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本快速入门指南演示了如何使用Docker Compose来设置和运行简单的Django / PostgreSQL应用程序。在开始之前,您需要安装Compose。

定义项目组件

对于这个项目,你需要创建一个Dockerfile,一个Python依赖关系文件和一个docker-compose.yml文件。(您可以使用此文件的扩展名.yml.yaml扩展名。)

  1. 创建一个空的项目目录。您可以为该目录命名一些容易记忆的内容。该目录是应用程序映像的上下文。该目录应该只包含构建该映像的资源。

  2. Dockerfile在您的项目目录中创建一个新文件。Dockerfile通过一个或多个配置该映像的构建命令来定义应用程序的映像内容。一旦建成,你可以在一个容器中运行图像。有关更多信息Dockerfiles,请参阅Docker用户指南和Dockerfile参考。

  3. 将以下内容添加到Dockerfile。FROM python:3 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1 RUN mkdir / code WORKDIR / code ADD requirements.txt / code / RUN pip install -r requirements.txt ADD。/ code /这Dockerfile从一个Python 3父图像开始。父图像通过添加新code目录进行修改。通过安装requirements.txt文件中定义的Python需求进一步修改父映像。

  4. 保存并关闭Dockerfile

  5. requirements.txt在您的项目目录中创建一个。该文件由RUN pip install -r requirements.txt您的命令使用Dockerfile

  6. 在文件中添加所需的软件。Django> = 1.8,<2.0 psycopg2

  7. 保存并关闭requirements.txt文件。

  8. docker-compose.yml在您的项目目录中创建一个名为的文件。该docker-compose.yml文件描述了制作您的应用的服务。在这个例子中,这些服务是一个Web服务器和数据库。撰写文件还描述了这些服务使用哪些Docker映像,它们如何链接在一起,以及它们可能需要装入容器内的任何卷。最后,该docker-compose.yml文件描述了这些服务公开哪些端口。有关docker-compose.yml此文件如何工作的更多信息,请参阅参考资料。

  9. 将以下配置添加到文件中。版本:'3'服务:db:image:postgres web:build:。命令:python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000卷: - 。:/ code ports: - “8000:8000”depends_on: -  db这个文件定义了两个服务:db服务和web服务。

  10. 保存并关闭docker-compose.yml文件。

创建一个Django项目

在这一步中,您将通过构建上一过程中定义的构建上下文中的图像来创建Django初学者项目。

  1. 切换到您的项目目录的根目录。

  2. 通过运行docker-compose run命令来创建Django项目,如下所示。docker-compose运行web django-admin.py startproject composeexample。这指示Compose django-admin.py startproject composeexample使用web服务的映像和配置在容器中运行。由于该web图像尚不存在,因此Compose会从当前目录中构建它,如build: .线条所示docker-compose.yml。一旦web构建了服务映像,Compose就会运行它并django-admin.py startproject在容器中执行该命令。该命令指示Django创建一组代表Django项目的文件和目录。

  3. 在后docker-compose命令完成后,列出项目的内容。$ ls -l drwxr-xr-x 2 root root composeexample -rw-rw-r-- 1用户用户docker-compose.yml -rw-rw-r-- 1个用户用户Dockerfile -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root manage.py -rw-rw-r-- 1个用户用户requirements.txt如果您在Linux上运行Docker,则django-admin创建的文件将由root用户拥有。发生这种情况是因为容器以root用户身份运行。更改新文件的所有权。sudo chown -R $ USER:$ USER。如果您在Mac或Windows上运行Docker,则您应拥有所有文件的所有权,包括由所生成的文件django-admin。列出文件只是为了验证这一点。$ ls -l total 32 -rw -r -r-- 1位用户员工145 Feb 13 23:00 Dockerfile drwxr-xr-x 6用户人员204 Feb 13 23:07 composeexample -rw-r  -  r-- 1用户工作人员159 Feb 13 23:02 docker-compose.yml -rwxr-xr-x 1用户人员257 Feb 13 23:07 manage.py -rw -r  -  r-- 1个用户人员16 Feb 13 23:01需求。文本

连接数据库

在本节中,您将为Django设置数据库连接。

  1. 在您的项目目录中,编辑该composeexample/settings.py文件。

  2. 替换为DATABASES = ...:DATABASES = {'default':{'ENGINE':'django.db.backends.postgresql','NAME':'postgres','USER':'postgres','HOST':'db ','PORT':5432,}}这些设置由中指定的postgres Docker镜像决定docker-compose.yml

  3. 保存并关闭文件。

  4. 从项目的顶级目录运行docker-compose up命令。$ docker-compose up djangosample_db_1是最新版本创建djangosample_web_1 ...创建djangosample_web_1 ... done附加到djangosample_db_1,djangosample_web_1 db_1 | 属于这个数据库系统的文件将由用户“postgres”拥有。db_1 | 该用户还必须拥有服务器进程。db_1 | db_1 | 数据库集群将使用语言环境“en_US.utf8”进行初始化。db_1 | 默认的数据库编码相应地被设置为“UTF8”。db_1 | 默认的文本搜索配置将被设置为“english”。。。。web_1 | 2017年5月30日 -  21:44:49 web_1 | Django版本1.11.1,使用设置'composeexample.settings'web_1 | 从http://0.0.0.0启动开发服务器:8000 / web_1 | 使用CONTROL-C退出服务器。此时,您的Django应用程序应该在端口上运行8000在您的Docker主机上。在Docker for Mac和Docker for Windows上,转到http://localhost:8000Web浏览器以查看Django欢迎页面。如果您使用Docker Machine,则docker-machine ip MACHINE_VM返回可添加端口(<Docker-Host-IP>:8000)的Docker主机IP地址。

注意:

在某些平台(Windows 10)上,您可能需要编辑ALLOWED_HOSTS内部settings.py并将Docker主机名或IP地址添加到列表中。为了演示目的,您可以将该值设置为:

ALLOWED_HOSTS = '*'

请注意,这个值是不是对生产使用是安全的。有关更多信息,请参阅Django文档。

  1. 列出运行的容器。在另一个终端窗口中,使用该docker ps命令列出正在运行的Docker进程。$ docker ps容器ID映像命令创建状态端口名称def85eff5f51 django_web“python3 manage.py ...”10分钟前上传9分钟0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp django_web_1 678ce61c79cc postgres“docker-entrypoint ...”20分钟前上升9分钟5432 / tcp django_db_1

  2. 关闭服务并使用以下任一方法进行清理:

-  Stop the application by typing `Ctrl-C` in the same shell in where you started it: Gracefully stopping... (press Ctrl+C again to force) Killing test_web_1 ... done Killing test_db_1 ... done
-  Or, for a more elegant shutdown, switch to a different shell, and run [docker-compose down](../reference/down/index) from the top level of your Django sample project directory. vmb at mymachine in ~/sandbox/django $ docker-compose down Stopping django_web_1 ... done Stopping django_db_1 ... done Removing django_web_1 ... done Removing django_web_run_1 ... done Removing django_db_1 ... done Removing network django_default

关闭应用程序后,您可以安全地删除Django项目目录(例如,rm -rf django)。

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