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Guides Access control CORS Authentication Browser detection using the user agent Caching Caching FAQ Compression Conditional requests Connection management in HTTP 1.x Content negotiation Content negotiation: List of default Accept values Cookies CSP Messages Overview Protocol upgrade mechanism Proxy servers and tunneling Proxy servers and tunneling: Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) file Public Key Pinning Range requests Redirections Resources and specifications Resources and URIs Response codes Server-Side Access Control Session Guides: Basics Basics of HTTP Choosing between www and non-www URLs Data URIs Evolution of HTTP Identifying resources on the Web MIME Types MIME types: Complete list of MIME types CSP Content-Security-Policy Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only CSP: base-uri CSP: block-all-mixed-content CSP: child-src CSP: connect-src CSP: default-src CSP: font-src CSP: form-action CSP: frame-ancestors CSP: frame-src CSP: img-src CSP: manifest-src CSP: media-src CSP: object-src CSP: plugin-types CSP: referrer CSP: report-uri CSP: require-sri-for CSP: sandbox CSP: script-src CSP: style-src CSP: upgrade-insecure-requests CSP: worker-src Headers Accept Accept-Charset Accept-Encoding Accept-Language Accept-Ranges Access-Control-Allow-Credentials Access-Control-Allow-Headers Access-Control-Allow-Methods Access-Control-Allow-Origin Access-Control-Expose-Headers Access-Control-Max-Age Access-Control-Request-Headers Access-Control-Request-Method Age Allow Authorization Cache-Control Connection Content-Disposition Content-Encoding Content-Language Content-Length Content-Location Content-Range Content-Type Cookie Cookie2 Date DNT ETag Expect Expires Forwarded From Headers Host If-Match If-Modified-Since If-None-Match If-Range If-Unmodified-Since Keep-Alive Large-Allocation Last-Modified Location Origin Pragma Proxy-Authenticate Proxy-Authorization Public-Key-Pins Public-Key-Pins-Report-Only Range Referer Referrer-Policy Retry-After Server Set-Cookie Set-Cookie2 SourceMap Strict-Transport-Security TE Tk Trailer Transfer-Encoding Upgrade-Insecure-Requests User-Agent User-Agent: Firefox Vary Via Warning WWW-Authenticate X-Content-Type-Options X-DNS-Prefetch-Control X-Forwarded-For X-Forwarded-Host X-Forwarded-Proto X-Frame-Options X-XSS-Protection Methods CONNECT DELETE GET HEAD Methods OPTIONS PATCH POST PUT Status 100 Continue 101 Switching Protocols 200 OK 201 Created 202 Accepted 203 Non-Authoritative Information 204 No Content 205 Reset Content 206 Partial Content 300 Multiple Choices 301 Moved Permanently 302 Found 303 See Other 304 Not Modified 307 Temporary Redirect 308 Permanent Redirect 400 Bad Request 401 Unauthorized 403 Forbidden 404 Not Found 405 Method Not Allowed 406 Not Acceptable 407 Proxy Authentication Required 408 Request Timeout 409 Conflict 410 Gone 411 Length Required 412 Precondition Failed 413 Payload Too Large 414 URI Too Long 415 Unsupported Media Type 416 Range Not Satisfiable 417 Expectation Failed 426 Upgrade Required 428 Precondition Required 429 Too Many Requests 431 Request Header Fields Too Large 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons 500 Internal Server Error 501 Not Implemented 502 Bad Gateway 503 Service Unavailable 504 Gateway Timeout 505 HTTP Version Not Supported 511 Network Authentication Required Status
Figuren

以下是按照文档类型关联的 MIME 类型的综合列表,它们的公用扩展按顺序排列。

两种主要的 MIME 类型对于默认类型的角色非常重要:

  • text/plain是文本文件的默认值。文本文件应该是人类可读的,并且不得包含二进制数据。

  • application/octet-stream是所有其他情况下的默认值。一个未知的文件类型应该使用这种类型。浏览器在操作这些文件时要特别小心,试图保护用户以防止危险的行为。

IANA 是 MIME 媒体类型的正式注册机构,并维护所有官方 MIME 类型列表。此表列出了 Web 的一些重要的 MIME 类型:

扩展

文件类型

MIME 类型

.aac

AAC audio file

audio/aac

.abw

AbiWord document

application/x-abiword

.arc

Archive document (multiple files embedded)

application/octet-stream

.avi

AVI: Audio Video Interleave

video/x-msvideo

.azw

Amazon Kindle eBook format

application/vnd.amazon.ebook

.bin

Any kind of binary data

application/octet-stream

.bz

BZip archive

application/x-bzip

.bz2

BZip2 archive

application/x-bzip2

.csh

C-Shell script

application/x-csh

.css

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

text/css

.csv

Comma-separated values (CSV)

text/csv

.doc

Microsoft Word

application/msword

.eot

MS Embedded OpenType fonts

application/vnd.ms-fontobject

.epub

Electronic publication (EPUB)

application/epub+zip

.gif

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

image/gif

.htm     .html

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

text/html

.ico

Icon format

image/x-icon

.ics

iCalendar format

text/calendar

.jar

Java Archive (JAR)

application/java-archive

.jpeg .jpg

JPEG images

image/jpeg

.js

JavaScript (ECMAScript)

application/javascript

.json

JSON format

application/json

.mid .midi

Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)

audio/midi

.mpeg

MPEG Video

video/mpeg

.mpkg

Apple Installer Package

application/vnd.apple.installer+xml

.odp

OpenDocument presentation document

application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation

.ods

OpenDocument spreadsheet document

application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet

.odt

OpenDocument text document

application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text

.oga

OGG audio

audio/ogg

.ogv

OGG video

video/ogg

.ogx

OGG

application/ogg

.otf

OpenType font

font/otf

.png

Portable Network Graphics

image/png

.pdf

Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)

application/pdf

.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint

application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

.rar

RAR archive

application/x-rar-compressed

.rtf

Rich Text Format (RTF)

application/rtf

.sh

Bourne shell script

application/x-sh

.svg

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)

image/svg+xml

.swf

Small web format (SWF) or Adobe Flash document

application/x-shockwave-flash

.tar

Tape Archive (TAR)

application/x-tar

.tif     .tiff

Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)

image/tiff

.ts

Typescript file

application/typescript

.ttf

TrueType Font

font/ttf

.vsd

Microsoft Visio

application/vnd.visio

.wav

Waveform Audio Format

audio/x-wav

.weba

WEBM audio

audio/webm

.webm

WEBM video

video/webm

.webp

WEBP image

image/webp

.woff

Web Open Font Format (WOFF)

font/woff

.woff2

Web Open Font Format (WOFF)

font/woff2

.xhtml

XHTML

application/xhtml+xml

.xls     .xlsx

Microsoft Excel

application/vnd.ms-excel     application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet

.xml

XML

application/xml

.xul

XUL

application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml

.zip

ZIP archive

application/zip

.3gp

3GPP audio/video container

video/3gpp audio/3gpp if it doesn't contain video

.3g2

3GPP2 audio/video container

video/3gpp2 audio/3gpp2 if it doesn't contain video

.7z

7-zip archive

application/x-7z-compressed

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