钥算法参数管理。 |
| pkeyutl | 公钥算法加密操作实用程序。 |
| rand | 生成伪随机字节。 |
| req | PKCS#10 X.509证书签名请求（CSR）管理。 |
| rsa | rsa密钥管理。 |
| rsautl | RSA实用程序，用于签名、验证、加密和解密。被pkeyutl取代 |
| s_client | 这实现了一个通用的SSL/TLS客户端，它可以与使用SSL/TLS的远程服务器建立透明连接。它仅用于测试目的，只提供基本的接口功能，但在内部主要使用OpenSSL库的所有功能。 |
| s_server | |
| s_time | SSL连接计时器。 |
| sess_id | SSL会话数据管理。 |
| smime | S/MIME邮件处理。 |
| speed | 算法速度测量。 |
| spkac | spkac打印和生成实用程序 |
| ts | 时间戳授权工具（客户端/服务器） |
| verify | X.509证书验证。 |
| version | OpenSSL版本信息。 |
| x509 | X.509证书数据管理。 |
| rmd160 | RMD-160 Digest |
|---|---|
| SHA Digest | |
| SHA-1 Digest | |
| SHA-224 Digest | |
| 4. Kodierungs- und Passwortbefehle | |
| Befehl | |
| base64-Kodierung | |
| Blowfish-Passwort | |
| Passwortkonvertierung erzwingen | |
| CAST5 Passwort |
des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofbTriple DES Passwort
| IDEA passwort | |
|---|---|
| rc4 | |
| rc5 rc5- cbc rc5-cfb rc5- ecb rc5-ofb | |
| Verwandte Empfehlungen: „ | |
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