Zuerst müssen Sie die python-gitlab-Bibliothek installierenpython-gitlab 库
sudo pip install --upgrade python-gitlab
git clone https://github.com/python-gitlab/python-gitlab cd python-gitlab sudo python setup.py install
首先需要对环境进行配置才能使用 cli ，需要提供一个配置文件，指明 gitlab server 信息以及连接参数，配置文件格式为 INI ,样例如下:
[global] default = somewhere ssl_verify = true timeout = 5 [somewhere] url = https://some.whe.re private_token = vTbFeqJYCY3sibBP7BZM api_version = 4 [elsewhere] url = http://else.whe.re:8080 private_token = CkqsjqcQSFH5FQKDccu4 timeout = 1
其中 global 部分是必须提供的，主要是连接 gitlab 的参数
其他部分是可选，当没有配置时默认用的是 default
使用过程中可以通过 -g 指定具体使用的是那一节，如 gitlab -g somewhere project list
本文使用的配置文件如下 :
[global] ssl_verify = true timeout = 5 [gitlab] url = https://gitlab-russellgo.cn private_token = xxxxxx api_version = 4
配置文件可以通过以下几种方法生效 :
通过环境变量配置 PYTHON_GITLAB_CFG
放在系统配置下 /etc/python-gitlab.cfg
放在当前用户 home 目录下 ~/.python-gitlab.cfg
通过命令行指定 -c 或者 --config-file
本文的配置文件放在了 home 下。
当配置好了环境就可以愉快的使用了
列出所有的 project （分页返回）
# 上面定义了一个 gitlab 的组，所以执行时可以通过 -g 指定 gitlab -g gitlab project list
列出所有的 project
gitlab -g gitlab project list --all
试到这里有个疑问，怎么知道 gitlab 目前支持哪些命令呢
gitlab -g gitlab
# 以下是输出
usage: gitlab [-h] [--version] [-v] [-d] [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-g GITLAB]
[-o {json,legacy,yaml}] [-f FIELDS]
{application-settings,audit-event,broadcast-message,current-user,current-user-email,current-user-gp-gkey,current-user-key,current-user-status,deploy-key,dockerfile,event,feature,geo-node,gitignore,gitlabciyml,group,group-access-request,group-badge,group-board,group-board-list,group-cluster,group-custom-attribute,group-epic,group-epic-issue,group-epic-resource-label-event,group-issue,group-label,group-member,group-merge-request,group-milestone,group-notification-settings,group-project,group-subgroup,group-variable,hook,issue,l-da-pgroup,license,merge-request,namespace,notification-settings,pages-domain,project,project-access-request,project-additional-statistics,project-approval,project-approval-rule,project-badge,project-board,project-board-list,project-branch,project-cluster,project-commit,project-commit-comment,project-commit-discussion,project-commit-discussion-note,project-commit-status,project-custom-attribute,project-deployment,project-environment,project-event,project-export,project-file,project-fork,project-hook,project-import,project-issue,project-issue-award-emoji,project-issue-discussion,project-issue-discussion-note,project-issue-link,project-issue-note,project-issue-note-award-emoji,project-issue-resource-label-event,project-issues-statistics,project-job,project-key,project-label,project-member,project-merge-request,project-merge-request-approval,project-merge-request-award-emoji,project-merge-request-diff,project-merge-request-discussion,project-merge-request-discussion-note,project-merge-request-note,project-merge-request-note-award-emoji,project-merge-request-resource-label-event,project-milestone,project-note,project-notification-settings,project-pages-domain,project-pipeline,project-pipeline-job,project-pipeline-schedule,project-pipeline-schedule-variable,project-pipeline-variable,project-protected-branch,project-protected-tag,project-push-rules,project-registry-repository,project-registry-tag,project-release,project-runner,project-service,project-snippet,project-snippet-award-emoji,project-snippet-discussion,project-snippet-discussion-note,project-snippet-note,project-snippet-note-award-emoji,project-tag,project-trigger,project-user,project-variable,project-wiki,runner,runner-job,snippet,todo,user,user-activities,user-custom-attribute,user-email,user-event,user-gp-gkey,user-impersonation-token,user-key,user-project,user-status}这样可以列出当前 gitlab 支持的资源，知道了支持的资源，那有怎么知道某种资源支持哪些操作的，以 project 为例，
gitlab -g gitlab project
# 以下是输出
usage: gitlab project [-h]
{list,get,create,update,delete,repository-blob,repository-contributors,delete-merged-branches,share,archive,repository-compare,create-fork-relation,languages,mirror-pull,unarchive,star,search,artifact,trigger-pipeline,repository-archive,delete-fork-relation,repository-raw-blob,repository-tree,unstar,housekeeping,unshare,upload,snapshot,update-submodule,transfer-project}
...
gitlab project: error: too few arguments这样就可以知道 gitlab 支持对何种资源做哪些操作，再通过 --help 就可以知道具体的参数，如
gitlab -g gitlab project list --help # 以下是输出 usage: gitlab project list [-h] [--sudo SUDO] [--search SEARCH] [--owned OWNED] [--starred STARRED] [--archived ARCHIVED] [--visibility VISIBILITY] [--order-by ORDER_BY] [--sort SORT] [--simple SIMPLE] [--membership MEMBERSHIP] [--statistics STATISTICS] [--with-issues-enabled WITH_ISSUES_ENABLED] [--with-merge-requests-enabled WITH_MERGE_REQUESTS_ENABLED] [--with-custom-attributes WITH_CUSTOM_ATTRIBUTES] [--page PAGE] [--per-page PER_PAGE] [--all] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --sudo SUDO --search SEARCH --owned OWNED --starred STARRED --archived ARCHIVED --visibility VISIBILITY --order-by ORDER_BY --sort SORT --simple SIMPLE --membership MEMBERSHIP --statistics STATISTICS --with-issues-enabled WITH_ISSUES_ENABLED --with-merge-requests-enabled WITH_MERGE_REQUESTS_ENABLED --with-custom-attributes WITH_CUSTOM_ATTRIBUTES --page PAGE --per-page PER_PAGE --all
这样就可以很方便的对 gitlab 进行操作了。
除了通过命令行操作 gitlab 之外，还可以用编程的方式进行集成，一个常见的场景，要从 gitlab 中下载某个文件
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
from __future__ import print_function
import gitlab
# 实例化一个 gitlab 对象
url = "https://gitlab.russellgao.cn"
private_token = "xxxxxxxx"
gl = gitlab.Gitlab('https://gitlab.russellgao.cn', private_token=private_token)
# 列出所有的项目
projects = gl.projects.list()
for project in projects:
print(project)
# 获取 group id 是 2 的 list
group = gl.groups.get(2)
for project in group.projects.list():
print(project)
# 创建一个用户
user_data = {'email': 'jen@foo.com', 'username': 'jen', 'name': 'Jen'}
user = gl.users.create(user_data)
print(user)
# 列出 create 和 update 时需要的参数
# get_create_attrs() 创建时需要的参数
# get_update_attrs() 更新时需要的参数
print(gl.projects.get_create_attrs())
(('name',), ('path', 'namespace_id', ...))
# 返回的是两个元组， 第一个 必选的参数，第二个是可选的参数
# 获取 对象的属性 ，如 project
project = gl.projects.get(1)
print(project.attributes)
# 有些对象提供了 gitlab 相关的资源属性
project = gl.projects.get(1)
issues = project.issues.list()
# python-gitlab 允许向 gitlab 发送任何数据，当发送非法数据或者缺少相关参数时会抛出异常
gl.projects.list(sort='invalid value')
# ...
# GitlabListError: 400: sort does not have a valid value
# 通过 query_parameters 进行传参 当参数和python 关键字冲突时
gl.user_activities.list(from='2019-01-01') ## invalid
gl.user_activities.list(query_parameters={'from': '2019-01-01'}) # OK通过 gitlab raw url 进行下载文件
def download_gitlab_file(url, filename, private_token) :
"""
从 gitlab 上下载文件
:param url: gitlab raw url
:param filename: 保存到本地的文件名称
:param private_token:
:return:
"""
import gitlab
import codecs
def writeLinesToFile(filename, lines, append=False, encoding=None):
if (append == True):
file_mode = "a"
else:
file_mode = "w"
encoding = encoding or 'utf-8'
with codecs.open(filename, file_mode, encoding=encoding) as fp:
for line in lines:
print(unicode(line), file=fp)
url_patterns = url.split("/")
if len(url_patterns) < 8 :
raise ValueError("url: `{}` 参数不合法，以 / 分隔之后长度必须大于8".format(url))
baseurl = "{}//{}".format(url_patterns[0], url_patterns[2])
namespace = url_patterns[3]
project_name = url_patterns[4]
branch = url_patterns[6]
url_filename = "/".join(url_patterns[7:])
if url_patterns[5] == "-" :
branch = url_patterns[7]
url_filename = "/".join(url_patterns[8:])
gl = gitlab.Gitlab(str(baseurl), private_token)
projects = gl.projects.list(search=project_name)
projects = filter(lambda x : x.namespace.get("full_path") == namespace, projects )
if len(projects) == 0 :
raise ValueError("根据url 没有找到相应的 project ,请检查当前用户是否有权限或者 url 是否正确 ")
project = projects[0]
raw_content = project.files.raw(file_path=url_filename, ref=branch)
writeLinesToFile(filename, [raw_content])
return raw_content源码地址: https://github.com/python-gitlab/python-gitlab/
从 setup.py#L31:5 中可以看出
from setuptools import setup
from setuptools import find_packages
...
setup(
name="python-gitlab",
...
entry_points={"console_scripts": ["gitlab = gitlab.cli:main"]},
....
)python-gitlab 采用 setuptools 进行打包，打成的包有两个作用:
当作 python 库使用 （默认）
entry_points={"console_scripts": ["gitlab = gitlab.cli:main"]} 说明可以当作 cli 使用，指令是 gitlab ，真正调用的是 gitlab.cli:main 函数
在看一下 cli.py 这个入口文件，从入口文件可以看到 cli.py#L182:14
def main():
import gitlab.v4.cli
...
# 可以跳转到这个函数中查看
parser = _get_base_parser(add_help=False)
...
def _get_base_parser(add_help: bool = True) -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
add_help=add_help, description="GitLab API Command Line Interface"
)
parser.add_argument("--version", help="Display the version.", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument(
"-v",
"--verbose",
"--fancy",
help="Verbose mode (legacy format only)",
action="store_true",
)
...这里可以 cli 解析库用的是 argparse 做命令行参数的解析 。
通过 GitlabCLI class cli.py#L29:7 可以看出
class GitlabCLI(object):
def __init__(self, gl, what, action, args):
self.cls_name = cli.what_to_cls(what)
self.cls = gitlab.v4.objects.__dict__[self.cls_name]
self.what = what.replace("-", "_")
self.action = action.lower()
self.gl = gl
self.args = args
self.mgr_cls = getattr(gitlab.v4.objects, self.cls.__name__ + "Manager")
# We could do something smart, like splitting the manager name to find
# parents, build the chain of managers to get to the final object.
# Instead we do something ugly and efficient: interpolate variables in
# the class _path attribute, and replace the value with the result.
self.mgr_cls._path = self.mgr_cls._path % self.args
self.mgr = self.mgr_cls(gl)
if self.mgr_cls._types:
for attr_name, type_cls in self.mgr_cls._types.items():
if attr_name in self.args.keys():
obj = type_cls()
obj.set_from_cli(self.args[attr_name])
self.args[attr_name] = obj.get()cli 基本格式为 gitlab what action args ,即上面 cli 章节提到的 gitlab 支持的资源 做什么操作 这个操作对应的参数
通过走读 client.py
def http_request(
self,
verb: str,
path: str,
query_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
post_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
streamed: bool = False,
files: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
**kwargs: Any,
) -> requests.Response:
"""Make an HTTP request to the Gitlab server.
Args:
verb (str): The HTTP method to call ('get', 'post', 'put',
'delete')
path (str): Path or full URL to query ('/projects' or
'http://whatever/v4/api/projecs')
query_data (dict): Data to send as query parameters
post_data (dict): Data to send in the body (will be converted to
json)
streamed (bool): Whether the data should be streamed
files (dict): The files to send to the server
**kwargs: Extra options to send to the server (e.g. sudo)
Returns:
A requests result object.
Raises:
GitlabHttpError: When the return code is not 2xx
"""
query_data = query_data or {}
url = self._build_url(path)
params: Dict[str, Any] = {}
utils.copy_dict(params, query_data)
# Deal with kwargs: by default a user uses kwargs to send data to the
# gitlab server, but this generates problems (python keyword conflicts
# and python-gitlab/gitlab conflicts).
# So we provide a `query_parameters` key: if it's there we use its dict
# value as arguments for the gitlab server, and ignore the other
# arguments, except pagination ones (per_page and page)
if "query_parameters" in kwargs:
utils.copy_dict(params, kwargs["query_parameters"])
for arg in ("per_page", "page"):
if arg in kwargs:
params[arg] = kwargs[arg]
else:
utils.copy_dict(params, kwargs)
opts = self._get_session_opts(content_type="application/json")
verify = opts.pop("verify")
timeout = opts.pop("timeout")
# If timeout was passed into kwargs, allow it to override the default
timeout = kwargs.get("timeout", timeout)
# We need to deal with json vs. data when uploading files
if files:
json = None
if post_data is None:
post_data = {}
post_data["file"] = files.get("file")
post_data["avatar"] = files.get("avatar")
data = MultipartEncoder(post_data)
opts["headers"]["Content-type"] = data.content_type
else:
json = post_data
data = None
# Requests assumes that `.` should not be encoded as %2E and will make
# changes to urls using this encoding. Using a prepped request we can
# get the desired behavior.
# The Requests behavior is right but it seems that web servers don't
# always agree with this decision (this is the case with a default
# gitlab installation)
req = requests.Request(verb, url, json=json, data=data, params=params, **opts)
prepped = self.session.prepare_request(req)
prepped.url = utils.sanitized_url(prepped.url)
settings = self.session.merge_environment_settings(
prepped.url, {}, streamed, verify, None
)
# obey the rate limit by default
obey_rate_limit = kwargs.get("obey_rate_limit", True)
# do not retry transient errors by default
retry_transient_errors = kwargs.get("retry_transient_errors", False)
# set max_retries to 10 by default, disable by setting it to -1
max_retries = kwargs.get("max_retries", 10)
cur_retries = 0
...INI, das Beispiel lautet wie folgt: #🎜🎜#rrreeewobei globale-Teil ist erforderlich, hauptsächlich die Parameter zum Herstellen einer Verbindung mit gitlab#🎜🎜#
Andere Teile sind optional Keine Konfiguration, die Standardeinstellung #🎜🎜 wird verwendet #
Während der Verwendung können Sie -g verwenden, um anzugeben, welcher Abschnitt verwendet werden soll, z. B. gitlab -g irgendwo in der Projektliste#🎜 🎜#
Konfigurieren durch Umgebungsvariablen PYTHON_GITLAB_CFG#🎜🎜#
Platzieren Sie es in der Systemkonfiguration /etc/python -gitlab.cfg#🎜🎜#
Platzieren Sie es im Home-Verzeichnis des aktuellen Benutzers ~/.python-gitlab.cfg#🎜🎜# li>
Geben Sie -c oder --config-file# an 🎜🎜#
Alle Projekte auflisten (Rückgabe in Seiten) # 🎜🎜#rrreee
#🎜🎜##🎜🎜#
Alle Projekte auflisten#🎜🎜#rrreee
#🎜🎜##🎜🎜#
gitlab derzeit unterstützt? #🎜🎜#rrreee#🎜🎜#Auf diese Weise können Sie die derzeit von gitlab unterstützten Ressourcen auflisten. Wenn Sie die unterstützten Ressourcen kennen, woher wissen Sie dann, welche Vorgänge eine bestimmte Ressource unterstützt? Unterstützt Welche Vorgänge können Sie über --help über die spezifischen Parameter erfahren, z. B. #🎜🎜#rrreee#🎜🎜# Auf diese Weise können Sie gitlab problemlos bedienen. #🎜🎜#Wird als Python-Bibliothek verwendet (Standard) #🎜🎜 #
entry_points={"console_scripts": ["gitlab = gitlab.cli:main"]} Beschreibung kann als CLI verwendet werden. Der Befehl lautet gitlab, und was tatsächlich aufgerufen wird, ist die Funktion gitlab.cli:main #🎜🎜#
cli .py Diese Eintragsdatei können Sie aus der Eintragsdatei cli.py#L182:14#🎜🎜#rrreee#🎜🎜#Hier können Sie die CLI-Parsing-Bibliothek argparse verwenden Machen Sie es mit dem Parsen von Befehlszeilenargumenten. #🎜🎜##🎜🎜#Durch die GitlabCLI-Klasse cli.py#L29:7 können wir sehen, dass das #🎜🎜#rrreee#🎜🎜#cli-Grundformat gitlab what action args , das heißt, im Kapitel <code>cli oben erwähnt, welche Operationen auf den von gitlab unterstützten Ressourcen ausgeführt werden und welche Parameter dieser Operation entsprechen#🎜🎜## 🎜🎜#Durch Lesen von client .py client.py#L446:9 Diese Datei kann gesehen werden#🎜🎜#rrreee
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