So verwenden Sie das sed-Befehlstool
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sed用法
使用sed可以实现grep的大部分功能，而且还可以查找替换。
语法：
sed [options] 'command' filename
sed [options] -f scriptfile filename
Options：
-n：-n选项和p命令一起使用表示打印
-e：等价于--expression，多点编辑，在一行执行多条命令
用sed实现匹配（grep）功能=打印有root字符串的行
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -n '/root/'p test.txt </span> <span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">operator:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">11</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:operator</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -nr '/r+o/'p test.txt </span> <span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">operator:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">11</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:operator</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-bus-<span class="hljs-symbol">proxy:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">999</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Bus <span class="hljs-symbol">Proxy:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">tss:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Account</span> used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span>/dev/<span class="hljs-symbol">null:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">chrony:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">995</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/lib/chrony</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -nr '/o*t/'p test.txt </span> <span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">shutdown:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">6</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:shutdown</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/shutdown</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">halt:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">7</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:halo1t</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/halt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">operator:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">11</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:operator</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">ftp:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">14</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">50</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:FTP</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">User:</span>/var/<span class="hljs-symbol">ftp:</span>/sbin/nologin systemd-bus-<span class="hljs-symbol">proxy:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">999</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Bus <span class="hljs-symbol">Proxy:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-<span class="hljs-symbol">network:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Network <span class="hljs-symbol">Management:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dbus:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:System</span> message <span class="hljs-symbol">bus:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">998</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">996</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:User</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">tss:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Account</span> used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span>/dev/<span class="hljs-symbol">null:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">postfix:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spool/postfix</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Privilege-separated</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">SSH:</span>/var/empty/<span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span>/sbin/nologin
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忽略大小写（I）
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -n '/nologin/'Ip test.txt </span> <span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:daemon</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">ad11om:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">3</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">4</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:ad1om</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/adm</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">lp:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">4</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">7</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:lp</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spoool/lpd</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">mail:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">8</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">12</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:mail</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spoooooool/mail</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">operator:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">11</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:operator</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">games:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">12</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">100</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:games</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/usr/games</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">ftp:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">14</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">50</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:FTP</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">User:</span>/var/<span class="hljs-symbol">ftp:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">nobody:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">99</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">99</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Nobody</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-bus-<span class="hljs-symbol">proxy:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">999</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Bus <span class="hljs-symbol">Proxy:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-<span class="hljs-symbol">network:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Network <span class="hljs-symbol">Management:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dbus:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:System</span> message <span class="hljs-symbol">bus:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">998</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">996</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:User</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">tss:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Account</span> used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span>/dev/<span class="hljs-symbol">null:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">postfix:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spool/postfix</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Privilege-separated</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">SSH:</span>/var/empty/<span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">chrony:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">995</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/lib/chrony</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span>
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打印指定行(p)
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -n '2'p test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -n '2,5'p test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dfsdfdsfsdfs:</span><span class="hljs-number">1241124</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:jksdfhdskjf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sfdsf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:rao</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">325345345</span> <span class="hljs-number">222222</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:r</span>.<span class="hljs-symbol">o:</span>dfdsfdsg <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:daemon</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -n '15,$'p test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">nobody:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">99</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">99</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Nobody</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-bus-<span class="hljs-symbol">proxy:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">999</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Bus <span class="hljs-symbol">Proxy:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-<span class="hljs-symbol">network:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Network <span class="hljs-symbol">Management:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dbus:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:System</span> message <span class="hljs-symbol">bus:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">998</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">996</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:User</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">tss:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Account</span> used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span>/dev/<span class="hljs-symbol">null:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">postfix:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spool/postfix</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Privilege-separated</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">SSH:</span>/var/empty/<span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">chrony:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">995</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/lib/chrony</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span>
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-e选项允许在同一行里执行多条命令(把第一行打印出来并匹配bus)
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -e '1'p -e '/bus/'p -n test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> systemd-bus-<span class="hljs-symbol">proxy:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">999</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Bus <span class="hljs-symbol">Proxy:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dbus:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:System</span> message <span class="hljs-symbol">bus:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -e '1'p -e '/root/'p -n test.txt </span> <span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">operator:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">11</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:operator</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span>
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说明 “sed -e '1'p -e '/bus/'p -n test.txt”该命令的意思是：打印第一行，同时也打印出匹配有‘bus’的行。当打印的内容和匹配的内容相同时，会分别显示，即：两个命令同时进行但相对独立。
删除指定行(d)
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed '1,10'd test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">mail:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">8</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">12</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:mail</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spoooooool/mail</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">operator:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">11</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:operator</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">games:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">12</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">100</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:games</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/usr/games</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">ftp:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">14</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">50</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:FTP</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">User:</span>/var/<span class="hljs-symbol">ftp:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">nobody:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">99</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">99</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Nobody</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-bus-<span class="hljs-symbol">proxy:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">999</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Bus <span class="hljs-symbol">Proxy:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-<span class="hljs-symbol">network:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Network <span class="hljs-symbol">Management:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dbus:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:System</span> message <span class="hljs-symbol">bus:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">998</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">996</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:User</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">tss:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Account</span> used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span>/dev/<span class="hljs-symbol">null:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">postfix:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spool/postfix</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Privilege-separated</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">SSH:</span>/var/empty/<span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">chrony:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">995</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/lib/chrony</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed '1,18'd test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">998</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">996</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:User</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">tss:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Account</span> used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span>/dev/<span class="hljs-symbol">null:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">postfix:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spool/postfix</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Privilege-separated</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">SSH:</span>/var/empty/<span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">chrony:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">995</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/lib/chrony</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span>
Nach dem Login kopieren
注： 这种方法并不会删除文件的内容，知识打印在屏幕上的内容删除了指定行。那么如何直接删除文件中指定的内容呢？如下：
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># wc -l test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-number">23</span> test.txt [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -i '1,20'd test.txt</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># wc -l test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> test.txt [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># cat test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">postfix:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spool/postfix</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Privilege-separated</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">SSH:</span>/var/empty/<span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">chrony:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">995</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/lib/chrony</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed -i '/SSH/'d test.txt</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># cat test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">postfix:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spool/postfix</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">chrony:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">995</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/lib/chrony</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span>
Nach dem Login kopieren
查找替换（s） 类似于vim中的查找替换
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed '1,10s/root/toor/g' test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">toor:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:toor</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/toor</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dfsdfdsfsdfs:</span><span class="hljs-number">1241124</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:jksdfhdskjf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sfdsf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:rao</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">325345345</span> <span class="hljs-number">222222</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:r</span>.<span class="hljs-symbol">o:</span>dfdsfdsg <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:daemon</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">ad11om:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">3</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">4</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:ad1om</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/adm</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">lp:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">4</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">7</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:lp</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spoool/lpd</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">sync:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">5</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sync</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/sync</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">shutdown:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">6</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:shutdown</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/shutdown</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">halt:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">7</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:halo1t</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/halt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">mail:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">8</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">12</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:mail</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spoooooool/mail</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">operator:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">11</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:operator</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">games:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">12</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">100</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:games</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/usr/games</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">ftp:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">14</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">50</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:FTP</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">User:</span>/var/<span class="hljs-symbol">ftp:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">nobody:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">99</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">99</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Nobody</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-bus-<span class="hljs-symbol">proxy:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">999</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Bus <span class="hljs-symbol">Proxy:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> systemd-<span class="hljs-symbol">network:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">192</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:systemd</span> Network <span class="hljs-symbol">Management:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dbus:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">81</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:System</span> message <span class="hljs-symbol">bus:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">998</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">996</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:User</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">polkitd:</span>/<span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">tss:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">59</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Account</span> used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd <span class="hljs-symbol">daemon:</span>/dev/<span class="hljs-symbol">null:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">postfix:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">89</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/spool/postfix</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">74</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:Privilege-separated</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">SSH:</span>/var/empty/<span class="hljs-symbol">sshd:</span>/sbin/nologin <span class="hljs-symbol">chrony:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">997</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">995</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/var/lib/chrony</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/nologin</span> 此处如果不使用head命令，将会显示test.txt全部内容。 [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># sed '1,10s/root/toor/g' test.txt | head -3</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">toor:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:toor</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/toor</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dfsdfdsfsdfs:</span><span class="hljs-number">1241124</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:jksdfhdskjf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sfdsf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:rao</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">325345345</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># cat test.txt | head -3</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dfsdfdsfsdfs:</span><span class="hljs-number">1241124</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:jksdfhdskjf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sfdsf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:rao</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">325345345</span>
Nach dem Login kopieren
替换每行第一个字符串和最后一个字符串的位置：
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># head -3 test.txt</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">dfsdfdsfsdfs:</span><span class="hljs-number">1241124</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:jksdfhdskjf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sfdsf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:rao</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">325345345</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># head -3 test.txt |sed -r 's/([^:]+):(.*):([^:]+)/\3:\2:\1/'</span> /bin/<span class="hljs-symbol">bash:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span> /sbin/<span class="hljs-symbol">NOLOGIN:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span> <span class="hljs-number">325345345</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1241124</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:jksdfhdskjf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sfdsf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:rao</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:dfsdfdsfsdfs</span>
Nach dem Login kopieren
说明： 小括号内的字符串可以用反斜杠跟数字组合按顺序来代替。
在每一行行首添加指定字符：
[root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># head -3 test.txt | sed -r 's/(.*)/AB:\1/'</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">AB:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">AB:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">AB:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">dfsdfdsfsdfs:</span><span class="hljs-number">1241124</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:jksdfhdskjf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sfdsf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:rao</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">325345345</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable">@cham2</span> sed]<span class="hljs-comment"># head -3 test.txt | sed -r 's/(.*)/AB:&/'</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">AB:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">root:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/root</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin/bash</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">AB:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">bin:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">x:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/bin</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:/sbin/NOLOGIN</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">AB:</span><span class="hljs-symbol">dfsdfdsfsdfs:</span><span class="hljs-number">1241124</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:jksdfhdskjf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:sfdsf</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:rao</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span><span class="hljs-number">325345345</span>
Nach dem Login kopieren
说明： 在此&代表前面括号中的内容=“\ 1”
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Was zu tun ist, nachdem CentOS die Wartung gestoppt hat
Apr 14, 2025 pm 08:48 PM
Nachdem CentOS gestoppt wurde, können Benutzer die folgenden Maßnahmen ergreifen, um sich damit zu befassen: Wählen Sie eine kompatible Verteilung aus: wie Almalinux, Rocky Linux und CentOS Stream. Migrieren Sie auf kommerzielle Verteilungen: wie Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Oracle Linux. Upgrade auf CentOS 9 Stream: Rolling Distribution und bietet die neueste Technologie. Wählen Sie andere Linux -Verteilungen aus: wie Ubuntu, Debian. Bewerten Sie andere Optionen wie Container, virtuelle Maschinen oder Cloud -Plattformen.
CentOS 'Wahl nach der Beendigung der Wartung
Apr 14, 2025 pm 08:51 PM
CentOS wurde eingestellt, Alternativen umfassen: 1. Rocky Linux (beste Kompatibilität); 2. Almalinux (kompatibel mit CentOS); 3. Ubuntu Server (Konfiguration erforderlich); 4. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (kommerzielle Version, bezahlte Lizenz); 5. Oracle Linux (kompatibel mit CentOS und RHEL). Bei der Migration sind Überlegungen: Kompatibilität, Verfügbarkeit, Unterstützung, Kosten und Unterstützung in der Gemeinde.
So verwenden Sie Docker Desktop
Apr 15, 2025 am 11:45 AM
Wie benutze ich Docker Desktop? Docker Desktop ist ein Werkzeug zum Ausführen von Docker -Containern auf lokalen Maschinen. Zu den zu verwendenden Schritten gehören: 1.. Docker Desktop installieren; 2. Start Docker Desktop; 3.. Erstellen Sie das Docker -Bild (mit Dockerfile); 4. Build Docker Image (mit Docker Build); 5. Docker -Container ausführen (mit Docker Run).
